Marijuana in Michigan: What’s Happening Now? Kathryn Tate - Community Integration Leader
Objectives Provide information on today’s marijuana Describe how legalization negatively effects our youth Explain the legislative landscape of medical and recreational marijuana in Michigan Address differences between medical and recreational laws Compare and contrast recreational marijuana laws and Michigan’s proposed ballot initiative Provide resources to allow Michigan citizens to educate themselves to make the best decision possible for Michigan youth because they are our future
Marijuana Today Forms Joint, Dab, Vape, Edibles, Hash, Concentrates THC levels Plants Genetically modified to increase THC from ~4% to 20%, or higher Concentrates 40-80% THC Source : National Institute on Drug Abuse Photo Credit: smartcolorado.org
FDA Regulated Medications Cesamet TM (Nabilone) Epidiolex TM Synthetic THC based Plant derived CBD Chemo-induced nausea Seizures and vomiting Medications in the FDA Marinol TM (Dronabinol) Approval Process Synthetic THC based Sativex TM Chemo-induced nausea and vomiting 1:1 ratio of plant derived Post-operative and THC and CBD neuropathic pain Muscle spasticity and stiffness from MS * The above medications are available through prescription, not medical marijuana provisioning centers Source: FDA
Other Potential Medicinal Uses Additional research may uncover more benefits and safer means of delivery Anticonvulsant Relieve Pain Digestion Antipsychotic Due to Federal Restrictions, research on marijuana is limited
Known Challenges Marijuana Use Disorder occurs in 30% of users Marijuana causes impairment Hazardous in vehicle operation and certain types of employment High levels of THC can cause psychosis Marijuana users are 2.6 times more likely to begin using other drugs Sources: National Institute for Drug Abuse; Hasin DS, Saha TD, Kerridge BT , et al. Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. JAMA Psychiatry . 2015;72(12):1235-1242. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1858.
Marijuana: Negative Impact on Youth
What Do We Know Marijuana Use Perception of Risk Source: SAMHSA
Midland County Perception of Risk Source: The Legacy Center 2016 Midland County Youth Study
Midland County 30 Day Use 30 Day Use Marijuana Linear (Alcohol) Linear (Marijuana) Alcohol Source: The Legacy Center 2016 Midland County Youth Study
Youth Access: Colorado Thirty day use among youth increased 12 percent between 2013 and 2015, the three years after recreational legalization in Colorado Nationally The ten states with highest rate of youth marijuana use have some form of legalized marijuana Source: The Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado: The Impact, Rocky Mountain High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area
As of 2015: Legalized Recreational Marijuana Legalized Medical Marijuana Non-Legalized Medical Marijuana Source: SAMHSA.gov, National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2014 & 2015
Youth Access: Access to Marijuana Marijuana Use Source: SAMHSA
Why do we Care? Cognitive and education problems Potential IQ loss up to 8 points Increased absenteeism Decrease in academic performance Risk of Mental Health Problems Depression, Anxiety, and Social Problems Increased risk of developing schizophrenia and psychosis in some people Potential for poisoning from marijuana edibles Strengths vary, and can be very small (e.g. less than one gummy bear) Delayed onset of desired feeling (~30-45 minutes) Source: National Institute for Drug Abuse
Why Do We Care? When parents use, youth are impacted Marijuana seems less risky Access increases Secondhand smoke increases negative health effects When pregnant or breastfeeding mothers use marijuana THC crosses the placenta THC is found in breastmilk
Why do we Care? Midland County Abuse and Neglect Cases 66% of Abuse & Neglect Cases involve Substance Use Disorder Of those cases, 80% of Mothers and 87% of Fathers had Substance Use Disorder Most Common Drug of Choice was Cannabis for both parents Earlier admittance to legal system = longer stay in legal system 55% of victims of abuse and neglect are under age 7 Source: Midland County Probate Court
Legislative Landscape
Definitions Medical Marijuana Use of marijuana to benefit various medical conditions Not regulated for dose, strength, purity No consistent safety standards for consumption Recreational Marijuana The use of marijuana to experience a feeling of euphoria, or “high” Legalization Establishes parameters for legal use, sale, and purchasing of marijuana Decriminalization Lessens legal penalties for use of marijuana Commercialization Establishes industry for financial gain from marijuana
The Big Picture Federally, marijuana is a Schedule I illegal drug Several states have legalized medically and/or recreationally State laws governing medical marijuana are different from the laws that govern recreational marijuana.
