Leptoglossus occidentalis occidentalis: : Leptoglossus - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Leptoglossus occidentalis occidentalis: : Leptoglossus - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Leptoglossus occidentalis occidentalis: : Leptoglossus Communication signals & foraging cues Stephen Tak Tak cs cs, Hannah , Hannah Bottomley Bottomley, , Stephen Iisak Andreller Andreller, Karl Hardin, Ward Strong, , Karl

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Leptoglossus Leptoglossus occidentalis

  • ccidentalis:

:

Communication signals & foraging cues

Stephen Stephen Tak Taká ács cs, Hannah , Hannah Bottomley Bottomley, , Iisak Iisak Andreller Andreller, Karl Hardin, Ward Strong, , Karl Hardin, Ward Strong, Robb Bennett & Gerhard Gries Robb Bennett & Gerhard Gries

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Other Research …..

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Pheromone of Contarinia oregonensis

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Pheromone of Contarinia oregonensis

Captures of male midges in pheromone-baited traps are predictive of crop damage (monitoring tool)

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Pheromone of Contarinia oregonensis

Captures of male midges in pheromone-baited traps are predictive of crop damage (monitoring tool) Pheromone-based control of populations ?

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Pheromone of Mayetiola thujae

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Pheromone of Mayetiola thujae

Development of the pheromone as a tool

for monitoring and possibly control is still be done

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Communication signals:

Pheromone and sound

Foraging cues:

Infrared radiation Visible light wavelengths Cone size Semiochemicals

Leptoglossus Leptoglossus occidentalis

  • ccidentalis
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Pheromones

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Sound

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Recording substrate-borne sound

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Sound analyses

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Results

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Bioassay

Played-back signal Computer-regenerated signal

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Results

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Results

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Substrate-borne sound

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Substrate-borne sound Airborne sound

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Results

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Airborne sound

Reviewer’s argued: No evidence for..

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Pentatomomorpha

The flat bugs, seed bugs, leaf-footed bugs, and stink bugs are some of the most distinctive groups within the Pentatomomorpha. All members except… …possess 2 or more trichobothria on several abdominal segments

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Trichobothria ….shown to be receptors of airborne sound

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Trichobothria ….also present on abdomen of Leptoglossus

Leptoglossus occidentalis

  • ccidentalis
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Foraging cues

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Prediction: cones emit more IR radiation than surrounding foliage, providing a foraging cue for L. occidentalis

Infrared (IR) radiation?

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Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Supporting Evidence Supporting Evidence

  • Differential IR radiation emission by cones

Differential IR radiation emission by cones

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis possess IR receptors

possess IR receptors

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis is attracted to IR stimuli

is attracted to IR stimuli

  • Occluded specimens no longer respond to

Occluded specimens no longer respond to IR stimuli IR stimuli

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Supporting Evidence Supporting Evidence

  • Differential IR radiation emission by cones

Differential IR radiation emission by cones

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis possess IR receptors

possess IR receptors

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis is attracted to IR stimuli

is attracted to IR stimuli

  • Occluded specimens no longer respond to

Occluded specimens no longer respond to IR stimuli IR stimuli

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SLIDE 31
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Supporting Evidence Supporting Evidence

  • Differential IR radiation emission by cones

Differential IR radiation emission by cones

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis possess IR receptors

possess IR receptors

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis is attracted to IR stimuli

is attracted to IR stimuli

  • Occluded specimens no longer respond to

Occluded specimens no longer respond to IR stimuli IR stimuli

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Scanning Electron Micrograph Scanning Electron Micrograph

  • L. occidentalis

Merimna atrata Australian “fire-beetle” Schmitz H. et al. 2000

1 cm

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Scanning Electron Micrograph Scanning Electron Micrograph

Merimna atrata Australian “fire-beetle” Schmitz H. et al. 2000

  • L. occidentalis

200 µm

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Method for IR-Receptograms

Recording electrode Indifferent electrode IR Source First Face Mirror Glass Tube

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Results for IR Results for IR-

  • Receptograms

Receptograms

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Supporting Evidence Supporting Evidence

  • Differential IR radiation emission by cones

Differential IR radiation emission by cones

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis possess IR receptors

possess IR receptors

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis is attracted to IR stimuli

is attracted to IR stimuli

  • Occluded specimens no longer respond to

Occluded specimens no longer respond to IR stimuli IR stimuli

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Bioassay Set-up

1 m Red light

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Bioassay Criteria

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Bioassay Criteria

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6.0°C 38.0°C 10 20 30

Bioassay Set-up

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Reflection of IR Radiation Reflection of IR Radiation

0.6°C 27.9°C 5 10 15 20 25 0.6°C 27.9°C 5 10 15 20 25

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Response of Response of L.

