MEDP/FILMP 160: Film and Media in a Digital Age Hunter College - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MEDP/FILMP 160: Film and Media in a Digital Age Hunter College - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 24, 2022 23 likes •507 views

MEDP/FILMP 160: Film and Media in a Digital Age Hunter College Dept. of Film and Media Studies FALL 2012 Profs Hurbis Cherrier & Lucas Camera plus film... ... a mechanical and a chemical medium The motion picture camera owes its

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MEDP/FILMP 160: Film and Media in a Digital Age

Hunter College

  • Dept. of Film and Media Studies

FALL 2012 Profs Hurbis Cherrier & Lucas

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Camera plus film...

... a mechanical and a chemical medium

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  • The motion

picture camera

  • wes its origins

to a variety of previous inventions…

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The Camera Obscura

  • Camera Obscura

means “Dark Chamber”. A hole in the wall allowed light to ‘paint a picture’ inside the room.

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A Painter’s Tool

  • Painters began

using the “camera obscura’

  • during the

Renaissance to help create ‘realistic’ images for new patrons.

“View of Delft” by Vermeer c.1660

View of Delft Today...

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Adding a Lens makes the unit portable and the image size adjustable

  • Artist Using a Portable ‘Camera Obscura’
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The Magic Lantern

Adding a light source to the Camera Obscura meant both a reversal of its logic, and a new form

  • f entertainment.

Here we see a Magic Lantern man with his projector.

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The Sewing Machine!

Mass Production & Repetitive Motion were developed in late 19th Century Devices such as the Sewing Machine, the Typewriter and the Repeating Rifle led to the production capability needed to make the movie camera.

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Victorian optical toys

Thaumatrope

Zoetrope

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The Zoetrope

This device was

  • ne of many

19th century toys to take advantage of

“SHORT RANGE APPARENT MOTION”

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The Invention of Film

In the late 1830’s the development of a science of chemistry meant that inventors in England and France were able to use the properties of SILVER NITRATE to create images with light.

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Talbot was an artist who used a ‘camera obscura’ as a drawing aid and made some of the first photographs. For him, film, even without a camera, was also an alternative to his sketchbook.

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Eadward Muybridge

Muybridge was a photographer who got involved in a settling a question for former California governor and race horse

  • wner Leland Stanford. “Did

all four hooves of the horse leave the ground in running,

  • r did one stay in touch?
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  • In the late 1870s Muybridge

invented a special high-speed shutter and a system of multiple cameras with strings that the horse would trip while galloping.

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  • While Muybridge

never animated his images himself, his work is considered a predecessor of both film and animated moving image making.

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Edison’s Kinetoscope 1891

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Lumiere’s movie camera - 1895

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The Flip Book

  • A modern version of

the zoetrope is the ‘flip book’, a short animated story designed to be watched by thumbing through it very quickly.

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Clip from Pioneers of Cinema

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how film cameras work

link

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how the camera gate works

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the film shutter

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frame rate

  • flip book = 10 fps
  • early film cameras = 16 fps
  • modern cameras = 24 fps
  • video = 30 fps (NTSC)
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double vs. single system sound

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The Portapak -1968

First easy-to-use and fairly portable alternative to film...

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DIGITAL VIDEO

Electronic binary data processing 30 frames per second (29.97 fps)

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The CCD

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Light-lens-CCD-voltage-data-storage Light-lens-CCD-voltage-data-storage Light-lens-CCD-voltage-data-storage Light-lens-CCD-voltage-data-storage Light-lens-CCD-voltage-data-storage Light-lens-CCD-voltage-data-storage

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LUMINANCE = Brightness (B&W) CHROMINANCE = Color Information (Red, Green, Blue)

COLOR SPACE = YRB Y = Green + Luminance R = Red B = Blue

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INTERLACED SCANNING

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How Big is a Frame?

Standard Def video 720 x 486 pixels Hi Def video 1280 x 720 1920 x 1080px

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1

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“uncompressed video”

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File Compression

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Compression

  • Storage method that involves

eliminating redundant information to reduce file size

  • Various “codecs” exist to do this
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Digital video formats

  • TAPE-BASED
  • Mini-DV
  • DV-Cam
  • DVC-Pro
  • DigiBeta

FILE-BASED AVCHD P2 XDcam

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time code

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video standards (SD)

NTSC = 525 lines at 30 frames per second PAL = 625 at 25 frames per second.

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