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Nandakumar Janardhanan Institute for Global Environmental Strategies f l b l l Japan Presented at The Joint Japan IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School Tokaimura, Japan 11 29 June 2012 nanduj123@gmail.com Environmental Strategy

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Nandakumar Janardhanan f l b l l Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Japan Presented at The Joint Japan‐IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School Tokaimura, Japan nanduj123@gmail.com 11‐29 June 2012

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Environmental Strategy

 Environmental Strategy is a

plan to accomplish specific

Environmental Strategy

Economy‐Energy‐Environment: Inevitable Link

plan to accomplish specific environmental objectives

 Balancing environmental

Environmental

Inevitable Link

g health with political/economic priorities

 Why Environmental Strategy?

Environmental Impacts

Why Environmental Strategy?

 Need to Address

 Climate change

Energy Usage

Economic

Energy Consu mption

 Energy Usage  Environmental health  Pollution (Air, Water, Land)

E i t l d d ti

Targets

mption

 Environmental degradation  Resource depletion  Challenges to ecological balance

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…

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India: Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Health and Environmental Health

 Population 1 billion +, and with GDP growth rate

targeted at 9 10 percent India is a major economy the targeted at 9‐10 percent, India is a major economy the global east.

  Need to be a responsible player in the global efforts

towards climate change mitigation towards climate change mitigation

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Energy Scenario and Consumption Trend in India

 The growing

demand for energy

Trend in India

demand for energy is met by a mix of fuels including oil, natural gas, coal, g , , nuclear power, hydropower and alternative sources

 The total primary energy demand

for the country in 2010 is estimated to be more than 524.2 million tons Reserve / Production of Fuel types (India)

 Oil: 30 Years

5 4

equivalent (Mtoe). The demand was less than 300 Mtoe in the year 2000.

 Oil: 30 Years  Gas: 28 Years  Coal: 106 Years nanduj123@gmail.com

Source data for figures: BP statistical survey, 2009

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India: Energy Facts

 India to overtake Japan by around 2020 as the world’s third‐

India: Energy Facts

 India to overtake Japan by around 2020 as the world s third

largest spender on oil imports (EIA)

 India’s primary energy consumption to double by 2035

Indias primary energy consumption to double by 2035 from that in 2009 levels (480 MMTOE)

 India’s oil import will jump from 2.2 mb/d in 2009 to 6.7

p j p 9 7 mb/d by 2035

 About 400 million people in India does not have access to

electricity

 Renewable still account only for about 1 percent of total

ll d d l commercially traded primary energy supply

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Energy Related CO2 Emission in Asia Energy Related CO2 Emission in Asia

8,000.00 9,000.00 6,000.00 7,000.00 Ton CO2 4,000.00 5,000.00 lion Metric T

China India J

1,000.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 Mill

Japan

0.00 1,000.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year

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Strategies towards Addressing Climate Change Concerns

 India acceded to Kyoto Protocol in Aug 2002 came into

Change Concerns

 India acceded to Kyoto Protocol in Aug 2002, came into

force in Feb, 2005

 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA), under

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA), under BALI ACTION PLAN (2007, UNFCCC)

 India’s 8 Missions under NAPCC to play key role in emission

p y y reduction Plans

 India will endeavour to reduce the emissions intensity of its

GDP by 20‐25% by 2020 in comparison to the 2005 level (India’s Commitment to CoP, UNFCCC) ff l d ( l l )

 Domestic efforts: Supply side (nuclear, alternative sources)

and Demand side (energy efficiency and conservation) measures

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measures

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Environmental Strategy and Low Carbon Development in India Low Carbon Development in India

 Low Carbon Economy/Low Carbon Society: A society that

emits less carbon while meeting its economic goals g g

 Balancing environmental health with economic targets are

critical for India

 Developmental Paradox of India

 Poverty Alleviation ‐> Economic Development

N d f F il F l I i I t d d

 Need for Fossil Fuels ‐> Increasing Import dependency  Need to Develop Alternatives ‐> Cost/intermittency concerns  Growing Energy Demand ‐> Rise in Energy related emissions

Growing Energy Demand > Rise in Energy related emissions ‘Low carbon development’ has emerged to be the key pillar of environment strategy in India

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Strategies to put India into the low carbon orbit carbon orbit

 Cutting energy intensive developmental pathways

(Industrial Transport Sectors) (Industrial, Transport Sectors)

 Reducing fossil fuel dependency

P i l b h l i

 Promoting low carbon energy technologies  Increasing the share of alternative sources and Nuclear

i h i power in the energy mix

 Energy Transition

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Nuclear Power and CO2 Emission

 Nuclear energy is among those energy sources producing very low

levels of carbon dioxide emissions from their full life cycle.

Nuclear Power and CO2 Emission

 It is closely comparable with renewables such as wind, solar and hydro

in this respect. (WNA)

g/kWh CO2 Japan Sweden Finland WNA Coal 990 980 894‐ G h l 6 Gas thermal 653 1170‐ ‐ Gas combined cycle ‐ 450 472‐ S l h t lt i Solar photovoltaic 59 50 95‐ Wind 37 5.5 14‐ N l 6 6 Nuclear 22 610‐26 17 Hydro 18 3‐ ‐

Source: WNA nanduj123@gmail.com

Source: WNA

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Nuclear Power in the Environmental Context in India

 Fuel demand: Meeting the growing energy demand for low

Context in India

 Fuel demand: Meeting the growing energy demand for low

carbon development

 Cli

t Ch Mi i i i l t d i i th t

 Climate Change: Minimising energy related emission that

contributes to innumerable effects on environment, agriculture, life on planet, sea level rise, extreme weather conditions.

 Clean‐Air Benefits: Reducing energy related air pollution  Sustainable, low carbon development: critical component for

energy transition, low carbon energy mix. (Nuclear technology

plays critical role in agriculture, medicine, food plays critical role in agriculture, medicine, food preservation, industry and supports sustainable development)

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Inferences

 Nuclear Power is not a panacea for Environmental Challenges/ Climate

C h i h i ifi l l i h i l

Inferences

Concerns, however it has significant role to play in the environmental strategies of a country

 Climate change mitigation is one of the salient reasons for increasingly

considering nuclear power in national energy portfolios (IAEA).

 For India, nuclear to continue as a low carbon source, critical to

achieving the country’s climate mitigation commitments g y g

 Nuclear places significant importance in policies towards reducing the

li f f il f l i i dd i li i l reliance of fossil fuels, ensuring energy security, addressing geopolitical concerns on fuel supplies, meeting energy demand for achieving economic growth, eradicating poverty, promoting sustainable

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development

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Thank You Thank You

Nandakumar Janardhanan, Ph.D Energy Policy Researcher Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 2108‐11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240 0115 J 240‐0115 Japan nanduj123@gmail.com Data Sources used: EIA, Planning Commission (Govt of India), NAPCC (Govt of India), Nuclear Energy Institute (US), IAEA Views expressed in this presentation are of the author and do not reflect that of any organisation or of any government nanduj123@gmail.com