Making a presentation 1 Do you want to avoid this ? 2 2 1 - - PDF document

Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 1

Making a presentation

Do you want to avoid this ?

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 2

‐ Have a message ! ‐ Make attractive slides ‐ Increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio ‐ Respect the timing What is an efficient presentation ?

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What do you want people to remember ?

• 1. Have a message

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 3

Building your message

• 1. What is the context ?
• 2. What question/problem do you want to address ?
• 3. What is your methodology / procedure ?
• 4. What results did you get ?
• 5. What kind of information can you extract from it ?
• 6. What are the future actions/decisions to be taken ?

At the end of the story, you want your audience to remember the most important information

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and to convince them with proper arguments Example : A 20 min presentation

• M. Soubeyroux 1, C. Dumoulin 2 and A. Deraemaeker 2

1 ENSTA ParisTech 2 Université Libre de Bruxelles, BATir

Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper parameters based on numerical optimization and model reduction

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So what was the message ?

• There is a need to optimize TMD parameters
• Analytical techniques have limitations
• Numerical approaches are too expensive
• Model reduction is introduced to lower comp. costs
• It leads to a drastic reduction (2days ‐> 2min)

This approach should be extended for more realistic load cases and other objectives This is your message. How can you deliver it efficiently ?

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Very convincing argument

Attract the eye of your audience !

2.Make attractive slides

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2.1 The power of illustrations and the rate to deliver information

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The building is assumed to be excited by the wind. This causes vibrations which can be measured with dedicated sensors such as accelerometers or strain sensors. Our aim is to use the measured data from these sensors in real‐time to be able to monitor the structure, i.e. to detect the appearance of damage and possibly locate where the damage has occurred. This is an important tool to aid for the maintenance

• f the building

Example : SHM of the Westbury Hotel

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• The building is assumed to be excited

by the wind. This causes vibrations which can be measured with dedicated sensors such as accelerometers or strain sensors.

• Our aim is to use the measured data

from these sensors in real‐time to be able to monitor the structure, i.e. to detect the appearance of damage and possibly locate where the damage has

• ccurred.
• This is an important tool to aid for the

maintenance of the building

What about a nice picture ? Example : SHM of the Westbury Hotel

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And adding simple animations Should you read the text exactly ? Example : SHM of the Westbury Hotel

• The building is assumed to be excited

by the wind. This causes vibrations which can be measured with dedicated sensors such as accelerometers or strain sensors.

• Our aim is to use the measured data

from these sensors in real‐time to be able to monitor the structure, i.e. to detect the appearance of damage and possibly locate where the damage has

• ccurred.
• This is an important tool to aid for the

maintenance of the building

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 7

What about making an illustration and reducing the amount of text ?

Objective : ‐ define a strategy to locate damage based on time‐domain data ‐ compare strain and acceleration measurements

Example : SHM of the Westbury Hotel

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Eigenfrequencies and mode shapes

Eigenfrequencies 𝜕

• 𝑒𝑗𝑏𝑕𝐸

Mode shapes

• Eig function

𝑊

,𝐸 𝑓𝑗𝑕 𝑛𝑒𝑚. 𝑙, 𝑛𝑒𝑚. 𝑛

• Flip function

𝑊

𝑔𝑚𝑗𝑞𝑊 1: 6: 498,1

Eigenfrequencies 𝜕

• 𝑒𝑗𝑏𝑕𝐸

Mode shapes

• Eig function

𝑊

,𝐸 𝑓𝑗𝑕 𝑛𝑒𝑚. 𝑙, 𝑛𝑒𝑚. 𝑛

• Flip function

𝑊

𝑔𝑚𝑗𝑞𝑊 1: 6: 498,1

Healthy structure Damaged structure

[from student presentations]

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Problems

• Text and no illustration
• All data at once
• Uses undefined quantities (D1, mdl.k, …)
• Very technical (Matlab code)
• No hint on the difference between damaged and

healthy

• Title not very specific

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Damage = reduced stiffness in some elements

Extraction of eigenfrequencies and mode shapes

Use illustrations instead of text

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2.2 Vectorial graphic / Pixel image

Vector graphic : eps, pdf, svg, ai, cdr, … (Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, InkScape) Pixel image : jpg, png, gif, tiff, … (Photoshop, Gimp, Paint, …)

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Integration in PowerPoint

JPG 100 dpi SVG

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Integration in PowerPoint

JPG 1200 dpi SVG

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Create your own illustrations Spend some time to make your own illustrations

• Bad resolution
• Not optimal for the story

you want to tell (with CorelDraw)

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2.3 Tell your story with your illustrations

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Output Based only SHM

• Strain gauges are installed on the building.
• The building is mainly subjected to wind oriented in the X‐Direction of

the tower.

• Our goal is to detect and locate damage directly from the sensors

response, without any knowledge of the model of the structure.

• Models always contain some simplification and are not accurate enough

to detect the onset of damage.

• We have recorded signals on the full set of transducers at two different

instants.

• There are in total 83 strain gauges, one at each level of the building and

it makes. For the all the sensor 100001 values were reported.

• The first strain gauge is at the bottom of the building.
• The first set of measurements corresponds to the healthy case while we

suspect that a damage has occurred for the second set of signals.

