Life Between Systems Martin Brynskov AU Smart Cities @brynskov - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Life Between Systems Martin Brynskov AU Smart Cities @brynskov - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Life Between Systems Martin Brynskov AU Smart Cities @brynskov pit.au.dk AARHUS GOTO 2013 AU UNIVERSITY smartcities.au.dk MA Information Studies Semiotics Classical Greek Digital Habitats PHD CS (Girls & Mobiles/LEGO)

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Life Between Systems

Martin Brynskov AU Smart Cities @brynskov

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

pit.au.dk smartcities.au.dk GOTO 2013

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MA PHD PROF Information Studies Semiotics Classical Greek “Digital Habitats” CS (Girls & Mobiles/LEGO) Interaction Technologies AU Smart Cities

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 3

AUSC DUL CAVI PIT AU Smart Cities Digital Urban Living Visualization & Interaction Participatory IT

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 4

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 5

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Jan Gehl

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  • pen data

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 7

smart cities

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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2013 2013 2000

Senseable City MIT, 2004 Transdisciplinary research group that studies the interface between cities, people and technologies and investigates how the ubiquity
  • f digital devices and the
telecommunications networks that augment our cities are impacting urban living. Smarter Planet 2008 Wollenberg B. (2005) Term ‘Smart Grid’ is born in September 2005. Smart Grid Urban Media Façades It is a community that has made a conscious effort to use information technology to transform life and work within
  • fundamental, rather than
incremental, ways.

1960 1970 1980 1990

Livable Cities 1980s The Plug-in City is set up by applying a large scale network-structure, containing access ways and essential services, to any terrain. Peter Cook, 1964 Walking City imagines a future in which borders and boundaries are abandoned in favour of a nomadic lifestyle among groups of people worldwide. Ron Herron, 1964 Initially ICs have been defined as virtual reconstructions of cities, as virtual cities. (Droege, 1997) The term ICs has been used broadly as an equivalent of: TeleCity Siembab (1997) Incorporates the capabilities of information technologies in
  • rder to support a high amenity
life style that is economically and environmentally sustainable Teletopia Eger (2005) Telecommunications Utopia is a term first coined by the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications to describe what 21st Century Japan would look like when its new broadband communica- tions infrastructure was in place. Informational City Castlells M. (1992) The city is an image of society, with all its diversities, ongoing processes, contradictions, struggles and asymmetries, and 'The Informational City' is therefore 'the global society'
  • f the information age.
Plug-in City Walking City The city is “both a social and spatial ‘coming together’ of difference and diversity, chaos and order, fascination and intrigue - a sensual delight, at the same ´time challenging notions of tolerance and feelings of belonging. Layered City Thompson S. (1994) Komninos N. (2002) Digital cities can be consid- ered as an attempt to build new secure public spaces and regain some characteristic of the cities as places for communication, interactions, economic opportunities, and social and cultural activities. All intelligent cities are digital cities, but all digital cities are not intelligent. The difference is in the problem solving capability of intelligent cities, while the ability of digital cities is in the provision of services via digital communication. Besselaar P.
  • (DDS) was launched in
Amsterdam in 1993. The name was chosen to emphasize the idea of a digital public space where people would meet and communicate. Couclelis H. (2004) Comprehensive web‐based representation, or reproduc- tion, of several aspects or
  • pen to non‐experts.
Intelligent Cities (ICs) Emerged late 1980s Ambient Cities Emerged late 1990s Digital Cities Emerged early 1990s Graham S. (1997) Smart Cities Emerged Late 1990s Komninos, 2002 CCTV Roberts P. (1980s) Embedding of CCTV technology into urban areas Invisible City Digital City