  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis to

to IR Radiation IR Radiation

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Field Study Field Study

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12.7°C 33.6°C 15 20 25 30

empty ice water

Field Study Field Study

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Field Response of Field Response of L.

  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis to IR Radiation

to IR Radiation

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Supporting Evidence Supporting Evidence

  • Differential IR radiation emission by cones

Differential IR radiation emission by cones

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis possess IR receptors

possess IR receptors

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis is attracted to IR stimuli

is attracted to IR stimuli

  • Occluded specimens no longer respond to

Occluded specimens no longer respond to IR stimuli IR stimuli

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Occlusion Experiments Occlusion Experiments

  • silica/acrylic

silica/acrylic – – opaque to IR

  • paque to IR
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Occlusion Experiments Occlusion Experiments

  • Occluded

Occluded

  • Control

Control

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Occlusion Bioassay Set-up

1 m Red light

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Results Results

Control 17 Insects

Non-responding

Occluded 35 Insects

Non-responding

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Concluding Summary Concluding Summary

  • Differential IR radiation emission by cones

Differential IR radiation emission by cones

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis possess IR receptors

possess IR receptors

  • L.
  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis is attracted to IR stimuli

is attracted to IR stimuli

  • Occluded specimens no longer respond to

Occluded specimens no longer respond to IR stimuli IR stimuli

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Prediction: cones emit specific wavelengths of visible light that provide a foraging cue for L. occidentalis

Wavelengths of visible light?

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Prediction: cones emit specific wavelengths of visible light that provide a foraging cue for L. occidentalis

Wavelengths of visible light?

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Wavelength reflection profiles

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May 25, 2007 12:45 Ambient = 17 °C Sechelt

Trap color

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Trapping results

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Green = Green?

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Attraction of Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) to specific wavelengths of light

Tom Cowan

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Experiment 1: Bioassay Setup

  • Approx. 1.5m
  • Approx. 1.5m

Release Stand Delta Trap

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Proportion IMM response to 4 spectra at the same intensity

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 % Response

Results of Experiments 1-3

V♀ G♀

♂

n = 10

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Spectral Power Distribution of Blue LEDs

405nm 435nm 450nm 470nm

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Results: Experiment 4

Proportion of gravid females responding to blue LEDs emitting at the same intensity

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 % response 470nm 450nm 435nm 405nm

n = 10

a b b b

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LED Trap in Action

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L.

  • L. occidentalis
  • ccidentalis

Does a specific wavelength of green

provide an optimal foraging cue?

Is there an interaction between a specific

wavelength and IR radiation?

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May 25, 2007 12:45 Ambient = 17 °C Sechelt

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June 20, 2007 1:20 Ambient = 25 °C Kalamalka

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Prediction: cone/trap size matters as a foraging cue

Cone size?

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Trap size

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Prediction: semiochemicals contribute to the complex

  • f foraging cues. However…..

Semiochemicals?

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…when traps are suspended from trees, synthetic cone semiochemicals may not be needed.

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Semiochemicals

Are some cone volatile blends more

attractive than others?

Bait traps in seed orchards of Douglas-fir,

lodgepole pine, or spruce with e.g. volatiles from western white pine cones?

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Management

Trap design:

IR radiation

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Management

Trap design:

IR radiation Specific wavelength of visible light

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Management

Trap design:

IR radiation Specific wavelength of visible light Proper size

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Management

Trap design:

IR radiation Specific wavelength of visible light Proper size Semiochemical bait?

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Management

Trap design:

IR radiation Specific wavelength of visible light Proper size Semiochemical bait? Airborne sound?

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Management

Trap design:

IR radiation !!! Specific wavelength of visible light !!! Proper size !!! Semiochemical bait? Airborne sound?

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Management

Timing of trap placement:

Early in the spring when trap-derived cues outcompete cues from natural cones

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Management

Removal of cones in the fall

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Acknow ledgem ents

  • Patti Brown and colleagues (Canfor Seed

Orchard)

  • Jane Gale
  • James Drummond (Paprican)
  • Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research

Council of Canada (NSERC)

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Thank you! Thank you!

Thank you! Thank you!