ITU Arab Forum on Emerging Technologies Algiers – Algeria, 14-15 Feb. 2018 Key features and requirements of 5G/IMT-2020 networks Presented by: Marco Carugi, ITU expert ITU-T Q2/13 Associate Rapporteur and SG13 Mentor marco.carugi@gmail.com
Outline • Distinguishing features of 5G/IMT-2020 networks • High level requirements of 5G/IMT-2020 networks NOTE 1 – Only a limited set of topics is addressed (see [ITU-T Y.3101] for a wider perspective) NOTE 2 – Along the presentation some references are provided on relevant achievements and ongoing work items of the ITU-T IMT-2020 standardization initiative (SG13) - see also backup slides
Gaps and challenges towards 5G/IMT-2020 Peak Data Rate User Experienced [Gb/s] Data Rate [Mb/s] 20 100 Enhanced mobile IMT-2020 broadband (eMBB) 10 1 IMT- Traffic Capacity Spectrum [Mbit/s/m 2 ] Advanced Efficiency 1 10-100 3x 0.1 1x 1x 10x 100x 350 Mobility [km/h] Network Energy 500 Efficiency Ultra-reliable and low Massive machine type latency mobile 10 5 10 communications communications (mMTC) (URLLC) Connection 10 6 1 Latency Density [ms] [devices/km 2 ] NB: Downlink metrics shown Source: NGMN 5G White Paper Other network dimensions with gaps for 5G/IMT-2020 expectations: - business agility (diversity of services and business models) - operational sustainability (end-to-end management and deployment, flexibility, scalability, energy efficiency) 3
5G/IMT-2020 as key driver for industrial and societal changes: enabler of a large variety of applications Source: Ofcom Source: 5G Infrastructure Association, 5G Empowering vertical industries, White Paper • Optimization and/or expansion of existing applications (extended coverage, enhanced features) 5 • New applications (verticals and advanced applications enabled by technology integration)
Diverse application-specific requirements to be supported Network islands of Gigabit/s Widening of current communications communication use cases Low cost connectivity for huge number of devices Critical & low latency communications Flexible Networks Source: ITU-R Rec. M.2083 5G/IMT-2020 objective: to ensure flexibility and adaptation to diverse (and changing) requirements of applications with maximum reusability of (common) network infrastructure capabilities and efficient but open integration between application and 5G/IMT-2020 ecosystem (business models diversity) 6
5G/IMT-2020 vision - functional view Customization Softwarization Flexibility • Service-based architecture and CP functions interaction Policy SM MM • Modularization of functions 5G New Radio • Separation between Control Plane (CP) and User Plane (UP) NRF AU UDM AF Evolved LTE Evolved LTE • Network Slicing Fixed Access • Flexible User Plane • Fixed Mobile Convergence UP WLAN WLAN (through converged Control UP (local) UP (central) Diversity of Access Network Plane and simplified User Plane) Source: China Mobile Technologies 8
Network softwarization Network softwarization [Y.3100] : Overall approach for designing, implementing, deploying, managing and maintaining network equipment and/or network components by software programming Key drivers of Network softwarization pervasive diffusion of ultra-broadband (fixed and mobile) o Softwarization embedded o increase of performance of HW at lowering costs across all network layers SDN NFV growing availability of Open Source SW o by leveraging SDN, NFV, o more and more powerful terminals and smart things Edge and Cloud Computing actionable Big Data and AI/ML advances o Edge and Cloud Network softwarization is paving the way towards X-as-a-Service Computing SDN Controllers, Virtual Network Functions and end users’ applications all considered as “services” o Network functions become flexible New components can be instantiated on demand (e.g. dedicated network dynamic setup) o o Components may change location or size (e.g. deployment at edge nodes, resource reallocation) Communication paths may change (e.g. service aware networking, chained user plane functions) o Enablement of network/service architectures (re-)design, cost and process optimization, self-management Network programmability but also increased complexity [network management impact] See also ITU-T Y.3150
