Massachuse(s)Toxics)Use)Reduc1on)Act) (TURA):)Reducing)the)Use)of)Carcinogens) Rachel'Massey' Senior'Associate'Director'&'Policy'Program'Manager' Massachuse8s'Toxics'Use'Reduc=on'Ins=tute' ' World'Cancer'Congress' August'30,'2012'
Overview ) • TURA:'How'it'works' • TURA'results:'All'reportable'chemicals' • TURA'results:'Carcinogens' • Reducing'carcinogen'use:'Examples' • Related'efforts'in'other'jurisdic=ons'
How)TURA)Works ) Users)of)large)amounts)of)toxic) chemicals)must:) – Report '' toxics)use ' – Pay '' fees)) • Funds)support)services)to)industry) – Plan, toxics)reduc1on)
TURA)Structure:)) Implemen1ng)Agencies) Massachuse8s'Department'of' Environmental'Protec=on'(MassDEP)' Office'of'Technical'Assistance'and' Technology'(OTA)' Toxics'Use'Reduc=on'Ins=tute'(TURI)'
Repor1ng:)Focus)on)USE ) Waste / Emissions InUplant'treatment' ' or'recycling ' Byproduct Raw Product Material Produc=on'Unit '
Toxics)Use)Reduc1on)Planning) • Facili=es'iden=fy' op=ons;'conduct' EH&S,'technical,'&' financial'analysis' • Planning'is' mandatory;' implementa=on'is' voluntary' • Plan'must'be'signed' by'cer=fied'planner'
TUR)Techniques) • Input'subs=tu=on' • Product'reformula=on' • Produc=on'unit' redesign,'modifica=on,' or'moderniza=on' • Improved'opera=ons'&' maintenance' • Integral'recycling'
Industry)Sectors)Subject)to)TURA:) Examples ) • Chemical'distributors'&'formulators' • Dry'cleaners' • Electronics'manufacturers' • Manufacturers'of'industrial'equipment' • Medical'device'manufacturers' • Metal'finishers'and'platers' • Military'&'aerospace'contractors' • Municipal'waste'incinerators' • Paint'formulators' • Plas=cs'compounders'
Limita1ons)of)TURA ) • Sectors''not'covered' – Government,'higher'educa=on,'health'care,' R&D' • 10'employee'threshold' • Toxics'in'consumer'products' '
TURA)Results,)1990)S)2005) Total Use 40% ↓ 800 600 400 200 0 Y ear On-Site Releases 25 20 91% ↓ 15 10 5 0 Y ear
Results)2000)S)2009)
Economic)Benefits) ) of)Toxics)Use)Reduc1on ) • Savings'in'opera=ng'costs'from'TUR'implementa=on:' – $88'million'from'1990'to'1997' – $43'to'$50'million'from'2000'to'2009' • Reduced'costs'for'OSHA'and'EPA'compliance,' occupa=onal'illness'and'lost'work'days . ' • Improved'regulatory'compliance,'reducing'fines'and' penal=es.' • Enhanced'compe==veness'in'interna=onal'markets.''
Use)of)Carcinogens)under)TURA) • How'are'we'doing'with'regard'to'protec=ng' workers'and'communi=es'from'carcinogen' exposures?'' • Where'are'there'opportuni=es'for'us'to'do' more?''
Use)of)Carcinogens)under)TURA) We'considered'chemicals'that'have'been' reported'under'TURA'and'are'on'one'of' the'following'lists:' – IARC:'Groups'1,'2A' – IRIS:'Groups'A,'B1,'B2' – NTP'“known”'and'“reasonably' an=cipated”'to'be'a'human'carcinogen'
Figure 5: Total Use of Known or Suspected Carcinogens TURA Program, 1990-2010 600,000,000" 500,000,000" 400,000,000" Pounds 300,000,000" 200,000,000" 100,000,000" 0" 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Figure 6: Total Environmental Releases of Known or Suspected Carcinogens TURA Program, 1990-2010 9,000,000" 8,000,000" 7,000,000" Pounds 6,000,000" 5,000,000" 4,000,000" 3,000,000" 2,000,000" 1,000,000" 0" 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Known)or)Suspected)Mammary) Carcinogens)reported)under)TURA,) 1990S2010) • 1,2UDibromoU3Uchloropropane' • Carbon'tetrachloride' • 1,3UButadiene' • Methylene'chloride' • 1,4UDioxane' • Dioxin'and'dioxin'compounds' • 2UMethylaziridine'' • Ethylene'dichloride' • 3,3'UDichlorobenzidine' • Ethylene'oxide' dihydrochloride' • Hexachlorobenzene' • 4,4'UMethylene'bis(2U • Hydrazine' chloroaniline)' • Nitrobenzene' • Acetaldehyde' • o UAminoazotoluene'' • Acrylonitrile' • Polychlorinated'biphenyls'' • Benzene' • Styrene'monomer' • Toluene'Diisocyanate''
