Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching Oliver Hahm INRIA/Zühlke Emmanuel Baccelli, Cédric Adjih, Laurent Massoulié INRIA Thomas C. Schmidt HAW Hamburg Matthias Wählisch Freie Universität Berlin Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 1

Agenda 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art 2. Improving Energy Efficiency 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN 4. Analysis & Experimental Results Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 2

IoT: Connecting the Physical World & Internet Nature Monitoring Industry 4.0 Micro Satellites Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 3

IoT Devices: High-end vs Low-end C.Bormann et al. ’’RFC 7228: Terminology for Constrained-Node Networks,’’ IETF, May 2014. Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 4

Low-end IoT Requirements Interoperabilit Low- y cost Security Scalability Autonomy Low Memory Reliabilit y Limited CPU power Energy Efficiency Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 5

Low-end IoT Devices running ICN (NDN) ZOOM E.Baccelli, C. Mehlis, O. Hahm, TC Schmidt, M. Wählisch, ’’Information centric networking in the IoT: Experiments with NDN in the wild,’’ in ACM ICN, Sept. 2014. Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 6

Agenda 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art 2. Improving Energy Efficiency 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN 4. Analysis & Experimental Results Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 7

Focus on energy efficiency • Interoperability • Energy Efficiency • Security • Reliability • Autonomy • Scalability • Low Cost Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 8

Reducing the radio’s energy consumption 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Energy Consumption Always on Radio Duty Cycling Goal Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 9

Standard IoT energy efficiency Protocols Mechanisms Content Aware CoAP Pre-determined proxy -- Transport UDP Routing RPL Reduced state & trickle Network IPv6 / 6LoWPAN Compressed pkt headers 802.15.4, BLE, LoRA … Minimized idle listening Medium Access Low-power radio Physical ISM band Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 10

IoT: Connecting the Physical World & Internet Nature Monitoring Industry 4.0 Micro Satellites Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 11

Problem statement → Breaks if proxy/gateway is unavailable most of the time ü Nature monitoring Periodic sensor data gathering via an UAV/drone ü Factory/storage monitoring Periodic state check by roaming employees ü Micro satellites Periodic data gathering via regular satellites → Trade-off: data availability vs energy efficiency Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 12

Relevant IoT Data Metrics • Diversity : Data from all sources is available. • Freshness : The most up-to-date data is available. • Lifetime : A sensor value is irrelevant after time L. Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 13

Agenda 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art 2. Improving Energy Efficiency 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN 4. Analysis & Experimental Results Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 14

Idea: NDN+CoCa (Cooperative Caching) Intuition: few active devices = no energy vs availability trade-off Interplay of sleeping and ICN caching & replication ? A B Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 15

NDN+CoCa Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 16

Needed NDN Adaptations ü Support for content push mixture of Interest-Interest, and Immediate Broadcast • ü Support for name wildcards in PIT & in Interests, of the shape / ∗ or <prefix>/ ∗ • Still: one content chunk sent per Interest • Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 17

Smart Interplay of IoT protocols, OS & HW Design & study of strategies for ICN caching & replication Experiments with low-power IoT hardware & OS capabilities not only radio duty cycling, but make also the MCU sleep ü consider both newer & legacy IoT hardware ü Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 18

NDN+CoCa strategies Sleeping Strategies Replication Strategies • Baseline : Radio Duty Cycling • Baseline : single broadcast • Uncoordinated Sleeping • Rebroadcast for selected content • Coordinated Sleeping: Deputy on Watch Caching Strategies • Baseline : Random Caching • Max-Diversity Most Recent (MDMR) • P-MDMR: with ‘hardwired’ name preferences Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 19

Agenda 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art 2. Improving Energy Efficiency 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN 4. Analysis & Experimental Results Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 20

Simple analysis of NDN+CoCa with MDMR • Simplification: no radio interference availability of content for L=1 • Uncoordinated sleeping à independent events à Bernoulli trials |S| := Number of sensor sources 𝑜 : := Number of designated caching nodes for content i L := Lifetime of data 𝑞 2 := Probability of being awake 𝔽 𝑑𝑝𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑑𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑚𝑓 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑓𝑜𝑢 1 − 𝑞 2 + 𝑞 2 1 − 𝑞 2 4 5 6 78 ) = |𝑇|(1 − ( 1 − 𝑞 2 Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 21

Experimental approach ü Implementation in www.riot-os.org Using ICN pkg: • ü Used same code for: Emulation on RIOT emulator • • virtual network with configurable topologies • up to 1000 emulated IoT devices on a standard PC Experiments on www.iot-lab.info • • heterogeneous hardware in various physical topologies • up to 350 IoT devices at one site Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 22

Comparing MDMR to random caching Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 23

Matching model & experiment (with RIOT on IoT-Lab) L= ∞ L=4 L=3 L=2 Availability L=1 Testbed results: IoT-Lab in Lille Theoretical Analysis Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 24

Results: Drastically Less Power Drain (even with uncoordinated sleeping!) ü 90% less energy with 90% availability! Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 25

Coordinated sleeping Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 26

Coordinated vs. uncoordinated Modern IoT node Legacy WSN node Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 27

Scaling up RIOT emulation with 1,000 nodes Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 28

Conclusion Significantly less energy consumption is possible with ICN Compliant with basic NDN • Works also on very low-memory IoT devices • Works on top of any broadcast-capable network layer • Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 29

Thanks for your attention. Questions? Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 30

Backup slides Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 31

Yes, you can do similar things over IP but… with IP stack w/o IP stack overhead overhead (5kB cache) (10kB cache) Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 32

Multihop scenario (preliminary results) Testbed: IoT-lab Grenoble (300 nodes, 5 hop diameter) Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 33