[PDF] - O bjectives Suicide A wareness and P revention for Review risk PDF Document

SLIDE 1

Suicide A wareness and P revention for College Students: Incorporating Campus- Based and Social M edia Interventions for a M ultidimensional A pproach

K erstin Gillespie, BSN , RN , D N P student Jessica W heeler, M SN , RN , PM HCN S-BC, D N P student

D isclosures

T he presenters have no conflicts of interest, commercial support, or off-label use to disclose.

O bjectives

Review risk factors associated with suicide and self-harm behaviors in college students. D emonstrate the benefit of multiple approaches to campus based suicide awareness and prevention efforts Identify risks and benefits associated with the use of social media campaigns for suicide awareness and prevention. Provide an example of a social media video

D efinitions

Suicide: death caused by self-

directed injurious behavior with an intent to die as a result of the behavior

Suicide A

ttempt: non- fatal, self- directed, potentially injurious behavior with an intent to die as a result of the behavior; might not result in injury

Suicidal Ideation: thinking about, considering, or planning

suicide

CDC, 2015a

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 Wheeler 1

SLIDE 2

Statistics

N
t well

represented

under reported
false positives
false negatives
448 deaths of

undetermined intent

CDC, 2014; Ploderl, Kralovec, Yazdi & Fartacek, 2011 ; Pritchard, & Hansen, 201 5; Tøllefsen, Hem, & Ekeberg, 201 2

Background

W
rldwide
800,000 suicide annually
U.S.
1

0th leading cause of death overall.

2nd leading cause of death among college-age individuals
5,1

62 suicide related deaths for individuals age 1 7-25

1

2.85 deaths per 1 00,000

(Bramley, 2014; CDC, 201 4).

C

llege Students
Increased risk, even compared to same age peers
M

ay perceive self as low risk

F

ear stigma of having mental illness or feel ashamed

L

ack social support from friends and family.

M

ay conceal their suicidal thoughts to preserve autonomy regarding decision

Concerns of being hospitalized or expelled from their college
r university.

Denmark, Hess, & Becker, 201 2

R ecognizing R isk

W arning Signs

N

ew or changed behaviors

Increased or new use of drugs and

alcohol

W

ithdrawing from normal activities

Isolation
Giving away belongings
Changes in mood

American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, 201 6; CDC 201 5b

P rotective F actors

F

amily and social support

Access to mental health

services and primary care

C

ultural and religious beliefs

L

ack of lethal means to commit suicide

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 Wheeler 2

SLIDE 3

R isk F actors

D

rug or alcohol use or history of use

Previous suicide attempts
History of family suicide
History of mental illness
Impulsive or aggressive tendencies
E

asy access to lethal methods

L
cal epidemics of suicide
Physical illness
L
ss of relationships, work or finances
F

eelings of hopelessness

CDC, 2015b; Niederkrotenthaler, Reidenberg, Till, & Gould, 2014

R ecommendations

E

arly treatment and prevention

Promote available services
M

ultidimensional approaches to suicide prevention have been more successful in reducing suicide rates.

E

nsure faculty training on suicide prevention, available resources and crisis intervention.

E

ngaging staff in detecting mental health problems, encouraging help seeking, and providing services are more important than the ratio of mental health professionals to students

Rickwood, Deane, & Wilson, 2007

Integrating Social Media

Social media use is greatest among college aged students
Increasing help seeking behavior is a potential benefit
M

ulti-dimensional campaigns that incorporate media can be effective, though warrant caution to prevent over-normalization

f suicidal behavior
Stakeholders in social media organizations perceive the benefits
f using social media outweigh risks if caution is taken
M

edia that focuses on positive aspects of overcoming crisis are related to decreased suicide rates, while sensationalism is linked to increases

Harvard IOP, 2016; Neiderkrotenthaler, et al, 2014; Robinson, Rodrigues, Fisher, Bailey, & Herrman, 2015

Suicide Prevention in College Students Video

APNA 30th Annual Conference Session 3012: October 21, 2016 Wheeler 3

SLIDE 4

F uture R esearch

Reducing the risk of “Copy Cat” suicide related to social

media strategies

Understanding when social media strategies are best

used to target students at risk

Identifying best avenues to reach highest risk students
E

stablishing guidelines for responsible reporting of suicide in social media

Neiderkrotenthaler, et al, 2014; Robinson, Rodrigues, Fisher, Bailey, & Herrman, 2015

American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (201

6). Risk factors and warning signs. Retrieved from https://afsp.org/about-suicide/risk-factors-and-warning-signs/among College Students. , (2), 1 45

Bramley, D. (Ed.). (201

4). . Retrieved from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/world_report_2014/en/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)

[Online] . (2014). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (producer). Available from: URL: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars. [201 6, J

an. 1

7].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (201

5a). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention. Definitions: Self-directed violence. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/definitions.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (201

5b,). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/riskprotectivefactors.html

Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Protective factors framework. Retrieved from

https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/preventing/promoting/protectfactors/protective-factors

Denmark, A.B., Hess, E., & Becker, M.S. (201

2). College students' reasons for concealing suicidal ideation [PDF file] . 26(2), 83-98. Retrieved from http://cmhc.utexas.edu/pdf/

R eferences R eferences

Green, J

.G., Mclaughlin, K.A., Alegría, M., Costello, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Hoagwood, K., ... Kessler, R.C. (201 3). School mental health resources and adolescent mental health service use. (5), 501

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0. doi:1

0.1 01 6/j.jaac.201 3.03.002

Harvard IOP. (201

6). Retrieved from http://www.iop.harvard.edu/use-social- networking-technology

Niederkrotenthaler, T., Reidenberg, D. J., Till, B., & Gould, M. S. (201

4). Increasing help-seeking and referrals for individuals at risk for suicide by decreasing stigma: The role of mass media. , 47(3, Suppl 2), S235-S243. doi:1 0.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.010

Ploderl, M., Kralovec, K., Yazdi, K., & Fartacek, R. (2011

). A closer look at self-reported suicide attempts: False positives and false negatives. , (1 ), 1

5
Pritchard, C., & Hansen, L. (201

5). Examining undetermined and accidental deaths as source of 'under-reported- suicide' by age and sex in twenty western countries. , (3), 365-376 12p. doi:1 0.1007/s10597-01 4-9810-z

Rickwood, D. J., Deane, F. P., & Wilson, C. J. (2007). When and how do young people seek professional help for

mental health problems? (7), S35-S39.

Robinson, J., Rodrigues, M., Fisher, S., Bailey, E., & Herrman, H. (201

5). Social media and suicide prevention: findings from a stakeholder survey. , (1 ), 27-35. doi:10.11 91 9/j.issn.1 002- 0829.214133

Tøllefsen, I., Hem, E., & Ekeberg, Ø. (201

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