KOVALAM VILLAGE PRESENTED BY ZARIN SUBAH DEEPE NEUPANE RABEYA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

GENDER, WATER AND LIVELIHOOD: A CASE STUDY ON KOVALAM VILLAGE PRESENTED BY ZARIN SUBAH DEEPE NEUPANE RABEYA SULTANA LEYA J. SIVARANJANI S.D.N.M.SENADEERA 1

“Fishing on the sea is only the men’s JOB” 2

Outline of the Presentation  Introduction  Literature Review  Objectives  Research Question  Methodology  Analysis  Conclusion 3

 Introduction Locality Name : Kovalam ( க ோவளம் ) Block Name : Thiruporur District : Kanchipuram State : Tamil Nadu Language : Tamil And English Elevation / Altitude: 36 meters. Above Seal level 4

 Review of related literature In many regions of coastal Southeast Asia, fishing livelihoods are frequently marked by both processes of capital intensification, and increasing levels of environmental degradation (BFAR 2004; Eder 2008; Fougerès 2005;Gaynor 2005; Salayo et al. 2008). Asia is an important region in terms of fish trade supplying nearly 60% of global fish production. The region’s coastal fisheries play a critical role in ensuring food security and providing livelihoods, particularly for poorer sections of the community,(Ilona,2006). Fishing communities are often perceived as highly specialized and dependent on a single source of food and income: water (either fresh or marine), (Brugere et al, 2008). 5

 Review of related literature • Local fishermen are often compelled to go out fishing despite pending typhoon or storm surge to sustain the daily needs of their family. To reduce people’s vulnerability and enhance capacities to face coastal hazards the study fosters Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction with special emphasis to sustainable livelihoods, (Gaillard, 2009).

 Primary Objective of Study • To explore the intersection between gender and water within diverse livelihood practices. 7

 Research Questions 1. What are the different occupation perused by the women and men in the village? 2. What are the livelihood strategies adopted by different men and women in the village? 3. How the availability and accessibility of water is having gendered influence on the livelihood? 8

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Policies Institutions . Process H Livelihood outcomes N S Influence Livelihood Livelihood strategies assets P F Key Source: Adopted and H- Human; N- Natural; F- Financial; P- Physical; S- Social modified from DFID 2002 9

 Research Methodology- Understanding of Conceptual Framework Livelihood Assets Livelihood Strategies Assets Indicators Human Assets Skills, Education, Experience Multiple occupation (fishing and non-fishing) Alternative sites Physical Assets Building, Car, TV, Boat Joint family – Multiple earning member from different occupation Financial Assets Cash, Jewelry Social Assets Social connections Natural Assets Land, Forests 10

 Research Methods and Tools Methodology Questionnaire survey 20 MIXED METHOD . FGD 1 Social mapping 3 KPI 2 QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE METHOD In- depth interview 3 METHOD Focus Group Time Use In Depth Key Personnel Questionnaire Discussion Survey Interview Interview 11

 Research Methods- Sampling Techniques Non Nature Based Activities Natural based activities Fishing Tourism Business Sea water Back water 12

Analysis of Occupation Structure in Kovalam Village Occupation diversity  Fishing  Fishing Related Activities  Small Business  Services  Labor  Others 13

Institutional factors affecting livelihoods: A case of Fishing Livelihoods (FGD with Fishermen) Fisherman cooperative Government Traditional norms for gill roles of women nets in fishing Fishing Government livelihood loans for boats Market changes – improper cost benefits Government Urban market provision of demand technology

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Sexwise Occupation Difference 120.0% 100.0% Percentage of Involvement 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Fishing fishing related activities Small Business Services Houshold Activities Occupation Male Female 16

Education wise Occupation 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% Percentage of Involvement 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Fishing fishing related activities Small Business Services Houshold Activities Occupation Illeterate and Primary Higher Secondary & Secondary Graduate & above 17

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Agewise Occupation Difference 70.0% 60.0% Percentage of Involvement 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Fishing fishing related activities Small Business Services Houshold Activities Occupation 15 - 30 years 31 - 60 years 61 years and above 19

