Kyiv, Constantinople, Moscow: An Ecclesial Triangle Metropolitan - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Kyiv, Constantinople, Moscow: An Ecclesial Triangle Metropolitan - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 10, 2023 278 likes •691 views

Kyiv, Constantinople, Moscow: An Ecclesial Triangle Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute of Eastern Christian Studies Toronto, March 7, 2019 Thomas Bremer Mnster University The Churches in Ukraine (until the end of 2018) Ukrainian

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SLIDE 1

Kyiv, Constantinople, Moscow: An Ecclesial Triangle

Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute

  • f Eastern Christian Studies

Toronto, March 7, 2019 Thomas Bremer Münster University

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SLIDE 2
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

The Churches in Ukraine (until the end of 2018)

  • Ukrainian Orthodox Church
  • Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Patriarchate of Kyiv
  • Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
  • Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
  • Roman Catholic Church
  • Protestant denominations
  • Judaism
  • Islam
  • Others
  • Altogether 57 religious communities, as of January 1, 2018

(according to the State Department for National and Religious Affairs)

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SLIDE 3
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Formerly part of the ROC (“exarchate”)
  • Since 1990: Self-Administration (but no autonomy) within the Russian

Orthodox Church

  • Head (today: Metropolitan Onufry) is ex officio member in the Moscow Synod
  • Only Orthodox Church in Ukraine which was recognized by the other

Orthodox Churches in the world

UOC

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SLIDE 4
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Founded in 1992 as national Church of Ukraine
  • Head: “Patriarch” Filaret (*1929), formerly Exarch of the ROC
  • Not recognized by other Orthodox Churches
  • Supported by Ukrainian governments

UOC – KP

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SLIDE 5
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Roots in the 1920s
  • Established during WW II
  • Existed in exile (North America)
  • Since 1990 back in Ukraine
  • Not recognized by other Orthodox Churches

UAOC

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SLIDE 6
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Union of Brest 1595/96 → “Uniates”
  • Part of the Catholic Church, recognizes the Pope as Supreme Head
  • Strong in Galicia (formerly Habsburg lands)
  • Suppressed 1946
  • Re-established 1989

UGCC

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SLIDE 7
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Mostly in the Western part of the country (which had belonged to Poland)
  • Originally strong Polish identity
  • Today more Ukranian, but still by many regarded as Polish
  • During Communist rule semi-legal existence
  • Hierarchy could be installed only in the early 1990s

RCC

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SLIDE 8
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

Name Parishes Monasteries Monks/ Nuns Ministers (Foreigners) Printed Periodicals

UOC 12,348 211 4,721 10,424 (32) 137 UOC – KP 5,167 62 216 3,640 (2) 51 UAOC 1,167 12 15 693 (1) 12 UGCC 3,433 103 1,055 2,713 (23) 58 RCC 937 109 641 608 (326) 20

Size (as of January 1, 2018)

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SLIDE 9
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

Name Parishes Monasteries Monks/ Nuns Ministers (Foreigners) Periodicals

Baptists 2,816

  • 3,147 (64)

14 Pentecostals 2,654

  • 3,303 (42)

45 Adventists 1,063

  • 981 (5)

16 Muslims, Crimea (2015) 928

  • 70 (8)

3 Muslims Mainland UA 254

  • 185 (1)

7 All 34,637

  • 31,952

345

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SLIDE 10
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

The Churches in Ukraine (until the end of 2018)

  • Ukrainian Orthodox Church
  • Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Patriarchate of Kyiv
  • Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
  • Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
  • Roman Catholic Church
  • Protestant denominations
  • Judaism
  • Islam
  • Others
  • Altogether 57 religious communities, as of January 1, 2018

(according to the State Department for National and Religious Affairs)

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SLIDE 11
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

“Recognizing her high responsibility as the First Holy See, the Church of Constantinople has always taken initiatives before unlawful and irregular situations, which disrupt the smooth functioning of the Orthodox Church. In her own responsibility, she also took the initiative of restoring the unity of the Orthodox faithful in Ukraine with the ultimate goal of granting autocephaly to the Church of Ukraine.” (from a letter to President Poroshenko)

Patriarch Bartholomew, July 27, 2018:

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SLIDE 12
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 13
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

The most important thing is that there has been a fruitful exchange of opinions. And I will stress again that the nature of the talk from its beginning to end was very sincere and

  • fraternal. We left Constantinople with very bright feelings and

in a very good mood. Metropolitan Ilarion, August 31:

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SLIDE 14
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 15
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 16
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 17
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics
  • Oct 11

Re-admission of Uncanonical Bishops

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 18
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics
  • Oct 11

Re-admission of Uncanonical Bishops

  • Oct 14

Moscow: Interruption of Communion

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 19
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

It is impossible for all the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church to concelebrate with the clergy of the Church of Constantinople and for the laity to participate in sacraments administered in its churches. Moscow Synod, October 14:

