Nouns a -Stems (Masculine and Neuter) masc sg pl neut sg pl - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nouns

a-Stems (Masculine and Neuter) masc sg pl Nom. hestr hestar Acc. hest hesta Gen. hests hesta Dat. hesti hestum neut sg pl Nom. barn bǫrn Acc. barn bǫrn Gen. barns barna Dat. barni bǫrnum

▶ Masculines have the thematic vowel in nom/acc pl. ▶ Nom/acc pl. in neuters subject to labial mutation ▶ Genitive singular in -s or -ar

ō-Stems (Feminine) fem sg pl Nom. þǫrf þarfar Acc. þǫrf þarfar Gen. þarfar þarfa Dat. þǫrf þǫrfum

▶ Forms without -a- in the ending subject to labial mutation ▶ Nom/acc pl. in -ar (thematic vowel)

i-Stems (Masculine and Feminine) masc sg pl Nom. gestr gestir Acc. gest gesti Gen. gests gesta Dat. gest gestum fem sg pl Nom. ǫxl axlir Acc. ǫxl axlir Gen. axlar axla Dat. ǫxl ǫxlum

▶ Like a- and ō-stems, but thematic vowel i ▶ Dative singular masculine normally a zero ending

Weak Nouns (All Genders) masc sg pl Nom. bogi bogar Acc. boga boga Gen. boga boga Dat. boga bogum fem sg pl Nom. saga sǫgur Acc. sǫgu sǫgur Gen. sǫgu sagna Dat. sǫgu sǫgum

▶ Plurals largely like strong forms (but gen. pl. -na) ▶ One nom. form, one oblique form in the singular ▶ Cf. weak adjectives

Weak Nouns (All Genders) neut sg pl Nom. hjarta hjǫrtu Acc. hjarta hjǫrtu Gen. hjarta hjartna Dat. hjarta hjǫrtum

▶ Neuter singulars indeclinable, in -a ▶ Neuter plurals subject to labial mutation except in the genitive

The Definite Article

sg fem Nom. þǫrfin Acc. þǫrfina Gen. þarfarinnar Dat. þǫrfinni pl Nom. þarfarnar Acc. þarfarnar Gen. þarfanna Dat. þǫrfunum sg masc Nom. hestrinn Acc. hestinn Gen. hestsins Dat. hestinum pl Nom. hestarnir Acc. hestana Gen. hestanna Dat. hestunum sg neut Nom. barnit Acc. barnit Gen. barnsins Dat. barninu pl Nom. bǫrnin Acc. bǫrnin Gen. barnanna Dat. bǫrnunum