State by State Legalization Source: Procon.org
Michigan’s Picture: Medical Marijuana Marijuana was approved by voter initiative for medicinal use in 2008 In December 2017, the Marijuana Facilities Act was enacted Allows for Municipalities (townships, villages, cities): To “opt In” for commercialization Select the type and number of facilities Create regulations around local marijuana facilities Once opted in, a municipality can only opt out with a local ballot initiative in a regularly scheduled election Some municipalities select to “opt out”
Recreational Marijuana April 26, 2018 Michigan Board of Canvassers approved the signatures collected for the citizens’ initiative to “Regulate Marijuana like Alcohol” June 5 th , 2018 Legislature took no action; the initiative will be on the ballot in November If approved by voters in November Initiative would become a public act, Legislature could change or amend the act with a ¾ majority vote
Recreational Legalization Laws At a Glance Ballot or Year of Personal At-Home State Legislative Commercialization? Total Retail Tax Passage Possession Possession Action Michigan – Ballot 2.5 oz 10 oz Yes 16% Proposed Alaska 2014 Ballot 1 oz 4 oz* Yes $50/oz flowers, $15/oz leaf California 2016 Ballot 1 oz 1 oz Yes 22.25% Sales tax Colorado 2012 Ballot 1 oz 1 oz Yes 27.9% Maine 2016 Ballot 2.5 oz 2.5 oz Yes 10% Massachusetts 2016 Ballot 1 oz 10 oz Yes 17-20% Nevada 2016 Ballot 1 oz 1 oz Yes 32-38% Oregon 2014 Ballot 1 oz 8 oz Yes 17-20% Vermont 2018 Legislative 1 oz 1 oz No 0% Action Washington 2012 Ballot 1 oz 1 oz Yes 45% *1oz. of marijuana can render 30-80 joints *Ballotpedia
State Local Control Zoning Restrictions Public Consumption Michigan – Proposal Opt out with 5% voter petition to add to 1000 ft. K-12 schools No, unless in a regularly scheduled ballot designated area Alaska Opt-out and zoning via ordinance or voter 500 ft. Schools, Youth, No initiative Religious, Jail California Opt-out and zoning via ordinance 1000 ft. Daycare, School, No Youth Center Colorado Opt-out via ordinance or measure on Recommends 1000 ft. from No ballot; local zoning schools Maine Local regulation may limit or prohibit TBD No Massachusetts Local ordinances to limit, but may require 500-2000 ft. from schools, No vote parks Nevada Opt out with 10% voter petition to add to 1000 ft. K-12 schools No biennial ballot Oregon Initial Opt-out period for communities 1000 ft. K-12 schools No opposed; 6-15% voter petition to add to regularly scheduled ballot; some local zoning Vermont N/A N/A No Washington Being decided in State Courts 1000 ft. Schools, Parks, Rec No Facility, Library, etc. *All States with legalized recreational marijuana have a legal age of 21. *Ballotpedia
Observations From Colorado
Observations from Colorado Potential imbalance between tax revenue and social costs Increases in: Marijuana-related traffic deaths where driver tested positive more than doubled from 2013-2016 Marijuana related ER visits increased 35% after legalization Hospitalizations increased 72% All crime rates increased 10.8% from 2013-2016 Employment Challenges Source: rmhidta.org
Call to Action Become educated about the initiative https://ballotpedia.org/Michigan_Marijuana_Legalization_Initiative_(2018) Decide for yourself if this proposal is the right way to legalize marijuana in Michigan
Gummy Bear Experiment 70 mg How many did you eat? 60 mg 50 mg 40 mg 30 mg 20 mg 10 mg THC
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