KOVALAM VILLAGE PRESENTED BY ZARIN SUBAH DEEPE NEUPANE RABEYA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

GENDER, WATER AND LIVELIHOOD: A CASE STUDY ON KOVALAM VILLAGE

PRESENTED BY ZARIN SUBAH DEEPE NEUPANE RABEYA SULTANA LEYA

• J. SIVARANJANI

S.D.N.M.SENADEERA

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“Fishing on the sea is only the men’s JOB”

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Outline of the Presentation

• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Objectives
• Research Question
• Methodology
• Analysis
• Conclusion

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Locality Name : Kovalam ( க ோவளம் ) Block Name : Thiruporur District : Kanchipuram State : Tamil Nadu Language : Tamil And English Elevation / Altitude: 36 meters. Above Seal level

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 Introduction

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 Review of related literature

In many regions of coastal Southeast Asia, fishing livelihoods are frequently marked by both processes of capital intensification, and increasing levels of environmental degradation (BFAR 2004; Eder 2008; Fougerès 2005;Gaynor 2005; Salayo et al. 2008). Asia is an important region in terms of fish trade supplying nearly 60% of global fish production. The region’s coastal fisheries play a critical role in ensuring food security and providing livelihoods, particularly for poorer sections of the community,(Ilona,2006). Fishing communities are often perceived as highly specialized and dependent on a single source of food and income: water (either fresh or marine), (Brugere et al, 2008).

 Review of related literature

• Local fishermen are often compelled to go out fishing despite pending typhoon or

storm surge to sustain the daily needs of their family. To reduce people’s vulnerability and enhance capacities to face coastal hazards the study fosters Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction with special emphasis to sustainable livelihoods, (Gaillard, 2009).

 Primary Objective of Study

• To explore the intersection between gender and water within

diverse livelihood practices.

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 Research Questions

• 1. What are the different occupation perused by the women and

men in the village?

• 2. What are the livelihood strategies adopted by different men

and women in the village?

• 3. How the availability and accessibility of water is having

gendered influence on the livelihood?

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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H F N P S

Influence

Policies Institutions Process Livelihood strategies Livelihood

• utcomes

Key H- Human; N- Natural; F- Financial; P- Physical; S- Social Livelihood assets

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Source: Adopted and modified from DFID 2002

 Research Methodology- Understanding of Conceptual Framework Livelihood Assets Livelihood Strategies

Assets Indicators Human Assets Skills, Education, Experience Physical Assets Building, Car, TV, Boat Financial Assets Cash, Jewelry Social Assets Social connections Natural Assets Land, Forests

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Multiple occupation (fishing and non-fishing) Alternative sites Joint family – Multiple earning member from different occupation

 Research Methods and Tools

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MIXED METHOD QUANTITATIVE METHOD QUALITATIVE METHOD Questionnaire Time Use Survey In Depth Interview Focus Group Discussion Key Personnel Interview Methodology Questionnaire survey 20 FGD 1 Social mapping 3 KPI 2 In- depth interview 3

 Research Methods- Sampling Techniques

Business Fishing Sea water Back water

Natural based activities

Non Nature Based Activities Tourism

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Analysis of Occupation Structure in Kovalam Village Fishing Fishing Related Activities Small Business Services Labor Others

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Occupation diversity

Institutional factors affecting livelihoods: A case of Fishing Livelihoods (FGD with Fishermen)

Government norms for gill nets Traditional roles of women in fishing Market changes – improper cost benefits Fisherman cooperative Government loans for boats Urban market demand Fishing livelihood Government provision of technology

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16 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 120.0%

Fishing fishing related activities Small Business Services Houshold Activities Percentage of Involvement Occupation

Sexwise Occupation Difference

Male Female

17 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Fishing fishing related activities Small Business Services Houshold Activities

Percentage of Involvement

Occupation

Education wise Occupation

Illeterate and Primary Higher Secondary & Secondary Graduate & above

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19 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% Fishing fishing related activities Small Business Services Houshold Activities

