Marijuana & De gner Drugs “ Synt tics ” Impact, Availability and Emerging Trends Drug Free America Foundation, Inc.
Marijuana MJ use in the 1960-70’s Todays Marijuana • 1969 only 4% of Americans • 2013 48% of Americans had tried mj. have tried marijuana. • 1978 Average potency of • 2009 – average potency was marijuana – 1.37% over 10% with some exceeding 30%. The potency of marijuana has dramatically increased
Dabbing • “Dabs” are small amounts of super-high concentrated cannabis resin in which the • plant material is removed that what's left is between 50-to-80 percent active ingredients (such as THC).
Process of Dabbing- Butane Extraction • Fill a container with marijuana • Drench with butane • Bring to a boil • When butane is burned away you are left with a golden oil
ER doctor in Southern California told the media that in the first part of 2013 he had already seen 20 burn patients from butane fires.
Impacts of Dabbing • Immediate and intense high • Can cause extreme manic behavior • Butane can leave behind neurotoxins • Ingesting concentrated levels of other chemicals • Meth-lab-like explosions • Overdose
Myth #1 MJ is not Addictive Reality: Marijuana IS Addictive! About 9% of people who try marijuana become addicted. That figure doubles as the age of initiation drops into adolescence. Rates of marijuana dependence rise to 35%-40% for those who use daily. Withdrawal symptoms that include anxiety, depression, irritability, restlessness, sleep difficulty, strange dreams, anger and aggression.
Myth #2 Marijuana use is harmless and safer than alcohol Addiction Addiction • • Memory Impairment Memory Impairment • • Chronic Bronchitis Cardiovascular Disease • • Respiratory Problems Liver Disease • • Risk of Heat Attack Depression • • Brain damage Anxiety • • Schizophrenia Schizophrenia • • Aggression Suicidal Thoughts • • Paranoia Brain Damage • • Depression Coronary Heart Disease • • Anxiety Cancer • • Suicidal Thoughts Cirrhosis • • Cellular Damage Birth Defects • • Immunosuppressant Stroke • • Birth defects Panic Disorders • • Do either look safe??
Early & persistent MJ use negatively affects IQ scores Source: Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, Harrington H, Houts R, Keefe RS, McDonald K, Ward A, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 2;109(40):E2657-64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206820109. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
How MJ undermines student learning If teens didn’t use marijuana before the age of 18 Marijuana use is there would be: consistently associated with reduced educational 17% fewer high school attainment (e.g., grades dropouts and chances of 5% fewer college non- graduating). attendees 3% college dropouts. Fergusson, D.M.; and Boden, J.M. Cannabis use and later life outcomes. Addiction 103(6): 969-976; discussion 977-968, 2008. Macleod, J.; Oakes, R.; Copello, A.; Crome, I.; Egger, M.; Hickman, M.; Oppenkowski, T.; Stokes-Lampard, H.; and Davey Smith, G. Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young people: A systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies. Lancet 363(9421): 1579-1588, 2004.
Myth #3 Smoked MJ is a Medicine Reality: some components in MJ have medicinal value Would you use these as medicines? Yes….just not in these forms
Marijuana should be subject to the same process….
Background of Synthetics Synthetics were actually created decades ago by legitimate researchers and scientists in a lab. Scientific literature is the most likely method through which illicit drug manufacturers discovered synthetics and their potential for abuse.
From Medical Labs to Clandestine Labs No clinical trails + little regulatory oversight = Unknown implications for human health and behavior
Synthetic Marijuana Products
• Plant material that is sprayed Spice with a mix of chemical compounds sold as incense. • K2 • Spice Silver • Mr. Nice Guy • Synthetic cannabinoids have • Blue Majik tested at least 5x more potent • Dark Knight marijuana; and some reports • Genie • Scooby Snax indicate that it may be up to 100x more potent.
