Life & Complexity Organisation, information and optimisation in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
life complexity
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Life & Complexity Organisation, information and optimisation in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 24, 2022 115 likes •906 views

Life & Complexity Organisation, information and optimisation in real and simulated biological systems Levien van Zon (levien@gnuritas.org) 9 August, Camp 2007 ? Big Bang Big Bang Big Bang Big Bang Slime Mold The world is full of bugs!

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Life & Complexity

Organisation, information and optimisation in real and simulated biological systems

Levien van Zon (levien@gnuritas.org) 9 August, Camp 2007

slide-2
SLIDE 2
slide-3
SLIDE 3

?

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Big Bang Big Bang Big Bang Big Bang Slime Mold

slide-5
SLIDE 5

The world is full of bugs!

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Evolution by Natural Selection But how are the things that evolve “created” in the first place?

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Complexity!

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Big Bang

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Deep-Sea Vents

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Autocatalytic Set

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Competition between Autocatalytic Sets

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Evolution and Coupling of Autocatalytic Sets

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Enclosure by a lipid-bilayer

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Photosynthesis

Capturing Energy Directly from Sunlight

slide-15
SLIDE 15

~ 3,500,000,000 years ago ~ 1,400,000,000 years ago

slide-16
SLIDE 16

?

slide-17
SLIDE 17

?

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Second Law of Thermodynamics:

Entropy Always Increases Entropy → Disorder

slide-19
SLIDE 19

The Earth is an Open System

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Pattern Formation: Dissipative Structures

Bénard Convection Cells

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Energy Dissipation by Chemical Reactions

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Energy, Entropy and Information

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Information and Dissipative Structures

slide-24
SLIDE 24
slide-25
SLIDE 25

Positive Feedback Negative Feedback

Pattern Formation: Feedback Processes

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Positive and Negative Feedback Combined in Time

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Positive and Negative Feedback Combined in Time and Space

Alan Turing

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Positive and Negative Feedback Combined in Time and Space

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Positive and Negative Feedback Combined in Time and Space

slide-30
SLIDE 30
slide-31
SLIDE 31

Positive and Negative Feedback Combined in Time and Space

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Positive and Negative Feedback Combined in Time and Space

Positive Feedback Causes Growth Negative Feedback Causes Selection

slide-33
SLIDE 33

But... There's More Than Just Feedback

“The stripes are easy, but the horse part is harder to explain”

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Pattern Formation: Interactions

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Trophic Interactions

“Eating and Being Eaten”

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Trophic Interactions

“Eating and Being Eaten”

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Competitive Interactions

slide-38
SLIDE 38
slide-39
SLIDE 39

Interactions in a Virtual System: Tierra

slide-40
SLIDE 40

Interactions Between RNA Molecules

Nobuto Takeuchi and Paulien Hogeweg

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Interactions Can Get Selected For

New Level of Selection and Organisation

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Cells 1.0 Cells 1.0 The Prokaryotic Cell Cells 2.0 Cells 2.0 The Eukaryotic Cell

New Level Formed by Cooperation

slide-43
SLIDE 43

New Level Formed by Dynamics

Spiral Selection

Maarten Boerlijst and Paulien Hogeweg, 1993 Hypercycle Hypercycles Organise Into Spirals Spirals Compete

slide-44
SLIDE 44

A Hierarchy of Organisation Levels

slide-45
SLIDE 45

4 billion years ago

slide-46
SLIDE 46

3.5 billion years ago

slide-47
SLIDE 47
slide-48
SLIDE 48

2.5 billion years ago

slide-49
SLIDE 49

1.8 billion years ago

slide-50
SLIDE 50

1.4 billion years ago

slide-51
SLIDE 51

600 million years ago

slide-52
SLIDE 52
slide-53
SLIDE 53

425 million years ago

slide-54
SLIDE 54
slide-55
SLIDE 55

200 million years ago

slide-56
SLIDE 56
slide-57
SLIDE 57

65 million years ago

WTF?

slide-58
SLIDE 58

ALL YOUR BASE ARE BELONG TO US.

slide-59
SLIDE 59
slide-60
SLIDE 60
slide-61
SLIDE 61

Sea Urchin Development Human Development

slide-62
SLIDE 62
slide-63
SLIDE 63

Life = Information?

slide-64
SLIDE 64
slide-65
SLIDE 65
slide-66
SLIDE 66

Cellular Potts Model

Glazier & Graner (1992, 1992)

slide-67
SLIDE 67

Cell Interactions + Genetic Interactions + Evolution = Morphogenesis

Paulien Hogeweg (2000)

slide-68
SLIDE 68

Cellular Slime Mold

Dictyostelium discoideum

slide-69
SLIDE 69

Modelling an Organism

Stan Mareé, Paulien Hogeweg, and Nick Savill

slide-70
SLIDE 70

Modelling an Organism

Stan Mareé, Paulien Hogeweg, and Nick Savill

slide-71
SLIDE 71

“Global Optimum” = “The Fittest” ? “Local Optimum” Static Fitness Landscape

slide-72
SLIDE 72
slide-73
SLIDE 73

The Evolutionary “Tree of Life”

slide-74
SLIDE 74
slide-75
SLIDE 75
  • Energy Dissipation
  • Information and Pattern Generation
  • Feedback Mechanisms
  • Self-replication
  • Multiple Levels of Organisation
  • Interactions Within & Between Levels
slide-76
SLIDE 76

Biology Social Interactions Computers

slide-77
SLIDE 77

?

slide-78
SLIDE 78

Acknowledgements

Much of this talk is based upon lectures and work by

  • Prof. Dr. Paulien Hogeweg and Dr. Stan Marée,

as well as on the works and writings of many others. Click on the blue names in the slides to go to their related websites.