Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops

• Dr. Bill McCloskey

Extension Weed Specialist

Desert Ag Conference – May 2012

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RR Flex cotton

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RR alfalfa

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RR Corn

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Tree crops – lemons, pecans, pistachios, etc.

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General farm weed control/sanitation

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Over-reliance on glyphosate?

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Problem of herbicide resistant weeds

* July 2012: field after 3 sprays of 44 oz/A (1.5 lb ae

glyphosate/A). Difficulty controlling Palmer amaranth in 2011; cotton/wheat double crop

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Weeds too large when spray by grower

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Treatment % Resistant Weeds in Population Weed Control 0 Application .0001 Excellent 1st Application .00143 Excellent 2nd Application .0205 Excellent 3rd Application .294 Excellent 4th Application 4.22 Excellent 5th Application 60.5 Failure

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Year 0

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Year 1 Year 2

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Treatment % Resistant Weeds in Population Weed Control 0 Application .0001 Excellent 1st Application .00143 Excellent 2nd Application .0205 Excellent 3rd Application .294 Excellent 4th Application 4.22 Excellent 5th Application 60.5 Failure R)%-4)8&$'&'+88&:"42&#))09&6*-&& 4"'$'-1%-&'""0&()%+%*"&-)&$%(4"1'"&

Year 3

seed pool or seed bank in soil

D'52'&--)50$5C$!&&+$,&-)-./0*&$

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Year 4

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Year 5

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Robust annual – reproduces by seed Palmer amaranth seed production – 600,000 to 1.6 million seeds per large plant. An infestation of 1.6 plants/ft of crop row can produce 600 million seeds per acre.

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Male Palmer amaranth - Male flowers with yellow anther sacs Female Palmer amaranth flowers

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Male Palmer amaranth - Male flowers with yellow anther sacs Female Palmer amaranth flowers

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Apply integrated weed management practices including sanitation, tillage and crop rotation.

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Use multiple herbicide modes-of-action with

• verlapping weed spectrums in rotation, sequences,
• r mixtures.

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Use the full recommended herbicide rate and proper application timing for the hardest to control weed species present in the field.

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Scout fields after herbicide application to ensure control has been achieved. Avoid allowing weeds to reproduce by seed or to proliferate vegetatively.

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Monitor site and clean equipment between sites.

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Herbicides Mechanical Cultural Multiple herbicides with different mechanisms of action Tillage Crop rotation Mixes Pre-plant Plant population Sequences In-crop cultivation Row spacing Across seasons In-row weeding Planting date Post-harvest Fertilizer placement Hand-rogueing before seed set Cover crops

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NOT SUSTAINABLE

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Herbicides Mechanical Cultural Multiple herbicides with different mechanisms of action Tillage Crop rotation Mixes Pre-plant Plant population Sequences In-crop cultivation Row spacing Across seasons In-row weeding Planting date Post-harvest Fertilizer placement Hand-rogueing before seed set Cover crops

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! "! #! $! %! &!! '()*+(,

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23)40/,1*

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23)4056,'7

!"#$%$&&'"#()*)+,'-.#)/-,#,$01)234-56

21,53+08 9:

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Roundup Ready Flex Cotton – glyphosate

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Roundup Ready Flex Pima Cotton

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Liberty Link Cotton – glufosinate

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GlyTol: Glufosinate and Glyphosate resistant cotton

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Dicamba, glyphosate and glufosinate 3-gene stacked cotton varieties

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Preplant Early POST topical Mid POST Post-direct Layby PD broadcast Tillage Dual Magnum Glyphosate Glyphosate Pendimethalin Prowl H20 Staple LX Staple LX Trifluralin Glyphosate Liberty/Ignite 280 Liberty/Ignite 280 Prometryn Staple LX Sandea Prowl H2O* Diruon Liberty/Ignite 280 Prometryn* Prometryn* Diuron* Diuron* Layby Pro* Layby Pro* Goal, GoalTender* Goal, GoalTender* Aim Aim *Preemergence soil activity Chateau* Chateau* ET ET

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Herbicides Mechanical Cultural Multiple herbicides with different mechanisms of action Tillage Crop rotation Mixes Pre-plant Plant population Sequences In-crop cultivation Row spacing Across seasons In-row weeding Planting date Post-harvest Fertilizer placement Hand-rogueing before seed set Cover crops

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Before cultivation After cultivation

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Key components: Disk stabilizers to stop implement drift Adjust sway blocks to allow implement to run at correct depth. Implement must not rotate with respect to tractor.

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Cotton must be 12 inches tall with bark on the lower stem to use precision cultivation with in-row weeding. Crop must have a well developed tap root.

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Can close cultivate on smaller row crops without in-row weeding.

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Crop stem damage from moving soil remains a limitation.

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Zero tolerance for Palmer amaranth flower (pollen) and seed production = SANITATION!

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Remove weeds before they produce viable seed.

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Herbicides Mechanical Cultural Multiple herbicides with different mechanisms of action Tillage Crop rotation Mixes Pre-plant Plant population Sequences In-crop cultivation Row spacing Across seasons In-row weeding Planting date Post-harvest Fertilizer placement Hand-rogueing before seed set Cover crops

*

* Eliminate weed competition

to optimize alfalfa stand

* As a broadcast planted

crop, alfalfa is fairly competitive against weeds particularly if the weeds are injured by herbicides

* Herbicide use can stunt or

injury alfalfa seedlings

* Weed competition also

stunts alfalfa seedlings

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* Alfalfa production (RR and conventional varieties) * Plant in fall (mid-October through November) * Enables 2,4-DB applications (e.g. Butyrac 200) due to

lower temps (temperature cut-off of 90 F)

* Raptor and pursuit alone or tank mix better on winter

weeds, possible resistance problem

* Trifluralin granules or water run Prowl H2O * Treat berms with residual herbicide or use tillage to

keep them clean

* (Roundup where susceptible weed populations occur)

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• Center pivot irrigation
• Row spacing: 30 inch
• Plot size: 20 x 30 feet
• Herbicides applied at 3 leaf (5 in) and 9 leaf (30 in) growth

stages

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* Weed Management

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Any weed management program that use soil-applied herbicides followed by postemergence herbicides have less variability in weed control, crop yield, and net return compared with total postemergence programs.

* Resistant Management Strategies and Practices

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Herbicide – proactive and reactive

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Utilize multiple herbicide modes of action, including those with residual effects, before applying glyphosate and/or tank mixing another herbicide with glyphosate.

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Apply herbicides at the recommended stage of weed growth as stated on the label.

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Conventional herbicides can and should still be part of the overall weed management system in glyphosate- resistant cropping systems.

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Since glyphosate resistance may be controlled by more than one gene, it is important to use full label glyphosate rates.

* Summary

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Glyphosate-resistant crops are a powerful tool to manage weeds but must be used as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program.

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IPM principles and practices include field scouting or

• ther detection methods, weed identification,

population monitoring, and treatments.

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Weed IPM programs in glyphosate-resistant crops need to consider all available weed management options appropriate to the system.