Figure 11: Known & Suspected Breast & Mammary Gland Carcinogens Total Use TURA Program, 1990-2010 20,000,000% 18,000,000% 16,000,000% 14,000,000% 12,000,000% Pounds 10,000,000% 8,000,000% 6,000,000% 4,000,000% 2,000,000% ! 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Figure 12: Known & Suspected Breast & Mammary Gland Carcinogens Total Environmental Releases TURA Program, 1990-2010 1,800,000% 1,600,000% 1,400,000% 1,200,000% 1,000,000% Pounds 800,000% 600,000% 400,000% 200,000% ! 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Use of Known/Suspected Breast/Mammary Carcinogens: Primary Industries TURA Program, 1990-2010 Rank Chemical Total in 2010 % Change Primary Industry Sectors # of Facilities (1990- Name (latest year of (1990-2010) Reporting 2010) TURA data) (2010) USE Styrene 1. 292,654,148 -26% Plastic materials and resins; Chemical distribution 11 Monomer Toluene Plastics resins manufacturing; Paints; Plastic foam 2. 12,750,614 +561% 4 Diisocyanate products Methylene Chemicals and allied products (primarily paints, 3. 3,387,455 -56% 11 Chloride pharmaceuticals and adhesives); Chemical distribution ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES Methylene Chemicals and allied products primarily paints, 1. 21,672 -99% 11 Chloride pharmaceuticals and adhesives); Chemical distribution Styrene 2. 9,847 -98% Plastic materials and resins; Chemical distribution 11 Monomer 3. Acetaldehyde 9,900* -91%* Plastics materials and resins 0 *2005 was the last year facilities reported use of acetaldehyde !
TURA)Program)Ac1vi1es)Related)to) Reducing)Carcinogen)Use:)Examples) • Small)Business)Grants)&)Demonstra1on)Sites) – Reducing'the'use'of' perchloroethylene, in' dry'cleaning' – Reducing'the'use'of' hexavalent,chromium, in'metal'finishing'and'pla=ng'
Perchloroethylene))in)Dry)Cleaning) • Promoting shift to wet cleaning • Grants • Technical assistance • Demonstration sites
Reducing)Carcinogen)Use:)Examples,) cont’d) • OnSsite)Technical)Assistance ' – Reducing'the'use'of' formaldehyde 'in'electroless' silver'&'copper'pla=ng'processes' – Reducing'the'use'of' trichloroethylene,and,other, halogenated,solvents, in'surface'cleaning' • Supply'Chain'Work'Groups' – Reducing'the'use'of' hexavalent,chromium, in' military'&'aerospace'applica=ons' – Reducing'the'use'of' phthalates, in'wire'&'cable''
Trichloroethylene Total Use, TURA Program 1990-2010 6,000,000% 5,000,000% 4,000,000% Pounds 3,000,000% 2,000,000% 1,000,000% ! 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Methylene Chloride Total Use, TURA Program 1990-2010 12,000,000% 10,000,000% 8,000,000% Pounds 6,000,000% 4,000,000% 2,000,000% ! 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Company)Case)Study:)Gentex)Op1cs) • Reduced'solvents' used'in'the'coa=ng' process'by'87%.' • Reduced'emissions' up'to'90%.' • Reduced'water'use'by ' 4.5'million'gallons'per ' year,'or'34%.'
Company)Case)Study:)A.W.)Chesterton) • Eliminated'12'tons'of'chlorinated'solvent'waste;' saved'over'$113,000'by'switching'to'waterUbased' cleaners.' • Reduced'overall'regulated'waste'by'40%;'direct' savings'of'$47,000'by'using'safer'or'more'efficient' materials'or'formula=ons .'
Reducing)Carcinogen)Use:)Examples,) cont’d) • University'Research' – Alterna=ves'to' formaldehyde 'in'adhesive' formula=ons' – Alterna=ves'to' styrene, in'polymer' applica=ons'
Trends:)Limita1ons)of)the)Data) • Trade'secret'claims'' • Changes'in'repor=ng'thresholds' – Higher'Hazard'Substance'designa=ons:'1,000'lbs'' – TRI'PBTs'have'thresholds'ranging'from'.1'gram'to' 100'pounds.''' • Changes'in'repor=ng'requirements'(e.g.' addi=on'of'chemicals'to'the'list;'addi=on'of' sectors)'
Formaldehyde Total Use, TURA Program 1990-2010 14,000,000% 12,000,000% 10,000,000% Pounds 8,000,000% 6,000,000% 4,000,000% 2,000,000% ! 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Lead and Compounds Total Use, TURA Program 1990-2010 16,000,000% 14,000,000% 12,000,000% 10,000,000% Pounds 8,000,000% 6,000,000% 4,000,000% 2,000,000% ! 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Policy)Efforts) – Emerging'concerns:'e.g.'nUpropyl'bromide' – Higher'Hazard'Substances:'Lowering' repor=ng'threshold'for'substances'of' par=cular'concern' – Regula=ng'hexavalent'chromium'separately' from'other'chromium'compounds'
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