SLIDE 1 Nystagmus: To and fro eye movements Greek for head nodding Normal and abnormal types Classify by wave form and fast phase direction. Wave forms- pendular and jerk Directions (fast phase)
- horizontal, vertical and cyclo
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Pendular and Jerk Nystagmus
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Slow and Fast phase of Jerk Nystagmus
Specify direction of nystagmus by fast phase direction- easier to see
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Alexander’s Law
ull point Fast phase leftward Fast phase rightward Amplitude increases with gaze shift toward direction of fast phase.
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Classify nystagmus as you do strabismus: Congenital Developmental Acquired
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Normal forms of nystagmus OKN VOR Voluntary- back to back saccades
SLIDE 7 Voluntary Nystagmus
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Congenital nystagmus Associated with albinism and reduced VA VA reduced by non-foveal images Adopt head turn to find null-point & minimize with prisms Nystagmus blocking syndrome- large esotropia Follows Alexander’s law- Amplitude increases with gaze shift toward direction of fast phase.
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Congenital Nystagmus
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Developmental Nystagmus: Latent Nystagmus- part of infantile strabismus syndrome LN, DVD, asymmetric OKN Spasmus Nutans- normally grow out of it.
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Latent Nystagmus
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Latent Nystagmus- Developmental
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Spasmus Nutans
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Acquired Nystagmus Sudden onset.
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Acquired Nystagmus- pendular and jerk combo
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Oscillopsia- acquired nystagmus
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Gaze evoked Endpoint Nystagmus
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Periodic Alternating Nystagmus (PAN)
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Rebound Nystagmus – gaze right evoked with rebound
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Rebound Nystagmus – gaze left evoked with rebound
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Hyperventilation Nystagmus
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Vertical forms of nystagmus: Cerebellar disorders
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SeeSaw Nystagmus
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SeeSaw Nystagmus
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Downbeat Nystagmus
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Upbeat Nystagmus
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Ocular Bobing
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Slow Control
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