Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan October 5, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan October 5, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 02, 2024 160 likes •462 views

Open Session on Renewable energy and future grids Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan October 5, 2012 Akio NAKAMURA Member of MSB, IEC (Former Managing Director of TEPCO) 1 White Paper - Electrical Energy Storage IEC

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Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan

October 5, 2012 Akio NAKAMURA

Member of MSB, IEC (Former Managing Director of TEPCO)

Open Session on “Renewable energy and future grids”

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White Paper - Electrical Energy Storage

IEC MSB studied the market and technology on EES, and the outcomes has been published as a white paper in December 2011.

http://www.iec.ch/whitepaper/energystorage/

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  • 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)

 Typical roles of EES  Types of EES

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES

 Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery

  • 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation

 RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island

  • 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses

 Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA

  • 5. Conclusion

Contents

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Role #1 of EES

Load Leveling

 Customer Side: Reduce kW charge by suppressing peak demand and make use of cheaper electricity supplied during off-peak period  Utility Side: Reduce generation cost and make more efficient use of network facilities

  • 1. Overview of EES

Conventional system without EES System utilizing EES

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Circuit Breaker Normal load Tr

PCS Battery

AC DC

Important load

Discharge

Outage

AC DC

PCS Battery

Sag

Discharge

Circuit Breaker

Role #2 of EES

Reliability & Power Quality Improvement at Customer side

  • 1. Overview of EES

Power Network Power Network High Speed Switch Opens immediately when a sag occurs

 Save critical load from voltage sag  Power supply in case of grid outage

Normal load Important load

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Role #3 of EES

Support Introduction of Renewable Energy Generation Control output from renewable energy generation Enhance frequency control capability (below)

  • 1. Overview of EES

Increase of Renewable energy Increase of Output fluctuation e.g. Wind Power, PV Decrease of output from Controllable Power Plants e.g. Thermal Power Plants Shortage of Frequency Control Capability Within Power System Support by EES

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Types of EES

  • 1. Overview of EES

Pumped Hydroelectric Compressed Air Energy Storage Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage Electrochemical Battery

Gen/Motor Flywheel Vacuum Vessel Gen/Motor Gas Turbine Compressor Fuel Combustion room Room for compressed air Superconductive magnet Cooling facility PCS Control & Protection Battery PCS

Fly Wheel

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Different technologies for different applications

  • 1. Overview of EES

Short Long Small Large 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 min. 1 sec.

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Different technologies for different applications

  • 1. Overview of EES

Rated Power Discharge Duration

Large Medium Small Short Medium Long Mature Developed In Development

PHS CAES SNG SNG H2 H2 PHS NAS Li-ion RFB CAES LA NAS Li-ion FES DLC FES Li-ion SMES RFB

Grid Uses

(100MW - GW) (10MW – 100MW) (kW – MW) (Second-Minutes) (Hour-Days) (Weeks-Months)

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Installed capacity of EES in the world

  • 1. Overview of EES

Installed capacity as of September 2010

（NAS Battery）

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  • 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)

 Typical roles of EES  Types of EES

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES

 Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery

  • 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation

 RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island

  • 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses

 Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA

  • 5. Conclusion

Contents

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Generation facilities in Japan

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences

Generation capacity by energy source in Japan, as of March 2011

Hydro, 8.5%

Pumped Hydro, 10.6%

Nuclear, 20.1% Oil and others, 18.9% LNG, 25.7% Coal, 16.0% Renewable Energy, 0.2%

Source Capacity Hydro 20.7 GW Pumped hydro 25.9 GW Coal 38.9 GW LNG 62.5 GW Oil 46.0 GW Nuclear 49.0 GW Renewable energy 0.53 GW

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Why is PHS so important in Japan?

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1:00 3:00 5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 23:00 Hours (h) Demand (%)

Japan RWE France Italy North Europe PJM

IEEJ – The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, 2005

Japan

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Why is PHS so important in Japan?

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences

Courtesy of JAXA

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Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage System

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences

In Japan, 8 plants, 1750MW in total, operating including 30MW seawater pumped hydro storage.

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Development of NAS battery

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences

Construction of new pumped hydro stations was estimated to become difficult due to

  • Shortage of appropriate site
  • Environmental concerns

Pumped storage Hydro situation in 1980 While it could be installed at any place,

  • Capability was insufficient
  • R&D was not so energetic as now

Battery situation in 1980

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Installed capacity of NAS battery

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences

185MW, 99 sites (96 at customer sites, 3 at substations), in TEPCO service area 316 MW, 223 locations, in the world TEPCO decided to lead the development of NAS battery, and commercialized it in 2002.