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV): ICT ecosystem disruption NFV is about implementing network functions in software (programs) running on top of industry- standard hardware (instead of dedicated hardware) Network Functions NFV benefits Classical Network Appliance Approach Virtualisation Approach o Reduced CAPEX and OPEX (e.g. Open Ecosystem Competitive & power consumption) Independent WAN Innovative Acceleration Software Vendors o Increased efficiency (several CDN Session Border Message Controller tenants on same infrastructure) Router o Flexibility to scale up/down resources Automatic orchestration and DPI Carrier Firewall Tester/QoE Grade NAT monitor remote installation o Agility (improved time-to-market High volume standard servers to deploy new network services) o Lower dependency on network SGSN/GGSN BRAS PE Router Radio/Fixed Access High volume standard storage Network Nodes • Fragmented, purpose-built hardware vendors • Physical install per appliance per site • Hardware development: large barrier to entry for new High volume Ethernet switches vendors, constraining innovation & competition Some issues to be fully addressed, incl. performance, co-existence, resilience, scalability, vendor integration 10
Software Defined Networking (SDN) SDN is a set of techniques enabling to directly program, control and manage network resources, which facilitates design, delivery and operation of network services in a dynamic and scalable manner. SDN benefits o Faster network business cycle o Acceleration of innovation and rapid Open Interfaces adaptation to demand o Increase in resource availability and Network services efficiency of use o Customization of network Open Interfaces resources including service-aware networking Concept of SDN [Source: ITU-T Y.3300] 11
Separation between Control Plane and User Plane Authentication Access Control Authentication Access Control o Scalability Charging SM MM Charging MM o Independent evolution … … Policy Policy SM of both planes Control Control plane plane entity entity o Flexible network … … function deployment Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding User plane entity Legacy NW entity CP Open interfaces (in accordance with SDN principles) UP UP UP Different User Planes under control of a unified Control Plane 12
Edge Computing: computing and storage resources next to the user Low latency applications LTE Autonomous Devices Edge Cloud/Compute Core Peering Internet ▪ Drones ▪ Self-Driving Cars ▪ Robotics Content& Logic WiFi Content& Logic Immersive Experiences reduced latency through Edge Computing ▪ Interactive Environments network ▪ Virtual Reality ▪ Augmented Reality latency Edge Computing benefits Natural Interfaces o (Ultra-)low latency : disruptive improvement of customer ▪ Voice Control experience ▪ Motion Control ▪ Eye-Tracking o Reduction of backhaul/core network traffic : cloud services [Ultra-low Latency < 20 ms] (e.g., big data) near to user o In-network data processing Edge Computing … and more: Fog/Device Computing Some issues to be fully addressed, incl. Resource limitation, more complexity, inefficient application execution, service continuity and mobility 13
A distributed functional architecture Distribution of network functions - example Provisioning of diverse network services by using network functions instantiated at the right place and time 14
Network slicing: customized support of applications via dedicated logical networks over single infrastructure Network slice [ITU-T Y.3100] : A logical network that provides specific network capabilities and network characteristics. Various dimensions of network slicing : o slice types and blueprint (template) o blueprint information (incl. service requirements, priority, resource isolation level, etc.) o static versus dynamic slice instantiation o service assurance and service integration o recursive slicing (diverse business models) o end-to-end versus per-domain slice (sub-network slices, incl. radio slicing), inter-domain slice federation o per-slice network function chaining Vertical and o slice-specific and shared network functions horizontal slicing o slice lifecyle mgt (within globally optimal network mgt) o UE- slice interaction (flexible slice selection, …) o slice exposure of end-to-end slices to customers Network slice instances and network functions 5G/IMT-2020 network has to support flexible and dynamic management of network slices for various Slicing versus limitations of classical approaches (« All-in-One » diverse applications, ensuring scalability, high too complex, « Multiple networks » too costly) availability and overall resource optimization 15
Example of IMT-2020 network deployment from network slicing perspective Vertical slicing Horizontal slicing [can operate in single slice or across multiple vertical slices] Source: draft ITU-T Y.IMT2020-frame Each slice is architected and optimized for specific application(s) 16 Each slide can have its own network architecture, engineering mechanisms and network provision
Application of slicing techniques to 5G/IMT-2020 network transport layer - ongoing study in ITU-T SG15 Source: China Mobile 17
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