Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a Globalized & Commoditized World - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a Globalized & Commoditized World - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 12, 2023 959 likes •1.34k views

Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a Globalized & Commoditized World via Open Systems Architecture Douglas C. Schmidt d.schmidt@vanderbilt.edu Principal Researcher Professor of Computer Science Institute for Software Integrated Software

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SLIDE 1

Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a Globalized & Commoditized World via Open Systems Architecture

Open Systems Architecture: Progress & Challenges November 4th, 2014

Professor of Computer Science Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University

Douglas C. Schmidt d.schmidt@vanderbilt.edu

Principal Researcher Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University

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SLIDE 2

Implications of DoD Competing in a “Flat World”

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SLIDE 3

Implications of DoD Competing in a “Flat World”

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SLIDE 4

Implications of DoD Competing in a “Flat World”

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SLIDE 5

Implications of DoD Competing in a “Flat World”

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SLIDE 6

Implications of DoD Competing in a “Flat World”

Leveling the playing field gives competitors an equal opportunity

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SLIDE 7

Commoditization of Information Technology

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SLIDE 8
  • Processor & network performance has

increased by many orders of magnitude Hardware == Better, Faster, Cheaper Single-core 10 Megahertz to 3+ Gigahertz multi-cores

Commoditization of Hardware

1,200 bits/sec to 10+ Gigabits/sec

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SLIDE 9

Commoditization of Software

  • Software quality & productivity hasn’t

improved as rapidly or predictably as hardware Software == Buggier, Slower, Costlier

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SLIDE 10
  • This is particularly problematic

for mission-critical, software- reliant cyber-physical systems (CPS)

Commoditization of Software

In CPS the “right answer” delivered too late becomes the “wrong answer”

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SLIDE 11

Hardware advances stem from maturation of standardized & reusable interfaces, protocols, & modeling tools

x86 chipsets TCP/IP switches

Why Hardware Improves Consistently

Innovations packaged as COTS technologies

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SLIDE 12

CPS software is not as standardized or reusable as hardware

Why Software Doesn’t Improve as Consistently

Standard/COTS/GOTS Hardware & Networks

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SLIDE 13

Standard/COTS/GOTS Hardware & Networks Proprietary & Stovepiped Application/Infrastructure Software

Why Software Doesn’t Improve as Consistently

CPS software is not as standardized or reusable as hardware

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SLIDE 14

Software developers often manually rediscover & reinvent “point solutions” that are expensive to develop, integrate, validate, & sustain

Why Software Doesn’t Improve as Consistently

CPS software is not as standardized or reusable as hardware Proprietary & Stovepiped Application/Infrastructure Software

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SLIDE 15

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Technology Challenges

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SLIDE 16

CPS Software Challenges

F/A-22 SBIRS High Future Combat System (FCS) DDG 1000 Joint Tactical Radio Systems (JTRS)

“New GAO report highlights $6.9 billion in over-budget IT projects at the Department of Defense” – ZDNet, 9/30/2010

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SLIDE 17

Source: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics

CPS Software is Growing in Size & Importance

Software & testing delays push costs above the Congressional ceiling Multi-year delays associated with software & system stability

% of Specification Requirements Involving Software Control

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SLIDE 18

Source: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics

CPS Software is Growing in Size & Importance

Source: FY11 Air Force SAB study on “Sustaining Aging Aircraft”

% of Specification Requirements Involving Software Control

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SLIDE 19

Source: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics

CPS Software is Growing in Size & Importance

Source: FY11 Air Force SAB study

  • n “Sustaining Aging Aircraft”

CPS increasingly depend on software, but it's hard to motivate investments in software research

45% reduction in constant dollars for software research (SDP & HCSS)

From NRC Report Critical Code: Software Producibility for Defense (2010), sponsored by Office of Secretary of Defense www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12979&page=R1

