NOT-A-DROP SPECTROPHOTOMETER Group 27 Andrew Lezia Eric Zhang Michael Shang Client: Brad Postier (CEO Spectrum Perception LLC)
Background on Spectrophotometry • UV-Vis spectrophotometers are commonly used in biology/chemistry labs to measure concentrations of different molecules (i.e. nucleic acids and proteins)
Applications of Spectrophotometry • There are many applications of spectrophotometry in biological research that are dependent on the wavelength of incident light • Calculating Protein and Nucleic Acid Concentration (260- 280nm) • Calculating cellular density of a sample (~600nm) • Bradford Assay (~595nm) • Enzyme activity (multiple wavelengths)
Market Background • Global molecular spectroscopy market was valued at $4.3 billion in 2013 1 • Includes NMR spectroscopy, IR, UV-Vis, etc. • Market predicted to reach $5.9 billion by 2018 • Factors affecting market growth • Increased research and development funding for life sciences • High cost of spectrometry systems • Technological advancements
Problems with Current Bench-Top Spectrophotometers • Cost-Expensive • Results in spectrophotometers being shared between labs • Results in designated spectrophotometry areas • Loss of Sample • Samples commonly measured in disposable cuvettes or applied directly to device • Necessary connection to external computer • Limits portability of spectrophotometer • Sample contamination • PCR clean areas needed for sample analysis
Need Statement and Project Goal • There is currently a need for an inexpensive, portable spectrophotometer that is compatible with sample storage vials and that does not need to be connected to an external computer. • Our goal is to develop an inexpensive, portable, bench-top spectrophotometer with its own data display that accommodates our client’s sample tubes (Nucleotube).
Existing Solutions
NanoDrop • Manufactured by Thermo Scientific • Requires sample of 0.5-2.0uL • Utilizes surface tension to hold sample • Patent US 6628382B2 • Multiple models • NanoDrop Lite ~ $5000 • NanoDrop 2000 ~ $9000 • NanoDrop 8000 ~ $25,000 • Requires connection to computer • Spectral range of 190-840nm • Size of device – 2.0kg, 14cm x 20cm
NanoVue Plus • Manufactured by Biochrom • Requires sample volume of 0.5uL to 5uL • Utilizes gold-colored sample holding plate coated with hydrophobic material • Potentially allows for recovery of sample after measurement • Includes built-in graphical display • Costs ~$10,000 • Data out can be transferred via USB cable, Bluetooth or SD card • Size of device - 4.5kg, 26cm x 39cm x 10cm
Spectrophotometer Patents • A large amount of spectrophotometry patents exist • Multiple patents related to hand-held spectrophotometers and LED spectrophotometers • There are currently no accepted patents involving the use of reusable sample vials for spectrophotometry
Design Requirements • Utilizes microcontroller that is compatible with Arduino IDE • Adafruit Feather • Includes LED display of results presented as absorbance and percent transmittance • Must be portable (less than 2.0kg, no larger than 15cm x 15cm x 15cm) • Compatible with Nucleotube design specifications • Optical target region - 1.5mm wide by 3mm tall with 2mm path length • Nucleotube outer dimensions - 10.3mm diameter, 34.4mm height
Nucleotube Closeable Sample Storage Vial Light Light Source Detector Optical Target Region
Additional Design Requirements • Must be able to measure sample absorbance at 260 and 280 nm wavelength • Will potentially have modular light sensing hardware to allow for absorbance measurements at additional wavelengths in the UV-Vis spectrum
Prototype Functionality Metrics Absorbance Accuracy +/- 5.0% of known standard across entire range (10% for prototype) Linear from 0.1 - 1.0 Absorbance Range Repeatability +/- 2.0% between measurements Detection Limit 2.0 ng/µL < 10.0 s Measurement Time 1 Number of Samples Measured at Once
Preliminary Design Schedule Not-a-Drop Design Schedule 2016 2017 Task Name W Oct 2 Oct 9 Oct 16 Oct 23 Oct 30 Nov 6 Nov 13 Nov 20 Nov 27 Dec 4 Dec 11 Dec 18 Dec 25 Jan 1 Jan 8 Jan 15 Jan 22 Jan 29 Feb 5 Feb 12 Feb 19 Feb 26 Mar 5 Mar 12 Mar 19 Mar 26 Apr 2 Apr 9 Apr 16 Planning phase 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Task I Write Preliminary Report 1 c Task II Brainstorm Ideas for Deisgn Specs 3 n n n Task III Construct Pugh Chart 1 n n 2 Task IV Elaborate Chosen Design n n 1 Task V Make Budget Proposal n 3 Task VI Write Progress Report n n n c Winter Break 5 1 2 3 4 5 Prototype phase 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 Task I Develop CAD Prototype 5 n n n Task II Acquire Materials 3 n n n Task III Assemble Prototype 1 n d Task IV Prototype Modification 1 2 n n Task V Prototype Modification 2 2 n n Task VI Validate prototype 2 n n n Task VII V&V Report 4 n n n c Annotations W Duration (Weeks) n normal d dependent on others c critical
Team Responsibilities • Andrew Lezia • Lead development of microcontroller circuit and any necessary software development in Arduino IDE • Eric Zhang • Lead development of computer aided design of spectrophotometer housing • Michael Shang • Lead mechanical design of position of light source and detector within spectrophotometer
Information Sources http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/molecular-spectroscopy.asp 1. “ NanoDrop 2000." UV-Vis Spectrophotometer . Web. 05 Oct. 2016. 2. <http://www.nanodrop.com/productnd2000overview.aspx>. "NanoVue Plus™ Spectrophotometer." NanoVue Plus . Web. 05 Oct. 2016. 3. <http://biochromspectros.com/spectrophotometers/nanovue-plus-cat/nanovue-plus- spectrophotometer.html>. Robertson, Charles William. "Patent US6628382 - Liquid Photometer Using Surface 4. Tension to Contain Sample." Google Books . Web. 05 Oct. 2016. <https://www.google.com/patents/US6628382>.
Image Sources http://sites.cord.edu/chem-330-lab-manual/experiments/uv-vis 1. http://www.nanodrop.com/productnd2000overview.aspx 2. http://biochromspectros.com/spectrophotometers/nanovue-plus-cat/nanovue-plus- 3. spectrophotometer.html http://www.ultraleds.co.uk/50-reasons-why-you-should-be-using-leds/ 4.
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