1993

Late 80s Late 90s Late 90s

In order for ‘digital’ cities to become ‘smart’ cities they therefore need to incorporate a new category of applica- tions; that of the real community of people and producers characterised by a high level of knowledge and innovation use. To differentiate the ‘digital’ city from the ‘smart’ city, every digital city is not intelligent, but every intelligent or ‘smart’ city has a digital component A Smart Community Smart Communities, 2001 ISTAG (1999) People will be surrounded by intelligent and intuitive interfaces embedded in everyday
  • bjects around us and an
environment recognizing and responding to the presence of individuals in an invisible way. The term was coined by Mark Weiser in his 1991 article “The computer for the 21st century” Crang and Graham, 2007 The ambient city can be seen as an urban environment which contains different ubiquitous computing technologies > 100 Digital Cities in 20 EU countries in 2003 Caire P. (2009) European Digital Cities programme launched in 1996 Caire P. (2009) Cyberville Wired City

2005 2003 1991

Ubiquitous Cities Emerged in 2005 Myung‐Je (2009) The term ubiquitous city was first used by South Korea after adopting the ubiquitous computing concept from the US and deciding to create the world’s first U‐City. The term first used in 2003 by Eric Paulos An umbrella term for installations in which displays are integrated into architectural structures Korean U‐City Association (2003) U‐Cities to help all residents, everywhere, not just private customers, or residents using personal computers at home, with the aim of enriching life, reducing congestion and enhancing environmental sustainability Amplified City Falk (1999) The use of ubiquitous technology in public spaces also enables the city to move beyond mixed or augmented reality environments towards an amplified city, where
  • bjects express additional
information about themselves to other objects, residents and users. Ubiquitous Computing Urban Computing Virtual City Urban Gaming
  • was founded in 2006.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Plug-in City Wired City Virtual City Intelligent City Smart City

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New York, 1939

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New York, 1939

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New York, 1939

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New York, 1964

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Habitat 67, Montréal

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New York, 1939 Sondgo, Sydkorea, 2011

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SLIDE 15

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

– Frederik Pohl

“A good science fiction story should be able to predict not the automobile but the traffic jam.”

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SLIDE 16

Mon Oncle (Tati), 1958

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SLIDE 17

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Digital Post NemID Rejsekortet IC4 ...

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SLIDE 18
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SLIDE 19
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SLIDE 20
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“New” is easy. “Right” is hard.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

– Craig Federighi

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Chris Speed (2011)

They’re here...

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SLIDE 23

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 24

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 25

The smart city

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 26

The ? city

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 27

The good city

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 28

Smart cities are first and foremost a cultural and

  • rganizational

transition.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 29

2013 2013 2000

Senseable City MIT, 2004 Transdisciplinary research group that studies the interface between cities, people and technologies and investigates how the ubiquity
  • f digital devices and the
telecommunications networks that augment our cities are impacting urban living. Smarter Planet 2008 Wollenberg B. (2005) Term ‘Smart Grid’ is born in September 2005. Smart Grid Urban Media Façades It is a community that has made a conscious effort to use information technology to transform life and work within
  • fundamental, rather than
incremental, ways.

1960 1970 1980 1990

Livable Cities 1980s The Plug-in City is set up by applying a large scale network-structure, containing access ways and essential services, to any terrain. Peter Cook, 1964 Walking City imagines a future in which borders and boundaries are abandoned in favour of a nomadic lifestyle among groups of people worldwide. Ron Herron, 1964 Initially ICs have been defined as virtual reconstructions of cities, as virtual cities. (Droege, 1997) The term ICs has been used broadly as an equivalent of: TeleCity Siembab (1997) Incorporates the capabilities of information technologies in
  • rder to support a high amenity
life style that is economically and environmentally sustainable Teletopia Eger (2005) Telecommunications Utopia is a term first coined by the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications to describe what 21st Century Japan would look like when its new broadband communica- tions infrastructure was in place. Informational City Castlells M. (1992) The city is an image of society, with all its diversities, ongoing processes, contradictions, struggles and asymmetries, and 'The Informational City' is therefore 'the global society'
  • f the information age.
Plug-in City Walking City The city is “both a social and spatial ‘coming together’ of difference and diversity, chaos and order, fascination and intrigue - a sensual delight, at the same ´time challenging notions of tolerance and feelings of belonging. Layered City Thompson S. (1994) Komninos N. (2002) Digital cities can be consid- ered as an attempt to build new secure public spaces and regain some characteristic of the cities as places for communication, interactions, economic opportunities, and social and cultural activities. All intelligent cities are digital cities, but all digital cities are not intelligent. The difference is in the problem solving capability of intelligent cities, while the ability of digital cities is in the provision of services via digital communication. Besselaar P.
  • (DDS) was launched in
Amsterdam in 1993. The name was chosen to emphasize the idea of a digital public space where people would meet and communicate. Couclelis H. (2004) Comprehensive web‐based representation, or reproduc- tion, of several aspects or
  • pen to non‐experts.
Intelligent Cities (ICs) Emerged late 1980s Ambient Cities Emerged late 1990s Digital Cities Emerged early 1990s Graham S. (1997) Smart Cities Emerged Late 1990s Komninos, 2002 CCTV Roberts P. (1980s) Embedding of CCTV technology into urban areas Invisible City Digital City

