MSW fjred indirect combined cycle plant: A novel solutjon to waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MSW fjred indirect combined cycle plant: A novel solutjon to waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 12, 2024 251 likes •525 views

MSW fjred indirect combined cycle plant: A novel solutjon to waste management and power for India Dr. Sudip Ghosh Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah

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  • Dr. Sudip Ghosh

Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah -711103, West Bengal, India

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MSW fjred indirect combined cycle plant: A novel solutjon to waste management and power for India

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”A world in transformation”

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”The boom years for coal are over ” – World Energy Outlook 2017

We are on a hurried path of changes

Large-scale shifus in the global energy system :

  • Rapid deployment of clean energy technologies
  • Falling cost of renewables
  • Solar, Wind, Hydro and Biomass lead the RE campaign

”Global energy demand is 30% higher by 2040”– WEO 2017

IIEST/SG

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Issues with Renewables

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No uniform formula to decide right energy mix

Diverse sources: Sun, air, water, biomass, geothermal Equally diverse technologies for energy conversion Varied resource mix at country or region levels Difgerent levels of development and maturatjon Most technologies at low conversion effjciency Not yet fjt to cater to base load contjnuous generatjon Technologies have difgerent carbon emission implicatjons

IIEST/SG

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Waste Conversion: Clean-Tech!

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Waste conversion fits in well as a competing clean technology Traditional biomass conversion technologies like combustion and gasification, also apply to MSW. Besides that, MSW conversion has inherent disposal solution Municipal Soloid Waste (MSW) is considered as local sources for a city or municipal area (self-sustaining too, in the sense that city keeps on generating resources on daily basis, generation volume predictable )

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Present work

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Here we present the confjguratjon, thermal design and analysis of a combined cycle plant, fuelled by segregated municipal solid waste (MSW). Energy, exergy and environmental (3-E) analysis along with optjmizatjon study of the plant is carried

  • ut and reported.
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Present work

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We took the city named Chandanagar (22.87°N, 88.38°E), a highly populated municipal area, located near Kolkata and governed by a municipal corporatjon, as the case study. As per the report of the Chandanagar Corporatjon, about 46 tonnes of raw waste is generated on a daily basis (2017-2018)

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Waste disposal

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IIEST/SG

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MSW Analysis

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IIEST/SG Proximate Analysis Ultimate Analysis LHV theoretical LHV actual C: 40-50 % H: 5.5-6.6 % O: 30-35 % N: 0.6-1.2 % S: 0.1-0.5 % Cl: 0.9-1.7 % Ash- Rest Volatile matter: 50-80 % Fixed carbon: 10-18 % Ash: 6-12 % Heavy metals Cd:1 % Cr: <10 % Hg: 0.002% Pb: 39% As: <1% Se: <0.005% 14668.77 (kJ/kg) 13566.7 (kJ/kg)

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Gasification: A versatile route

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Gasification

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  • A thermo-chemical process in which solid biomass

is partially oxidized to yield combustible producer gas.

  • Major components of producer gas: CH4, H2, CO,

CO2, H2O and N2.

  • LHV of Producer gas 4-6 MJ/N m3 (gasifying

agent Air)

  • LHV of Producer gas 12-18 MJ/N m3 (gasifying

agent Steam/Oxygen)

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Gasifier-Gas Engine: A popular generation option

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Disturbing Issues

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Low Overall efficiency (16-20%). Extensive gas cleaning and cooling requirement. High cost of operation and maintenance.

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Gas Cleaning

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Cleaning needs for ICE/GT

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IIEST/SG Impurities Unit IC Engines Gas Turbines Particulates (size) mg/Nm3 (µm) <50 (<10) <30 (<5) Tars mg/Nm3 <100 <10.0- Alkali metals mg/Nm3 <0.1 <0.1 N species ppm(v)

  • <50

S species ppm(v) <20 <20 Halides ppm(v)

  • <1
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Replace Fired Engine/GT with indirect Heating

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No need of gas cooling & cleaning No corrosion and erosion , particulate deposition : GT safe Clean GT exhaust; recyclable No fired GT Operates on low-cost and dirt fuels Combustor Heat Exchanger

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Externally Fired Combined Cycle

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Segregated materials

Waste SEG

CC AT HP ST SUP EVAP ECO P COND HRSG Stack C1

A F

RH LP ST HX C2

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MSW Combined Cycle: Model

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3 1 2 1 1

. } ) ( ) {(

gen C gen P LPST HPST gen C GT net

W W W W W W W         

Net power output from the plant is calculated as Annualized electricity delivered (MWeh) by the plant is determined as

1000 / ) 1 .( 8760 . .

network

  • n

distributi net annual

L CUF W P  

CUF represents Capital Utjlizatjon Factor (taken as 0.5, as the plant

  • peratjng hour is 12 h a day basis)

Overall electrical effjciency of the plant is calculated as

waste waste net

  • verall

LHV m W .  