Effects of Spice • elevated blood pressure • elevated heart rate • hallucinations • heart palpitations • increased agitation • nausea • pale skin • seizures • vomiting
Effects of Spice • seizures • anxiety/panic attacks • a feeling of alienation/disassociation from the world • psychotic episodes • acute kidney injury and failure • DEATH
Connor Reid Eckhardt died after taking ONE HIT of synthetic MJ (SPICE,K2,POTpourri). Find his story on FB
Legal Status of Spice • Florida has added over 200 compounds known to be used in these products to the list of Schedule I drugs. That means it is a felony to purchase, possess, sell or distribute. • As fast as we can identify and ban the compounds, chemists alter them by one molecular making them legal again. • Cities and counties throughout the state have taken further steps to ban these products in their communities.
25i-NBOMe
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-[(2- methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine • 25i Derivative of • Smiles phenethylamine • NBOMe hallucinogenic • BOM-CI known as 2C-I, with a potency • Cimbi-5 16x stronger • solaris
Effects of 25i Effects usually last 6-10 hours if taken under the tongue . When snorted, the effects usually last 4–6 hours. Lethal Dose has not been determined as it is a relatively new drug of abuse.
Effects of 25i • confusion and difficulty focusing • shaking • nausea and vomiting, insomnia • looping, recursive, out-of-control thinking • paranoia, fear, and panic • seizure • acute kidney injury • brain damage • Death
Legal Status Using emergency scheduling authority, the DEA named 25i a Schedule I substance in the United States. Several other counties have done the same. Florida legislators are considering a bill that adds these chemicals to the Florida Controlled Substances Act.
Chemical name: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine • MDMA – psychoactive drug, active ingredient in Ecstasy. • Molly refers to purest form of MDMA. Synthetically made in illegal • Differs from Ecstasy labs by underground because it is without chemists. filler drugs such as heroin. Usually a white or yellowish powder
Use of Molly’s cause an overproduction of dopamine (pleasure chemicals) in the brain. Overtime the brain adapts by limiting the production of dopamine in response to pleasure.
Takes effect 30-45 minutes after dosing and can last 3-4 hours. • Rushes or exhilaration • Nausea • Disorientation • Stomach churning • Panic
Users can become Signs of an overdose: addicted in a very short • Overheating time. Symptoms of • Panic attacks withdrawal include depression and anxiety. • Faintness • Severe dehydration • Loss of consciousness • Death
Bath Salts
Bath Salts MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone • Derived from Cathinone the active ingredient in Khat, a leaf chewed for its stimulant effects throughout NE Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. • Synthesized by pharmaceutical companies and never used.
Ivory Wave Tranquility Blue Silk Bliss White Lightning Cloud 9 Vanilla Sky Comparable to methamphetamine, cocaine and PCP.
• Hallucinations • Kidney failure • Paranoia • Risk of renal failure • Suicidal thoughts • Violent Rage • Agitation • Dysphoria • Increased heart rate • Chest pain • Hypothermia • Hypertension • Seizures • Vasoconstriction • Fits and delusions • Panic Attacks • Insomnia • Muscle spasms/tension • Death
People on Bath Salts are Violent and Unpredictable Reports from Florida: • Took 6 deputies and multiple EMTs to sedate a man for safe transport to Bay Medical Center after he snorted 2 packages of bath salts. • 71 year old woman was attacked by her 48-year old daughter high on bath salts and swinging a machete in an attempt to behead her. • Man breaks into house, strips naked, throws furniture and bites homeowner.
Worse than Meth? • New research confirmed MDPVs powerful stimulant effects in rats and found evidence that it could be more addictive than methamphetamine, one of the most addictive substances to date. • Rats emitted 60 lever presses to get a single dose of meth and up to 600 for MDPV; some even emitted 3,000 presses. “If you consider these level presses a measure of how much a rat will work to get a drug infusion, then these rats worked more than 10x harder to get MDPV” -The Scripps Research Institute
Single dose can last up to 5 hours, peaking after an hour. Users think its out of their system and re-dose causing extreme side effects. Re-dosing Bath Salts can last as long as 3-6 days. Some report continued side effects after stopping use.
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