1993

Late 80s Late 90s Late 90s

In order for ‘digital’ cities to become ‘smart’ cities they therefore need to incorporate a new category of applica- tions; that of the real community of people and producers characterised by a high level of knowledge and innovation use. To differentiate the ‘digital’ city from the ‘smart’ city, every digital city is not intelligent, but every intelligent or ‘smart’ city has a digital component A Smart Community Smart Communities, 2001 ISTAG (1999) People will be surrounded by intelligent and intuitive interfaces embedded in everyday
  • bjects around us and an
environment recognizing and responding to the presence of individuals in an invisible way. The term was coined by Mark Weiser in his 1991 article “The computer for the 21st century” Crang and Graham, 2007 The ambient city can be seen as an urban environment which contains different ubiquitous computing technologies > 100 Digital Cities in 20 EU countries in 2003 Caire P. (2009) European Digital Cities programme launched in 1996 Caire P. (2009) Cyberville Wired City

2005 2003 1991

Ubiquitous Cities Emerged in 2005 Myung‐Je (2009) The term ubiquitous city was first used by South Korea after adopting the ubiquitous computing concept from the US and deciding to create the world’s first U‐City. The term first used in 2003 by Eric Paulos An umbrella term for installations in which displays are integrated into architectural structures Korean U‐City Association (2003) U‐Cities to help all residents, everywhere, not just private customers, or residents using personal computers at home, with the aim of enriching life, reducing congestion and enhancing environmental sustainability Amplified City Falk (1999) The use of ubiquitous technology in public spaces also enables the city to move beyond mixed or augmented reality environments towards an amplified city, where
  • bjects express additional
information about themselves to other objects, residents and users. Ubiquitous Computing Urban Computing Virtual City Urban Gaming
  • was founded in 2006.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

1

Cluster

2

Sector

3

City

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The participatory city

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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Polis

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 32

Political.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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IBM 2012

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Rocinha, Rio

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“Digital” is easy. “Open” is easy. “Right” is hard.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

– Who Cares

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SLIDE 37

Apple-style vs. Favela-style Denmark-style?

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 38

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Question

What is the primary motivation? (a) Tech solutions (b) Environment (c) Ownership (d) Economy (e) Quality of Life

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>10 M 1-10 M < 1 M Rural

The World’s Cities

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 40

Challenges of Smart Cities

Questions Complexity Open? Sectors ➔ ➔ ➔ Answers Open! Rights Partnerships

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 41
  • State/Ministeries
  • Municipalities
  • Regions
  • Universities
  • Organisations

The Danish Smart City Network

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

  • Aalborg
  • Aarhus
  • Kalundborg
  • København
  • Vejle

+ ad hoc people

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SLIDE 42

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Aarhus

  • Strategic partnership
  • Two tracks
  • Top-up model
  • “A scandinavian 3rd way”
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PURPOSE

  • Coordination
  • Debate, engagement, guidelines
  • Initiatives
  • Funding, strategy
  • Visibilty
  • Local, national, international