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  • 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)

 Typical roles of EES  Types of EES

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES

 Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery

  • 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation

 RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island

  • 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses

 Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA

  • 5. Conclusion

Contents

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Wind turbines Interconnected power transformation unit

Administration/control building PCS building

NAS battery units

Futamata windfarm : The Japan Wind Development Co. Ltd.

Wind Turbines: 51 MW 1,500 kW x 34 units NAS Battery: 34 MW 2,000 kW x 17 units Located in Aomori prefecture since 2008

Making RE generation grid-friendly at Futamata windfarm

  • 3. NAS Battery and RE generation
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Making RE generation grid-friendly at Futamata windfarm

  • 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

Example operational results of constant output control over 8 hours

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Making RE generation grid-friendly in Hachijo-island

  • 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

Hachijo-island (240km south of Tokyo) Population: 8,273 (as of August 31,2012 ) Power demand

  • Peak: 11,000 kW
  • Off-peak: 3,500 kW

Generation facilities

  • Thermal: 11,100 kW
  • Geothermal: 3,300 kW
  • Wind: 500kW

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D-jima

400kW NAS battery at the wind generation site for field test (from Aug. 2000 to Feb. 2002)

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Making RE generation grid-friendly in Hachijo-island

  • 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

Wind generation output NAS Battery output Time [s] Output [kW] Total

600 500 400 300 200 100

  • 100
  • 200
  • 300

60 120 180 240 300

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  • 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)

 Typical roles of EES  Types of EES

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES

 Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery

  • 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation

 RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island

  • 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses

 Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA

  • 5. Conclusion

Contents

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  • 4. Assembling small batteries

What may happen by Battery Advancement?

Progress of battery capability and price down of battery is expected, Assembling batteries for many applications.

  • Plenty of batteries will be introduced at customer and utility sides.
  • These batteries are small size, dispersed and used independently.
  • For frequency control of power systems
  • For load leveling of power systems
  • For power flow control of transmission lines

(Importance of these applications becomes larger in accordance with the introduction of renewable energy generation.)

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Technology to effectively assemble dispersed batteries (Battery SCADA)

Distributed batteries at customer and utility sides can be dealt with like a virtual large capacity battery by being assembled. It enables grid operators to comprehensively utilize batteries with different specifications made by different manufacturers for:  Frequency control of power systems  Load leveling of power systems Power flow control of transmission lines

Battery SCADA

SCADA; Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

  • 4. Assembling small batteries
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Schematic diagram of battery SCADA

Dispersed batteries can be totally assembled and effectively utilized by Battery SCADA

Control center (Grid control) Customer side Advantages of comprehensive battery control Optimum operation for grid control Flexible assignment of batteries’ capability to various applications

Battery SCADA

Advantages of virtual large capacity battery Easier utilization Easier location Step by step introduction of batteries Utility side Utility side Information collection and Command distribution Interface Interface

  • 4. Assembling small batteries
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Research on Battery SCADA

  • 4. Assembling small batteries

Battery SCADA will be tested in the demonstration project with the integration of:

 Large-scale Li-ion batteries, 800 kW in total, at a substation.  22kW Li-ion battery, simulating a battery system in a building.  Three 3.5 kW batteries, simulating the ones in houses and stores.

Demonstration of Battery SCADA, developed by utilities and manufacturers, will be implemented from 2012 to 2014 in Yokohama City.

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  • 1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES)

 Typical roles of EES  Types of EES

  • 2. Japan’s Experiences in EES

 Pumped hydro Storage  NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery

  • 3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation

 RE generation at a geographically constrained site  RE generation on an island

  • 4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses

 Future outlook of batteries  Battery SCADA

  • 5. Conclusion

Contents

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  • 5. Conclusion

Conclusion

For Grid integrations of RE generation  Enhance the flexibility of power grids  Conventional generation, pumped hydro storage NAS Battery to improve the flexibility of RE generation in addition to responding to customer needs  Integration of RE generation to weak power grids Efficient use of small size but a large amount of batteries by SCADA  Not only respond to the local needs at storage sites but also be used for frequency control, load leveling for total system and power flow control of transmission lines

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Thank you for your attention.