N elson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on - PDF document

Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) 1 Biography: N elson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was Hendry Mphakanyiswa of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand where he studied law. He joined the African National Congress in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party’s apartheid policies after 1948. He went on trial for treason in 1956-1961 and was acquitted in 1961. 1 “Nelson Mandela: President of South Africa” , Encyclopædia Britannica , www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela 200732 Bibliotheca Alexandrina-Library Sector Compiled by Abir Abdallah, Alaa Mahmoud & Dalia Abaza

After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC. In June 1961, the ANC executive considered his proposal on the use of violent tactics and agreed that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandela’s campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC. This led to the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe. Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment with hard labour. In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and the Umkhonto we Sizwe were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting to overthrow the government by violence. His statement from the dock received considerable international publicity. On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment. From 1964 to 1982, he was incarcerated at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town; thereafter, he was at Pollsmoor Prison, nearby on the mainland. During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela’s re putation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength. He consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom. Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into his life’s work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organization’s National Chairperson. 2 On his 80 th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife. True to his promise, Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President. He continued to work with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund he set up in 1995 and established the Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation. In April 2007 his grandson, Mandla Mandela, was installed as head of the Mvezo Traditional Council at a ceremony at the Mvezo Great Place. Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all who are oppressed and deprived; and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation. He died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013. 3 2 “Nelson Mandela: Biographical” , Nobel Prize, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/mandela/biographical/ 3 “Biography of Nelson Mandela”, Nelson Mandela Foundation , www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography 200732 Bibliotheca Alexandrina-Library Sector Compiled by Abir Abdallah, Alaa Mahmoud & Dalia Abaza

Selected Materials Available at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina Works by the Author Books: Mandela, Nelson . L’apartheid: Précédé d'une lettre de Breyten Breytenbach. Introduction by Breyten Breytenbach . Documents. Paris: Minuit, 1986. BA Call Number: KIT 1292698 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson . Conversations with Myself . New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. BA Call Number: 968.065092 M2715c (F1) Mandela, Nelson . I am Prepared to Die . London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, 1979. BA Call Number: KIT 1295879 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson . In His Own Words . Edited by Kader Asmal, David Chidester and Wilmot James. New York, NY: Little, Brown, 2003. BA Call Number: 968.064092 M2715 2003 (F1) Mandela, Nelson . El largo camino hacia la libertad: La autobiogra fi ́ a de Nelson Mandela . Translated by Antonio Resines and Herminia Bevia. Madrid: El Pais Aguilar, 1995. BA Call Number: 968.065092 M2715 (F1) Mandela, Nelson . Let Freedom Reign: The Words of Nelson Mandela . Selection and Introduction by Henry Russell. Foreword by André Brink. Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2010. BA Call Number: 082 M2715 2010 (B4) Mandela, Nelson . Un Long chemin vers la liberté: Autobiographie . Translated by Jean Guiloineau. Le livre de poche 14063. Paris: Librairie Générale Française, 1996. BA Call Number: BnF 399569 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- BnF Collection) Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography . London: Little, Brown, 1994. BA Call Number: KIT 1265945 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson . Mandela: An Illustrated Autobiography . Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1996. BA Call Number: KIT 1258367 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson . Nelson Mandela, l’œil et le mot . Illustrated by William Wilson. L’œil et le mot. Paris: Mango-Jeunesse, 2001. BA Call Number: BnF 331226 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- BnF Collection) 200732 Bibliotheca Alexandrina-Library Sector Compiled by Abir Abdallah, Alaa Mahmoud & Dalia Abaza

Mandela, Nelson . Nelson Mandela Speaks: Speeches, Statements and Articles . South African Studies ANC 4. London: Publicity and Information Bureau African National Congress – South Africa, [1973]. BA Call Number: KIT 1433342 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson . No Easy Walk to Freedom: Articles, Speeches and Trial Addresses . Foreword by Ruth First. African Writers Series 123. London: Heinemann, 1973. BA Call Number: KIT 1419507 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson . Selected Speeches and Writings of Nelson Mandela: The End of Apartheid in South Africa . St. Petersburg, FL: Red and Black Publishers, 2010. BA Call Number: 352.2380968 M2715 (B2) Mandela, Nelson . The Struggle is My Life: His Speeches and Writings Brought together to Mark his 60 th Birthday, also Included are Historical Documents and a Recent Account of Conditions on Robben Island . London: International Defence and Aid Fund, 1978. BA Call Number: KIT 1271454 (B4 -- Closed Stacks -- KIT Collection) Mandela, Nelson, and Fidel Castro . How Far we Slaves Have Come!: South Africa and Cuba in Today's World . New York, NY: Pathfinder, 1991. BA Call Number: 327.6807291 M2715 (B2) Mandela, Nelson. In the Words of Nelson Mandela . Compiled and Edited by Jennifer Crwys-Williams. New York, NY: Walker, 2011. BA Call Number: 968.065092 M27155 (F1) نوسلين ،لبيدنام . جأ نم ةليوطلا يتلحر بونج ةيروهمج سيئرل ةيتاذلا ةريسلا :ةيرحلا لإايقيرف . .سماشلا روشاع ةمجرت بونج . 1998 ، Spal :ايقيرفإ BA Call Number: 968.06092 M2715r (F1) Also available as e-book : http://dar.bibalex.org/webpages/mainpage.jsf?PID=DAF-Job:10516 نوسلين ،لبيدنام . ةيتاذلا ةريسلا :ةيرحلا وحن ةليوط ةريسم .رصن ةمطاف ةمجرت . ركاذة ةفاقثلا2 . ،ةديدجلا روطس :ةرهاقلا2008. BA Call Number: 968.06092 M2715m 2008 (F1) نوسلين ،لبيدنام . تاركذم يسفن عم يراوح :لبيدنام نوسلين. ناورسك دمحم نانح ةمجرتت . ميدقامابوأ كاراب. وريب ةكرش :ت تاعوبطملا ،2013. BA Call Number: 968.065092 M2715m (F1) 200732 Bibliotheca Alexandrina-Library Sector Compiled by Abir Abdallah, Alaa Mahmoud & Dalia Abaza