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 45

ORGANIZATION: TOP-UP

  • City
  • Region
  • University
  • Industry
  • Workgroups
  • Secretariat

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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Open data Digital entrepreneurship Digital Cultural Heritage Smart Utilities Sustainability Smart Governance Smart Culture Digital Infrastructure Urban Media Space Smart Education Social Innovation Citizen Engagement Smart Future Smart Citizen Services Design in a Digital City Digital Public Space Digital turism Urban Space Smart Well being Mobility Privacy Gellerup New Districts Research News & Media Mobil services Smart Retail Campus Emergency Response Smart Activism Crazy ideas

Smart Aarhus: Work groups

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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OPEN DATA PLATFORM: ODAA.dk

  • Distributed
  • Open
  • Scalable
  • License-based
  • CKAN/Drupal

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 49

Smart Aarhus – the system landscape (simplified “snap shot”)

  • Meter systems from different

vendors

  • Administrative systems (CIS –

Customer information and Billing System)

  • Professional Energy

Management System (EMS)

  • Systems to support end user

services

  • Open interfaces for future

integrations

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A C u l t u r a l T r a n s f

  • r

m a t i

  • n

RETHINKING THE CITY

Smart Aarhus aims to be an internationally leading, scandinavian model for urban development based on partnerships.

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AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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Copenhagen

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 53

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Aalborg

  • Strategic city/university

cooperation

  • From hard to soft

infrastructure

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SLIDE 54

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Kalundborg

54

  • Cleantech
  • Demonstrator
  • Eco-system
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Vejle

Smart City i øjenhøjde

!

Netværksbaseret Smart City

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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Focus on

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

  • Informal organization
  • Strategic urban development
  • Partnerships
  • Instruments and technologies are

backgrounded (but still important)

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Cleantech Open data Big data Internet of Things

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Indicator models

Giffinger, 2007

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Structural models

Giffinger, Cohen m.fl.

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Maturity and phases

1

Cluster

2

Sector

3

City

Arup, 2011 Brynskov, 2012

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SLIDE 61

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Drivers Who’s on board? Goals

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SLIDE 62

Global EU National Region Institution Group

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Landscape of Partnerships

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SLIDE 63

Formats of Smart Cities

  • Tools & Systems
  • Practice
  • Partnerships
  • Governance
  • Guides (people)

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 64
  • pen data

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 65

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

MBBL & AU 2013. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Illustration: Stine Spedsbjerg (stinestregen.dk)
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SLIDE 66

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

MBBL & AU 2013. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Illustration: Stine Spedsbjerg (stinestregen.dk)
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AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

MBBL & AU 2013. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Illustration: Stine Spedsbjerg (stinestregen.dk)
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SLIDE 68

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

MBBL & AU 2013. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Illustration: Stine Spedsbjerg (stinestregen.dk)
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SLIDE 69

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

MBBL & AU 2013. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Illustration: Stine Spedsbjerg (stinestregen.dk)
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SLIDE 70

No Economy Yet

“It’s too early to say just what kinds of products might result for Intel, [Ken] Anderson says. “When you talk about the data economy, it’s really something that doesn’t yet exist,” he

  • says. “There are people who [are] trying to

control a lot of your personal data. But that’s not an economy—that’s just profit for one company.”

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/ 514386/intel-fuels-a-rebellion-around-your-data

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SLIDE 71

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

“Open Data” “Good” “Ugly” “Bad”

Improvements Efficiency Simplicity Just there Exhaust Who cares Revealing Invasive Disrupting

Apologies and thanks to Ben Hammersley

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City Bug Report

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 73

Urban Media Space

Aarhus 2014

Library + Citizen services

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SLIDE 74

Smart cities are first and foremost a cultural and

  • rganizational

transition.

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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SLIDE 75

Some advice

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

  • Don’t focus on shiny solutions.
  • Be nimble.
  • Build speedboats, not pyramids.
  • Smart is not a feature, it’s an experience.
  • A city is a rights-based partnership

+ a place.

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SLIDE 76

Molecular Biology 13-DEC-2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05418.x

DNA profiling the world

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SLIDE 77

AU

AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Jan Gehl