Percentage of Involvement

Occupation

Agewise Occupation Difference

15 - 30 years 31 - 60 years 61 years and above

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0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 4 AM - 5 AM 5 AM - 6 AM 6 AM - 7 AM 7 AM - 8 AM 8 AM - 9 AM 9 AM - 10 AM 10 AM - 11 AM 11 AM - 12 PM 12 PM - 1 PM 1 PM - 2 PM 2 PM - 3 PM 3 PM - 4 PM 4 PM - 5 PM 5 PM - 6 PM 6 PM - 7 PM 7 PM - 8 PM 8 PM - 9 PM 9 PM - 10 PM 10 PM - 11 PM 11 PM - 12 AM 12 AM - 1 AM 1 AM - 2 AM 2 AM - 3 AM 3 AM - 4 AM Frequency/No.of households

Time

SNA Activities among Men and Women

Male SNA activity Female SNA acitivity

Livelihood Strategies

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All activities (for female respondents)

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Economic Non-Economic SNA NON - SNA

1. Selling grocery items 2. Catching fishes 3. Collecting fishes 4. Processing fishes 5. Selling fishes (both raw and cooked fishes) 6. Selling dry fishes 7. Collecting raw materials for making fishing blades 8. Making fishing blades 9. Tailoring 1. Packing food for children 2. Cooking meals 3. Making tea and snacks 4. Cleaning clothes and utensils 5. Fetching water for home 6. Preparing children for school 7. Dropping children to tuition 1. Sleeping 2. Waking up 3. Having breakfast 4. Having lunch 5. Taking rest 6. Watching TV 7. Spending time with friends 8. Having dinner

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All activities (for male respondents)

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Economic Non-Economic SNA NON - SNA

1. Room boy in hotel 2. Catching fishes 3. Collecting fishes 4. Segregating fishes 5. Repairing fishing nets 6. Going and coming back from work 7. Making strategy for fishing 8. Making fishing blades 9. Working on construction sites

• 10. Working as cable operator
• 11. Collecting fuel woods

1. Attends classes in college 2. Grocery shopping 3. Drops children to school 1. Sleeping 2. Waking up 3. Going to mosque 4. Having breakfast 5. Having lunch 6. Taking rest 7. Watching TV 8. Spending time with friends 9. Having dinner

• 10. Playing games

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WATER GENDER LIVELIHOOD

Fetching water No time

 Livelihood Burdens

WATER AND LIVELIHOOD

• Women from fish market said that

fetching water hamper their businesses and cause losses.

• Can

water increases their daily expenditure.

• Absence of proper drainage network

system cause severe health problems and water born diseases.

• In flood and monsoon period, can

delivery person can’t come to households. GENDER AND LIVELIHOOD

• Being college graduate girls are

confined with in household chores.

• When compared to men, women have

many secondary non economic activities.

• Fishing on sea is termed as only men's

job.

• During off seasons, borrowing money

for daily consumption add burden on women livelihood.

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Men - back water site Women - back water site Men locate Taj Hotel at the begining Women tend to focus on temple, dargas and wells

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Fishermen – Near seashore Fisherman are so much into the sea shore line, highway and major social services They mention their schools at the beginning

• f drawing

Fishermen identify areas resources beyond the village interior

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H F N P S

Livelihood assets Policy and Institutions Traditional gender roles Family type Youth aspiration Alternative employment availability Livelihood strategies Access to water Livelihood Outcomes  Expenditure  Time  Physical (fetching water)

 Outcome Framework

 Limitation Of Study

• Shortage of time.
• Respondent busy with their daily works/chores.
• Language barrier.
• Difficulty in identifying key persons.

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 References

• BFAR (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources) (2004). In Turbulent Seas: The Status of Philippine Marine Fisheries Coastal

Resource Management Project, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture, Cebu City.

• Eder, J. F. (2008). Migrants to the Coasts: Livelihood, Resource Management, and Global Change in the Philippines. Cengage

Learning, Wadsworth.

• Fougerès, D. (2005). Aquarian Capitalism and Transition in Indonesia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of California Berkeley.
• Gaynor, J. (2005). The Decline of Small-Scale Fishing and the Reorganization of Livelihood Practices Among Sama People in

Eastern Indonesia. Michigan Discussions in Anthropology 15(1): 90–149.

• Salayo, N., Garces, L., Pido, M., Viswanathan, K., Pomeroy, R., Ahmed, M., Siason, I., Sengh, K., and Masaei, A. (2008).

Managing Excess Capacity in Small-Scale Fisheries: Perspectives from Stakeholders in Three Southeast Asian Countries. Marine Policy 32: 692–700.

Thank You!!

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