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SLIDE 20
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics
  • Oct 11

Re-admission of Uncanonical Bishops

  • Oct 14

Moscow: Interruption of Communion

  • Dec 15 „Unification Synod“ in Kyiv

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 21
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics
  • Oct 11

Re-admission of Uncanonical Bishops

  • Oct 14

Moscow: Interruption of Communion

  • Dec 15 „Unification Synod“ in Kyiv
  • Jan 5

Signing of Tomos

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 22
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics
  • Oct 11

Re-admission of Uncanonical Bishops

  • Oct 14

Moscow: Interruption of Communion

  • Dec 15 „Unification Synod“ in Kyiv
  • Jan 5

Signing of Tomos

  • Jan 6

Handing over the Tomos

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 23
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Aug 31 Meeting Bartholomew/Kirill
  • Sept 1-3 Synaxis Constantinople
  • Sept 7

Nomination of Exarchs

  • Sept 11 Moscow: No Communion Among Clerics
  • Oct 11

Re-admission of Uncanonical Bishops

  • Oct 14

Moscow: Interruption of Communion

  • Dec 15 „Unification Synod“ in Kyiv
  • Jan 5

Signing of Tomos

  • Jan 6

Handing over the Tomos

  • Febr 3

Intronisation of Epifany

The events in 2018/9

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SLIDE 24
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Number of parishes joining the new Church

Three Additional Aspects

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SLIDE 25
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Number of parishes joining the new Church
  • Support of the Ukrainian State

Three Additional Aspects

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SLIDE 26
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Number of parishes joining the new Church
  • Support of the Ukrainian State
  • Reaction of the other Orthodox Churches

Three Additional Aspects

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SLIDE 27
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

Autocephalous Churches: Patriarchates of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem Patriarchate of Russia Patriarchates Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Georgia Churches of Cyprus, Greece, Poland, Slovakia and Czech countries, Albania Autonomous Churches: Sinai, Finland, Japan, … Canonical Churches with disputed status: OCA, Estonia Uncanonical Churches: Macedonia, Montenegro, until 2018: Ukraine (KP, UAOC), …

The Orthodox Churches in canonical order

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SLIDE 28
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Agreements which were not observed

Three Historical Aspects

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SLIDE 29
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Agreements which were not observed
  • The weight of a practice

Three Historical Aspects

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SLIDE 30
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Agreements which were not observed
  • The weight of a practice
  • The significance of the context

Three Historical Aspects

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SLIDE 31
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Tomos: “We … recommend that all Orthodox Churches

throughout the world acknowledge and commemorate it by the name “Most Holy Church of Ukraine” («Ἁγιωτάτη Ἐκκλησία τῆς Οὐκρανίας») with its see in the historic city of Kyiv…”

The Name

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SLIDE 32
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Tomos: “We … recommend that all Orthodox Churches

throughout the world acknowledge and commemorate it by the name “Most Holy Church of Ukraine” («Ἁγιωτάτη Ἐκκλησία τῆς Οὐκρανίας») with its see in the historic city of Kyiv…”

  • But also in the Tomos: Orthodox Church in Ukraine

The Name

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SLIDE 33
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Tomos: “We … recommend that all Orthodox Churches

throughout the world acknowledge and commemorate it by the name “Most Holy Church of Ukraine” («Ἁγιωτάτη Ἐκκλησία τῆς Οὐκρανίας») with its see in the historic city of Kyiv…”

  • But also in the Tomos: Orthodox Church in Ukraine
  • Website: Єдина помісна Українська Православна Церква

(The Only/Single/Unified Local Ukrainian Orthodox Church)

The Name

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SLIDE 34
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • Tomos: “We … recommend that all Orthodox Churches

throughout the world acknowledge and commemorate it by the name “Most Holy Church of Ukraine” («Ἁγιωτάτη Ἐκκλησία τῆς Οὐκρανίας») with its see in the historic city of Kyiv…”

  • But also in the Tomos: Orthodox Church in Ukraine
  • Website: Єдина помісна Українська Православна Церква

(The Only/Single/Unified Local Ukrainian Orthodox Church)

  • Jan 30: registered as “Kyiv Mitropolia of the Ukrainian

Orthodox Church (Orthodox Church of Ukraine)”

The Name

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SLIDE 35
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
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SLIDE 36
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • No parishes and dioceses abroad

The Tomos

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SLIDE 37
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • No parishes and dioceses abroad
  • Holy Myron from Constantinople

The Tomos

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SLIDE 38
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer
  • No parishes and dioceses abroad
  • Holy Myron from Constantinople
  • Demands “that the Autocephalous Church in Ukraine knows

as its head the most holy Apostolic and Patriarchal Ecumenical Throne” (= Constantinople)

The Tomos

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SLIDE 39
  • Prof. Dr. Thomas Bremer

Thank you for your attention!

th.bremer@wwu.de