SNA Activities among Men and Women 0.8 . 0.7 0.6 Frequency/No.of households 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 AM - AM - AM - AM - AM - AM - AM - AM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - PM - AM - AM - AM - AM - 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 AM AM AM AM AM AM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM AM AM AM AM AM Time Male SNA activity Female SNA acitivity 20

Livelihood Strategies 21

All activities (for female respondents) . Non-Economic Economic 1. Sleeping 2. Waking up SNA NON - SNA 3. Having breakfast 4. Having lunch 1. Selling grocery items 1. Packing food for children 5. Taking rest 2. Catching fishes 2. Cooking meals 6. Watching TV 3. Collecting fishes 3. Making tea and snacks 7. Spending time with friends 4. Processing fishes 4. Cleaning clothes and 8. Having dinner 5. Selling fishes (both raw and utensils cooked fishes) 5. Fetching water for home 6. Selling dry fishes 6. Preparing children for 7. Collecting raw materials for school making fishing blades 7. Dropping children to 8. Making fishing blades tuition 9. Tailoring 22

All activities (for male respondents) . Non-Economic Economic 1. Sleeping 2. Waking up SNA NON - SNA 3. Going to mosque 4. Having breakfast 1. Room boy in hotel 1. Attends classes in college 5. Having lunch 2. Catching fishes 2. Grocery shopping 6. Taking rest 3. Collecting fishes 3. Drops children to school 7. Watching TV 4. Segregating fishes 8. Spending time with friends 5. Repairing fishing nets 9. Having dinner 6. Going and coming back from work 10. Playing games 7. Making strategy for fishing 8. Making fishing blades 9. Working on construction sites 10. Working as cable operator 11. Collecting fuel woods 23

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Fetching water GENDER WATER LIVELIHOOD No time

 Livelihood Burdens GENDER AND LIVELIHOOD WATER AND LIVELIHOOD • Being college graduate girls are • Women from fish market said that confined with in household chores. fetching water hamper their • When compared to men, women have businesses and cause losses. many secondary non economic • Can water increases their daily activities. expenditure. • Fishing on sea is termed as only men's • Absence of proper drainage network job. system cause severe health problems • During off seasons, borrowing money and water born diseases. for daily consumption add burden on • In flood and monsoon period, can women livelihood. delivery person can’t come to households. 28

Women tend to Men locate Taj focus on temple, Hotel at the dargas and wells begining Women - back water site Men - back water site 29

Fisherman are so They mention much into the sea Fishermen identify their schools at shore line, highway Fishermen – Near seashore areas resources the beginning and major social beyond the village of drawing services interior 30

 Outcome Framework Youth Alternative employment Policy and Family type aspiration availability Institutions Traditional gender roles H N S Livelihood Livelihood Livelihood Outcomes assets strategies P F Access to water  Expenditure  Time  Physical (fetching water) 31

 Limitation Of Study • Shortage of time. • Respondent busy with their daily works/chores. • Language barrier. • Difficulty in identifying key persons. 32

 References • BFAR (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources) (2004). In Turbulent Seas: The Status of Philippine Marine Fisheries Coastal Resource Management Project, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture, Cebu City. • Eder, J. F. (2008). Migrants to the Coasts: Livelihood, Resource Management, and Global Change in the Philippines. Cengage Learning, Wadsworth. • Fougerès, D. (2005). Aquarian Capitalism and Transition in Indonesia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of California Berkeley. • Gaynor, J. (2005). The Decline of Small-Scale Fishing and the Reorganization of Livelihood Practices Among Sama People in Eastern Indonesia. Michigan Discussions in Anthropology 15(1): 90 – 149. • Salayo, N., Garces, L., Pido, M., Viswanathan, K., Pomeroy, R., Ahmed, M., Siason, I., Sengh, K., and Masaei, A. (2008). Managing Excess Capacity in Small-Scale Fisheries: Perspectives from Stakeholders in Three Southeast Asian Countries. Marine Policy 32: 692 – 700.

Thank You!! 34