Multiscale and Multiphysics Behavior of Heterogenous Quasi-Brittle Materials: From Concrete to Rock. Gianluca Cusatis Special Lecture Tokyo Institute of Technology July 25, 2018 1 / 49 July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Acknowledgments Collaborators Weixin Li, Northwestern University, Evanston (IL), USA. Lin Wan & Roman Wendner, BOKU, Wien, Austria. Financial Support Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN) SEGIM Center 2 / 49 July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Presentation Outline Civil Engineering at Northwestern University 1 Motivation For Shale Research 2 Fluid Transport in Fractured Shale 3 Martian Concrete 4 Conclusions 5 3 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Northwestern University 4 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
US News and World Report Ranking (2013) 1 Princeton University 2 Harvard University 3 Yale University 4 Columbia University 5 Stanford University 6 University of Chicago 7 Duke University 8 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 9 University of Pennsylvania 10 California Institute of Technology 11 Dartmouth College 12 Johns Hopkins University 13 Northwestern University 14 Brown University 15 Washington University 5 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Northwestern Multiple Campuses and Schools Judd A. and Marjorie Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences (1851) School of Communication (1878) School of Continuing Studies (1933) School of Education and Social Policy (1926) Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science (1909) Graduate School (1910) Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications (1921) School of Law (1859) J.L. Kellogg School of Management (1908) Feinberg School of Medicine (1859) Henry and Leigh Bienen School of Music (1895) Northwestern University in Qatar (2008) 6 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science (McC) Faculty: 180 Undergraduates: 1,700 undergraduate students Graduate Students: 581 (MS) and 762 (PhD) Biomedical Engineering Chemical and Biological Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Engineering 7 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering 8 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
SEGIM Center Launched in Summer 2014 13 Affiliated Faculty Currently PIs are funded with grants from NSF, DOE, NRC, ONR, and ERDC SEGIM seminar series featuring weekly presentations from external and internal speakers Internal Reports on newly completed research projects are periodically published on the center website and self-archived on http://arxiv.org/ 9 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
SEGIM Center Mission Our Mission is to establish partnerships with industry, federal agencies, and national laboratories to develop the scientific knowledge and technological know-how for the sustainable engineering of geological and infrastructure materials . Our vision is to lead the technical community to future engineering practices that advance the development of natural energy resources and the growth of the built environment in a way that is economically viable, environmentally safe, and benefits the society on the whole. 10 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Sustainability and Resilience Sustainability and Resilience are the two key characteristics of modern infrastructures. Scientists, engineers, educators and policy makers have the responsibility to ensure that our infrastructures are SURE – both SU stainable and RE silient. Infrastructure growth Inftrastructure aging Preservation of hystorical heritage 11 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Some of my current research thrusts Experimental and Computational Characterization of Ultra-High Performance, Fiber Reinforced Concrete (NSF, ERDC) Dynamic Behavior of Concrete (ERDC) Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) Deterioration of Concrete Structures: Experiments and Multiscale Computations (DHS, NRC) Multiscale and Multiphysiscs Modeling of Concrete (NSF, NRC) Multiscale Modeling of Sandstone and Shale (ISEN) Experimental and Computational Characterization of Waterless Martian Concrete (unfunded) 12 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
My research group today 1 Post-Doc (Weixin Li) 5 PhD Students (Chenyang, Madura, Faysal, Matthew, Elham) 3 MS Students (Xin, Boqin,Tianjiao) 4 Visiting Students (Michele, Lin, Zhongfeng, Jiaojiao) Some of my research group alumni: Roozbeh Rezakhani Post-Doc at EPFL; Mohammed Alnaggar, Assistant professor at RPI; Jovanca Smith, Assistant Professor at the University of West Indies; Marco Salviato, Assistant Professor at the University of Washington; Congrui Jin, Assistant Professor at SUNY-Binghamton. 13 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Granular and Porous Structure of Quasi-Brittle Materials Heterogeneity and fluid/gas filled porosity are key featured shared by many quasi-brittle materials. 14 / 49 Civil Engineering at Northwestern University July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Presentation Outline Civil Engineering at Northwestern University 1 Motivation For Shale Research 2 Fluid Transport in Fractured Shale 3 Martian Concrete 4 Conclusions 5 15 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Energy Sources in the US 16 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Natural Gas Production in the US 17 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Fracking 18 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Shale is Important for Other Applications Too 19 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Multiscale Character of Black Shale Key aspects Poro-mechanical behavior at multiple length scales Material anisotropy & heterogeneity Influence of anisotropy on elastic and inelastic behavior Effect of fracture on permeability 20 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Scale 6 :: Geometry and Kinematic at Grain level Geometry 3D cell Discrete compatibility IJ I m y IJ 2 t JI m J I y JI t J 2 y I 1 J c I c J I C y y y J y 1 (b) (c) Facet Strains ǫ α = 1 r � u C � · e α ; � u C � = 1 U J + Θ J × c J − U I − Θ I × c I � � r 21 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Scale 6 :: Constitutive Equations and Equilibrium Constitutive Laws Fracture and cohesion due to tension and tension-shear � � ε = ε 2 N + α ( ε 2 M + ε 2 L ) , t = t 2 N + ( t M + t L ) 2 /α t N = ( t/ε ) ε N ; t M = α ( t/ε ) ε M ; t L = α ( t/ε ) ε L . σ bt = σ 0 ( ω ) exp [ − H 0 ( ω ) � ε − ε 0 ( ω ) � /σ 0 ( ω )] ; Compaction and pore collapse from compression − σ bc ( ε D , ε V ) ≤ t N ≤ 0 ; σ bc = σ c 0 + �− ε V − ε c 0 � H c ( r DV ) ; Frictional Behavior ˙ ε p M ) ˙ ε p t M = E T ( ˙ ε M − ˙ t L = E T ( ˙ ε L − ˙ L ) ; � ϕ = t 2 M + t 2 L − σ bs ( t N ) σ bs = σ s + ( µ 0 − µ ∞ ) σ N 0 [1 − exp( t N /σ N 0 )] − µ ∞ t N Translational and rotational equilibrium equations of each particle I = � U I − V I b 0 = � F I A t IJ ; F I A ( c I × t IJ + m IJ ) u ¨ θ ¨ M I M I Θ 22 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Scale 6 :: Material Microscale Anisotropy Source of Anisotropy Preferred orientation of clay minerals 1 Oriented distribution of organic matter 2 Transverse Isotropy The LDPM model parameters are formulated as function of the angle θ The selected functional form of the variation with orientation is a sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ � − 1 � f ( θ ) = 80 60 E N 40 20 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 θ 23 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Scale 6 :: Material Microscale Anisotropy, Cont. Elastic behavior β N sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ � − 1 � E N ( θ ) = E N 0 β T sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ � − 1 � E T ( θ ) = E T 0 β N sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ α ( θ ) = E T ( θ ) E N ( θ ) = α 0 β T sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ Fracture and cohesion σ t ( θ ) = σ t 0 ( β t sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) − 1 σ s ( θ ) = σ s 0 ( β s sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) − 1 β t sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ � − 2 l t σ 2 � G t = l t σ 2 t 0 t = β N sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ � − 1 2 E N � 2 E N 0 Frictional behavior µ 0 = µ 00 ( β µ sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) − 1 24 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
Scale 5 :: Modeling of Bedding Planes Marcellus shale from Sandstone with Layered oil well shale outcrop (Woodford) cross-bedding Eagle Ford shale Results from changing depositional environment Leads to layering of properties: different texture , porosity , and strength at different layers 25 / 49 Motivation For Shale Research July-2018 :: Gianluca Cusatis
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