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Output‐only SHM Objective : locate the damage based on output‐only data from strain sensors

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2.4 Graphs

• Choose the right type of graph
• Pay attention to axes labels and units
• Improve readability of the graph : highlight information

(stay away from default graphs in Matlab, Excel, …)

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Example : mode shapes of a cantilever beam Initial Matlab Figures

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 14 Increase line width, font size

Example : mode shapes of a cantilever beam

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‐ Reorganize ‐ Change axis style ‐> Engineering style ‐ Change line color

Example : mode shapes of a cantilever beam

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 15 Stay away from the default Matlab/Excel style to improve aspect

Example : mode shapes of a cantilever beam

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Length(m)

Graphs and legends

You may consider putting legend into the Graph (use arrows)

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 16 Example of a bad use of legend

Graphs and legends

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[from student presentations]

Highlight information in the graphs

Tell your story in the graph

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2.5 Combining graphs and illustrations

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Bernouilli beam

[from student presentations]

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Healthy structure

[from student presentations]

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Damaged structure

[from student presentations]

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Location of damaged area

[from student presentations]

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healthy damaged Damaged area

83 82 1 2 3 4

z

Damage localization using strain measurements

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Example : ultrasonic testing of concrete Is all the important information present to deliver the message ?

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2.5 Equations

Latex‐> pdf ‐> image Iguana Tex

𝐸= 𝜁 𝜁

Powerpoint equation editor

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2.6 Pictures

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Basic pictures handling Cropping Adjusting brightness and levels (saturation)

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More advanced features Getting rid of the background Recomposing

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Background When possible pay attention to the background

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Or improve it …. Background

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Coupling Emitter Receiver

Insert information in your pictures

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Insert information in your pictures

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2.7 Graphical charter and template

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Fonts For scientific presentations : ‐ Prefer sans serif ‐ Avoid fancy fonts

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Fonts size Be consistent (titles, subtitles, main text, …) Make sure it is readable Adjust font size in graphs !

[from student presentations]

50 Font 10

Font 16

Font 22

Font 28

Font 34

Font 40

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Colors Pick a few colors Be consistent with their use

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Template

• The best background for readability is white
• No need to repeat the logos on each slide.
• Prefer the blank presentation

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Template : example Useless Distracting the eye

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Alignment

• Crop your pictures to have similar size
• Align as much as possible

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• Two sensors
• Pre‐amplifier
• Beam heated in the oven at 300
• Vaseline
• Excitation source
• Specialized software

Alignment : example

[from student presentations]

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• Two sensors
• Pre‐amplifier
• Vaseline
• Beam heated in the oven at 300
• Excitation source
• Specialized software

Alignment : example

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10 cm (center to center)

Input: Pencil break Sensor: Piëzo‐electric Res freq sensor: 150Hz Coupling: Vaseline Amplification: 40dB Threshold: 39dB Software: Physical Acoustics

7.3 cm (edge to edge)

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[from student presentations]

10 cm (center to center) Input: Pencil break Sensor: Piëzo‐electric Res freq sensor: 150Hz Coupling: Vaseline Amplification: 40dB Threshold: 39dB Software: Physical Acoustics 7.3 cm (edge to edge)

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3.Increase the signal‐to‐ noise ratio

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Signal‐to‐noise ratio

• Focus on the necessary information only
• Everything else is noise ‐> Remove
• If you are not going to discuss a graph/sentence ‐> Get rid of it
• Avoid as much as possible text if you do not read or explain it

Jean‐Luc Doumont (http://www.principiae.be/) The M&M’s bowl

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Research Methods in Civil Engineering 2019‐ 2020 3/18/2020 31 ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST This test is done to assess the quality of beam by ultrasonic pulse velocity method

Principle of the test

• The method consists of measuring the

time of travel of an ultrasonic pulse passing through the beam being tested.

• Pulse velocity= Path length ÷ Transit time
• Comparatively higher velocity is obtained

when beam quality is good in terms of density, uniformity, homogeneity etc. Ultrasonic pulse analyzer 7.3cm

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[from student presentations]

Ultrasonic pulse velocity test using commercial equipment

7.3cm

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Measurement of time

• f travel

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18‐3‐2020 | 63

➥ The Resonalyzer can be a helpful tool for fast assessment of long‐term outdoor test specimens resonalyzer

IS USED TO ? PURPOSE

• Measurement

resonant frequency

• Damping ratio
• Elastic modulus

Amplitude (mild tap) In frequency domain Damping (as a function of time) Eigenfrequency

• f the resonant

mode E‐ modulus

Is there too much/redundant information on this slide ? [from student presentations]

18‐3‐2020 | 64 Amplitude (mild tap) In frequency domain Damping (as a function of time) Eigenfrequency

• f the resonant

mode E‐ modulus

The resonalyzer

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4.Respect the timing

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Number your slides ! 20 minutes is 20 slides

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Do you need a table of contents ? Gain some time

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Gain some time : tell only the essential (M&M’s bowl) Telling a story Describing what you have done in details Constructing your story around your message Linear description Convince that you have worked a lot ? Deliver a message Objective Strategy Organization

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‐ Have a message ! ‐ Make attractive slides ‐ Increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio ‐ Respect the timing

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