O bjectives Suicide A wareness and P revention for Review risk - PDF document

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 O bjectives Suicide A wareness and P revention for Review risk factors associated with suicide and self-harm College Students: Incorporating Campus- behaviors in college students. Based and Social M edia Interventions for D emonstrate the benefit of multiple approaches to campus a M ultidimensional A pproach based suicide awareness and prevention efforts Identify risks and benefits associated with the use of social media campaigns for suicide awareness and prevention. K erstin Gillespie, BSN , RN , D N P student Jessica W heeler, M SN , RN , PM HCN S-BC, D N P student Provide an example of a social media video D isclosures D efinitions • Suicide: death caused by self- directed injurious behavior with an intent to die as a result of the behavior T he presenters have no conflicts of interest, commercial support, or off-label use to disclose. • Suicide A ttempt: non- fatal, self- directed, potentially injurious behavior with an intent to die as a result of the behavior; might not result in injury • Suicidal Ideation: thinking about, considering, or planning suicide CDC, 2015a Wheeler 1

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 Statistics C ollege Students • N ot well • Increased risk, even compared to same age peers represented • M ay perceive self as low risk • under reported • F ear stigma of having mental illness or feel ashamed • false positives • L ack social support from friends and family. • false negatives • M ay conceal their suicidal thoughts to preserve autonomy regarding decision • 448 deaths of undetermined • Concerns of being hospitalized or expelled from their college or university. intent CDC, 2014; Ploderl, Kralovec, Yazdi & Fartacek, 2011 ; Pritchard, & Hansen, 201 5; Tøllefsen, Hem, & Ekeberg, 201 2 Denmark, Hess, & Becker, 201 2 Background R ecognizing R isk W arning Signs P rotective F actors • W orldwide • N ew or changed behaviors • F amily and social support • 800,000 suicide annually • U.S. • Access to mental health • Increased or new use of drugs and • 1 0th leading cause of death overall. services and primary care alcohol • 2nd leading cause of death among college-age individuals • C ultural and religious beliefs • W ithdrawing from normal activities • 5,1 62 suicide related deaths for individuals age 1 7-25 • L ack of lethal means to commit • 1 2.85 deaths per 1 00,000 • Isolation suicide (Bramley, 2014; CDC, 201 4). • Giving away belongings • Changes in mood American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, 201 6; CDC 201 5b Wheeler 2

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 R isk F actors Integrating Social Media • D rug or alcohol use or history of use • Social media use is greatest among college aged students • Previous suicide attempts • Increasing help seeking behavior is a potential benefit • History of family suicide • M ulti-dimensional campaigns that incorporate media can be • History of mental illness effective, though warrant caution to prevent over-normalization • Impulsive or aggressive tendencies of suicidal behavior • E asy access to lethal methods • Stakeholders in social media organizations perceive the benefits • L ocal epidemics of suicide of using social media outweigh risks if caution is taken • Physical illness • M edia that focuses on positive aspects of overcoming crisis are related to decreased suicide rates, while sensationalism is • L oss of relationships, work or finances linked to increases • CDC, 2015b; Niederkrotenthaler, Harvard IOP, 2016; Neiderkrotenthaler, et al, 2014; F eelings of hopelessness Reidenberg, Till, & Gould, 2014 Robinson, Rodrigues, Fisher, Bailey, & Herrman, 2015 R ecommendations Suicide Prevention in College Students Video • E arly treatment and prevention • Promote available services • M ultidimensional approaches to suicide prevention have been more successful in reducing suicide rates. • E nsure faculty training on suicide prevention, available resources and crisis intervention. • E ngaging staff in detecting mental health problems, encouraging help seeking, and providing services are more important than the ratio of mental health professionals to students Rickwood, Deane, & Wilson, 2007 Wheeler 3

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 F uture R esearch R eferences • Green, J .G., Mclaughlin, K.A., Alegría, M., Costello, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Hoagwood, K., ... Kessler, R.C. (201 3). School mental health resources and adolescent mental health service use. • Reducing the risk of “Copy Cat” suicide related to social (5), 501 -51 0. doi:1 0.1 01 6/j.jaac.201 3.03.002 • Harvard IOP. (201 6). Retrieved from http://www.iop.harvard.edu/use-social- media strategies networking-technology • Niederkrotenthaler, T., Reidenberg, D. J., Till, B., & Gould, M. S. (201 4). Increasing help-seeking and referrals for • Understanding when social media strategies are best individuals at risk for suicide by decreasing stigma: The role of mass media. , 47(3, Suppl 2), S235-S243. doi:1 0.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.010 used to target students at risk • Ploderl, M., Kralovec, K., Yazdi, K., & Fartacek, R. (2011 ). A closer look at self-reported suicide attempts: False positives and false negatives. , (1 ), 1 -5 • Identifying best avenues to reach highest risk students • Pritchard, C., & Hansen, L. (201 5). Examining undetermined and accidental deaths as source of 'under-reported- suicide' by age and sex in twenty western countries. , (3), 365-376 12p. • E stablishing guidelines for responsible reporting of doi:1 0.1007/s10597-01 4-9810-z suicide in social media • Rickwood, D. J., Deane, F. P., & Wilson, C. J. (2007). When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems? (7), S35-S39. • Robinson, J., Rodrigues, M., Fisher, S., Bailey, E., & Herrman, H. (201 5). Social media and suicide prevention: findings from a stakeholder survey. , (1 ), 27-35. doi:10.11 91 9/j.issn.1 002- 0829.214133 Neiderkrotenthaler, et al, 2014; Robinson, Rodrigues, Fisher, Bailey, & Herrman, 2015 • Tøllefsen, I., Hem, E., & Ekeberg, Ø. (201 2). The reliability of suicide statistics: A systematic review. (1 ), 9. doi:1 0.1 1 86/1 471 -244x-1 2-9 R eferences • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (201 6). Risk factors and warning signs. Retrieved from https://afsp.org/about-suicide/risk-factors-and-warning-signs/among College Students. , (2), 1 45 • Bramley, D. (Ed.). (201 4). . Retrieved from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/world_report_2014/en/ • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [Online] . (2014). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (producer). Available from: URL: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars. [201 6, J an. 1 7]. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (201 5a). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention. Definitions: Self-directed violence. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/definitions.html • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (201 5b,). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/riskprotectivefactors.html • Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Protective factors framework. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/preventing/promoting/protectfactors/protective-factors • Denmark, A.B., Hess, E., & Becker, M.S. (201 2). College students' reasons for concealing suicidal ideation [PDF file] . 26(2), 83-98. Retrieved from http://cmhc.utexas.edu/pdf/ Wheeler 4