Networks and Distributed Systems Olaf Landsiedel Networks and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Distributed Computing and Systems

Networks and Distributed Systems

Olaf Landsiedel

Networks and Distributed Systems

• What is…

– A computer network?

• Have you ever seen one?
• Have you ever used one?

– A distributed system?

• Have you ever seen one?
• Have you ever used one?

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Networks and Distributed Systems

• A Computer Network is is characterized by

– Bring data from A and B – By exchanging messages

• A Distributed System is characterized by

– Multiple devices – Connected by a network – Cooperating on some task

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Examples

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Internet Facebook, etc. Modern Cars Cloud Computing / Data Center Phone Network Power Grid

We teach you how to build large-scale systems

One more Example

• A modern computer is a distributed system

– Multi-core CPU – Multi-core GPU – …

• Actually

– Even a modern cell phone

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Distributed Systems vs. Networks

• Networking is worried about

– Sending a message from here to there – Not what you do with the message

• Distributed Systems

– Assume: There is a way to send messages – Focus: How you build a system using those messages – Teach you what things to do with a network

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HISTORY

Networks and Distributed Systems

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History

• In the examples

– Many different distributed systems and networks

• How did we get here

– Where do all these networks and distributed systems come from? – What is the trend?

• Will their number increase even more?

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Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1943

I think there is a world market for maybe five computers

Thomas J. Watson, 1943; Chairman and CEO of International Business Machines (IBM)

If this statement had been correct, we would not teach:

• Computer Networks, Distributed systems, …
• Or, more precisely no Computer Science

1969

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

ARPANET begins…with a deployment at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, and Utah (one computer per site)

1969, 29 Oct, 22:30: First data on the Internet

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

From UCLA to SRI: lo …. (crash of SRI machine)! Wanted to send “login” First full-login: about one hour later

1969, 29 Oct, 22:30: First data on the Internet

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Lessons Learned:

• 1. First words/letters on the Internet: “lo”
• 2. Not many things in the Internet work on the first try

1977

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1969à ß1977

Internet 2007 (just the backbone)

www2.research.att.com/~north/news/img/ATT_Labs_InternetMap_0730_10.pdf

1971

Ray Tomlinson creates first email program

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1974

TCP / IP defined by Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 2004: both received the Turing Award

1984

Paul Mockapetris introduces DNS

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Who invited the Web? Where was it invented?

1989 – The Web Emerges

Tim Berners-Lee writes Information Management: A proposal at CERN

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1990

First browser developed at CERN

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1991

First paper appears on the project at Hypertext conference à Only accepted as a poster!

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1993

Mosaic became the first graphical browser

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

CERN agrees to allow public use of web protocol royalty-free!

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1994

à Mosaic goes commercial (later becomes Netscape) à Traditional dialups (AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy) begin to sell Internet access. Jerrys Guide to the world wide web started … it eventually became Yahoo

Yahoo circa 1996

1995+

Amazon arrives and the commercialization of the web begins

Pre-me (<1979) Pre-you (<1989) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Amazon circa 1999

Today

• How many connected devices do you have?
• Many!

– Desktop – Laptop – (Smart)phone – Tablet – TV / gaming console – …

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Summary: A bit of History

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Mainframe age (60’s & 70’s): One computer for many PC age (80’s & 90’s): One computer for each, partially networked Cloud computing Mobile, ubiquitous computing (Today, > 2000): Many computers for each, networked Size per device Number of Devices

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• ,

e g l w , y e y connectivity when

• rk.

y e , t r s s s

• .

Networked consumer electronics Networked industries S e c

• n

d w a v e Networked everything Networked society

reach – consumer lifestyle efficiency efficiency

T h i r d w a v e F i r s t w a v e

Tomorrow?

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Today

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• ,

e g l w , y e y connectivity when

• rk.

y e , t r s s s

• .

Networked consumer electronics Networked industries S e c

• n

d w a v e Networked everything Networked society

reach – consumer lifestyle efficiency efficiency

T h i r d w a v e F i r s t w a v e

Tomorrow?

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Today 2020: More than 50 Billion connected devices (Ericsson)

• ,

e g l w , y e y connectivity when

• rk.

y e , t r s s s

• .

Networked consumer electronics Networked industries Second wave Networked everything Networked society

reach – consumer lifestyle efficiency efficiency

T h i r d w a v e F i r s t w a v e

Tomorrow? Networked Society!

• Networks and Distributed Systems touch all aspects of

daily life!

– Integral building block for our networked society – Strongly increasing in numbers – Result: Very good topic to study ;-)

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MASTER PROGRAM

Computer Systems and Networks

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https://www.chalmers.se/en/education/programmes/masters-info/Pages/Computer-systems-and-networks.aspx

Computer Systems and Networks

COURSES

Networks and Distributed Systems

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Courses

• Networks:

– EDA387 - Computer networks, LP1, 7.5 hec – EDA343, EDA344, LEU061 Datakommunikation, LP1, LP3, LP4. 7.5 hec (Bachelor)

• Operating Systems:

– EDA092/DIT400 Operating Systems, LP1, 7.5 hec

• Distributed Systems:

– Distributed Systems, LP2, 7.5hec, TDA596 (Chalmers), DIT240 (GU) – Distributed Systems advanced, LP3 – 7.5 hec, TDA297 (CTH), DIT290 (GU)

• Project Courses

– DAT295 - Autonomous and Cooperative Vehicular Systems, Lp2, 7.5hec – DAT300 - ICT support for adaptiveness and security in the smart grid, LP4, 7.5hec

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[Data Communication and later Computer networks]

Internet & its context + evolution

Course aims

• Learn well the basic data-networking

principles and methods, to follow constant change in the field

• Learn to deal with bigger problems by

breaking into small ones After completion of the course, you are able to

• distinguish network services, related

protocols, new systems relating with IoT, varying data flows and virtualization (Software Defined Networks)

• Understand and think possibilities and

constraints in the existing systems

• build and configure a working network

Internet of People

106-108

Internet of Things

107-109

Internet of Services

104-106

CPS- platforms

Smart Building Smart Grid Smart Factory Smart Home Social Web Business Web

continuous evolution ….

Course Operating Systems

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• Course covering how operating systems bridge

hardware / software and users.

• Broad spectrum, from:

Threads management in multicore CPUs Virtual memory Security

Courses Distributed Systems

• Learn to build large-scale distributed systems

– And the associated challenges

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Internet Facebook, etc. Modern Cars

Will I learn something useful?

• We hope so!

– This our key goal

• From an email we got from a former student

– ”[…] I'm […] making a living out of building distributed systems, […] rest assured I've been finding the contents of your course very useful. :)”

• Started working at Spotify
• We hope you will have a similar experience

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Computer Systems and Networks

Questions

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