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MSW Combined Cycle: Model

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Exergetjc effjciency of the plant as well for the plant components is calculated as: Environmental performance of the plant is evaluated via determining the specifjc CO2 emission as well as the sustainability index (SI). The specifjc fuel exergy is given by

fuel product ex

Ex Ex  

waste waste

LHV Ex .  

) / .( 4124 . 1 ) / . 0531 . 1 ).( / ( 34493 . ) / ( 016 . 044 . 1 C O C H C O C H      

net CO CO

W . . N 3600 44

2 2 

) ( SI

plant , exergetic

   1 1

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Parametric Assumptions

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Component Parameter/s Value Ref CC Operating pressure (bar) Pressure drop (bar) 1.013 0.05 Mondal & Ghosh 2017 [21] Datta et al., 2009 [22] HX Pressure drop at air side Pressure drop at gas side 3 % of inlet pressure 1.5% of inlet pressure Datta et al., 2009 [22] C1 Isentropic efficiency (%) 87 Mondal & Ghosh 2017 [21] C2 Isentropic efficiency (%) 90 GT Isentropic efficiency (%) Mechanical Efficiency (%) 86 95 HPST Isentropic efficiency (%) Inlet pressure (bar) Inlet temperature (oC) 85 18 320 Mondal & Ghosh 2017 [21] LPST Isentropic efficiency (%) Inlet pressure (bar) Inlet temperature (oC) 85 5 (18% of HP) 300 HRSG Pinch point temperature difference

  • f the Evaporator (oC)

10 Mondal & Ghosh 2017 [21] Cond. ST exhaust pressure (bar) 0.1 Mondal & Ghosh 2017 [21] P Isentropic efficiency (%) 85% Other assumptions Environmental damage cost due to CO2 emission 0.0145 $/kg Jana & De, 2015 [23] Environmental damage cost due to land filling 12.8 Euro/t of waste Rabl et al., 2008 [9] Plant operating hours 12h-a day basis Loss in transmission line 5%

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Base Case Performance

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Parameter Unit Value

Net GT output kWe 2327.31 ST1+ST2 output kWe 913.28 Net GT-ST work ratio

  • 3.44

Net electrical efficiency % 44.236 Annualized electricity delivered MWh 12498.73 Electrical specific CO2 emission kg/kWh 0.96 Sustainability index

  • 1.62

Environmental damage cost due to CO2 emission from the plant $/Y 168845.6 Environmental damage cost due to land filling $/Y 247148.8 Environmental savings compared to land filling $/Y 78303.2

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Parametric performance

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4 6 8 10 12 14 16 36 38 40 42 44 46

Net Plants' Electrical Efficiency (%) Topping Compressor Outlet Pressure (bar)

TIT=900

  • C

TIT=1000

  • C

TIT=1100

  • C

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Net GT-ST Work Ratio Topping Compressor Outlet Pressure (bar)

TIT=900

  • C

TIT=1000

  • C

TIT=1100

  • C

Energetjc performance at varying pressure ratjon of GT

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Parametric performance

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Exergy destructjon and useful exergy

C1+C2 Loss Useful Others CC ST1+ST2 GT HX 2.59% 42.18% 5.43% 2.36% 9.13% 2.56% 1.77% 33.98%

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Parametric performance

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4 6 8 10 12 14 16 90.0 90.5 91.0 91.5 92.0 92.5 93.0 93.5 94.0 94.5

Exergy Efficiency of the HX (%)

Topping Compressor Outlet Pressure (bar) TIT=900

  • C

TIT=1000

  • C

TIT=1100

  • C

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

Exergy Efficiency of the CC (%) Topping Compressor Outlet Pressure (bar)

TIT=900

  • C

TIT=1000

  • C

TIT=1100

  • C

Energetjc performance of CC and HX varying pressure ratjon og GT

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Parametric performance

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Environmental performance: Specifjc CO2 emission as well as the sustainability index (SI).

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0.84 0.88 0.92 0.96 1.00 1.04 1.08

Specific CO

2 Emission (kg/kW eh)

Toppong Compresssor Outlet Pressure (bar) TIT=900

  • C

TIT=1000

  • C

TIT=1100

  • C

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.65 1.68

Sustainability Index Topping Compressor Outlet Pressure (bar)

TIT=900

  • C

TIT=1000

  • C

TIT=1100

  • C
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Conclusion

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The study confjrms that, such kind of small scale ofg-grid plant can be benefjcial for both sustainable MSW management as well as generatjon of electricity from MSW to meet the utjlity power need of the city. It is observed that, the plant can produce 3 MWe net electrical

  • utput at an overall effjciency value of about 44% giving

annual productjon of about 12500 MWh. The specifjc CO2 emission is 0.96 kg/kWh and SI value is 1.62 at base case. Furthermore it is observed that, annual environmental damage saving is about 78303$ at base case.

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Thank you

Contact: sudipghosh.becollege@gmail.com ghoshsudip@mech.iiests.ac.in

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