Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 23, 2023 294 likes •651 views

Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching Oliver Hahm INRIA/Zhlke Emmanuel Baccelli, Cdric Adjih, Laurent Massouli INRIA Thomas C. Schmidt HAW Hamburg Matthias Whlisch Freie Universitt Berlin Low-power

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 1

Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching

Oliver Hahm

INRIA/Zühlke

Emmanuel Baccelli, Cédric Adjih, Laurent Massoulié

INRIA

Thomas C. Schmidt

HAW Hamburg

Matthias Wählisch

Freie Universität Berlin

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 2

Agenda

  • 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art
  • 2. Improving Energy Efficiency
  • 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN
  • 4. Analysis & Experimental Results
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 3

IoT: Connecting the Physical World & Internet

Nature Monitoring Industry 4.0 Micro Satellites

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 4

IoT Devices: High-end vs Low-end

C.Bormann et al. ’’RFC 7228: Terminology for Constrained-Node Networks,’’ IETF, May 2014.

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 5

Low-end IoT Requirements

Interoperabilit y Energy Efficiency Security Reliabilit y Autonomy Low- cost Scalability Limited CPU power Low Memory

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 6

Low-end IoT Devices running ICN (NDN)

ZOOM E.Baccelli, C. Mehlis, O. Hahm, TC Schmidt, M. Wählisch, ’’Information centric networking in the IoT: Experiments with NDN in the wild,’’ in ACM ICN, Sept. 2014.

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 7

Agenda

  • 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art
  • 2. Improving Energy Efficiency
  • 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN
  • 4. Analysis & Experimental Results
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 8

Focus on energy efficiency

  • Interoperability
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Security
  • Reliability
  • Autonomy
  • Scalability
  • Low Cost
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 9

Reducing the radio’s energy consumption

2 4 6 8 10 12 Energy Consumption Always on Radio Duty Cycling Goal

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 10

Standard IoT energy efficiency

Protocols

Content Aware Medium Access Transport Routing Network Physical UDP CoAP RPL IPv6 / 6LoWPAN 802.15.4, BLE, LoRA… ISM band

Mechanisms

  • Pre-determined proxy

Reduced state & trickle Compressed pkt headers Minimized idle listening Low-power radio

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 11

IoT: Connecting the Physical World & Internet

Nature Monitoring Industry 4.0 Micro Satellites

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 12

Problem statement

ü Nature monitoring

Periodic sensor data gathering via an UAV/drone

ü Factory/storage monitoring

Periodic state check by roaming employees

ü Micro satellites

Periodic data gathering via regular satellites

→ Breaks if proxy/gateway is unavailable most of the time → Trade-off: data availability vs energy efficiency

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 13

Relevant IoT Data Metrics

  • Diversity:

Data from all sources is available.

  • Freshness:

The most up-to-date data is available.

  • Lifetime:

A sensor value is irrelevant after time L.

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 14

Agenda

  • 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art
  • 2. Improving Energy Efficiency
  • 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN
  • 4. Analysis & Experimental Results
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 15

Idea: NDN+CoCa (Cooperative Caching)

Intuition: few active devices = no energy vs availability trade-off

Interplay of sleeping and ICN caching & replication?

B A

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 16

NDN+CoCa

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 17

Needed NDN Adaptations

üSupport for content push

  • mixture of Interest-Interest, and Immediate Broadcast

üSupport for name wildcards

  • in PIT & in Interests, of the shape /∗ or <prefix>/∗
  • Still: one content chunk sent per Interest
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 18

Smart Interplay of IoT protocols, OS & HW

Design & study of strategies for ICN caching & replication Experiments with low-power IoT hardware & OS capabilities

ü

not only radio duty cycling, but make also the MCU sleep

ü

consider both newer & legacy IoT hardware

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 19

NDN+CoCa strategies

Sleeping Strategies

  • Baseline: Radio Duty Cycling
  • Uncoordinated Sleeping
  • Coordinated Sleeping: Deputy on Watch

Caching Strategies

  • Baseline: Random Caching
  • Max-Diversity Most Recent (MDMR)
  • P-MDMR: with ‘hardwired’ name

preferences Replication Strategies

  • Baseline: single broadcast
  • Rebroadcast for selected content
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 20

Agenda

  • 1. IoT – Requirements and State of the Art
  • 2. Improving Energy Efficiency
  • 3. Energy-efficient IoT with ICN
  • 4. Analysis & Experimental Results
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 21

Simple analysis of NDN+CoCa with MDMR

𝔽 𝑑𝑝𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑑𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑚𝑓 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑓𝑜𝑢 = |𝑇|(1 − ( 1 − 𝑞2 1 − 𝑞2 + 𝑞2 1 − 𝑞2 4 5678 )

|S| := Number of sensor sources 𝑜: := Number of designated caching nodes for content i L := Lifetime of data 𝑞2 := Probability of being awake

availability of content for L=1

  • Simplification: no radio interference
  • Uncoordinated sleeping

à independent events à Bernoulli trials

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 22

üImplementation in www.riot-os.org

  • Using ICN pkg:

üUsed same code for:

  • Emulation on RIOT emulator
  • virtual network with configurable topologies
  • up to 1000 emulated IoT devices on a standard PC
  • Experiments on www.iot-lab.info
  • heterogeneous hardware in various physical topologies
  • up to 350 IoT devices at one site

Experimental approach

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 23

Comparing MDMR to random caching

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 24

Matching model & experiment (with RIOT on IoT-Lab)

Testbed results: IoT-Lab in Lille Theoretical Analysis

L=1 L=2 L=3 L=4 L=∞ Availability

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 25

ü 90% less energy with 90% availability!

Results: Drastically Less Power Drain (even with uncoordinated sleeping!)

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 26

Coordinated sleeping

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 27

Coordinated vs. uncoordinated

Modern IoT node Legacy WSN node

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 28

Scaling up

RIOT emulation with 1,000 nodes

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 29

Conclusion

Significantly less energy consumption is possible with ICN

  • Compliant with basic NDN
  • Works also on very low-memory IoT devices
  • Works on top of any broadcast-capable network layer
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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 30

Thanks for your attention. Questions?

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 31

Backup slides

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 32

Yes, you can do similar things over IP but…

w/o IP stack

  • verhead

(10kB cache) with IP stack

  • verhead

(5kB cache)

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Low-power Internet of Things with NDN & Cooperative Caching | Oliver Hahm September 27, 2017 Slide 33

Multihop scenario (preliminary results)

Testbed: IoT-lab Grenoble (300 nodes, 5 hop diameter)