% of Specification Requirements Involving Software Control

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SLIDE 20

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 21

Gap between (1) IT needs for CPS & (2) IT that can be afforded given

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 22

Gap between (1) IT needs for CPS & (2) IT that can be afforded given

  • Current technology maturity

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 23

Gap between (1) IT needs for CPS & (2) IT that can be afforded given

  • Current technology maturity
  • Limited software R&D investment

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 24

Gap between (1) IT needs for CPS & (2) IT that can be afforded given

  • Current technology maturity
  • Limited software R&D investment
  • Atrophy of government expertise

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 25

Industry R&D Alone is Insufficient

  • Targeted for specific products

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 26

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

Industry R&D Alone is Insufficient

  • Targeted for specific products
  • Focus is on selling products

– dependability is lower priority

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 27

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

Industry R&D Alone is Insufficient

  • Targeted for specific products
  • Focus is on selling products
  • LSIs haven’t viewed software

as profit driver historically

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 28

CPS Software Misconceptions versus Reality

Industry R&D Alone is Insufficient

  • Targeted for specific products
  • Focus is on selling products
  • LSIs haven’t viewed software

as profit driver historically

  • Global resourcing for R&D is

limited in the mil/aero domain

MICROSOFT MICROSOFT CISCO CISCO SUN SUN

DARPA DARPA

IBM IBM

Misconception IT industry is a well-populated oasis for mission-critical CPS programs

Microsoft Cisco IBM HP Google Apple Xerox PARC Facebook Oracle

DARPA DARPA CMU CMU Stanford Stanford USC ISI USC ISI

MIT MIT

Reality R&D investment needed to transform IT desert into arable land for CPS

DARPA SEI DOE NASA NIST DoD Service Labs FAA NSF

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SLIDE 29

A Path Forward

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SLIDE 30

Requirements Formulation & Sponsorship Domain Expertise & Systems Integration

Advance the practice of mission-critical CPS via intentionally coordinated research & OSA-based technology transition

EXPLORE CREATE APPLY AMPLIFY SUSTAIN

Elements of a Collaborative R&D Strategy

Academia & R&D Labs DoD & COTS Industry Programs & Agencies

S&T Innovations & Risk Reduction

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SLIDE 31

Requirements Formulation & Sponsorship

EXPLORE CREATE APPLY AMPLIFY SUSTAIN

Elements of a Collaborative R&D Strategy

Academia & R&D Labs DoD & COTS Industry Programs & Agencies

Advance the practice of mission-critical CPS via intentionally coordinated research & OSA-based technology transition

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SLIDE 32

Domain Expertise & Systems Integration

EXPLORE CREATE APPLY AMPLIFY SUSTAIN

Elements of a Collaborative R&D Strategy

Academia & R&D Labs DoD & COTS Industry Programs & Agencies

Advance the practice of mission-critical CPS via intentionally coordinated research & OSA-based technology transition

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SLIDE 33

S&T Innovations & Risk Reduction

EXPLORE CREATE APPLY AMPLIFY SUSTAIN

Elements of a Collaborative R&D Strategy

Academia & R&D Labs DoD & COTS Industry Programs & Agencies

Advance the practice of mission-critical CPS via intentionally coordinated research & OSA-based technology transition

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SLIDE 34

Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a COTS World

Premium value & competitive advantage flows to programs, companies, & individuals that

  • Invest wisely in R&D
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SLIDE 35

Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a COTS World

Premium value & competitive advantage flows to programs, companies, & individuals that

  • Invest wisely in R&D
  • e.g., leveraging advances

in COTS hardware & software

Domain-Specific Services Common Middleware Services Distribution Middleware Host I nfrastructure Middleware Operating Systems & Protocols

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SLIDE 36

Keeping an Unfair Advantage in a COTS World

Premium value & competitive advantage flows to programs, companies, & individuals that

  • Invest wisely in R&D
  • Master principles, patterns, &

protocols needed to integrate COTS hardware & software in complex systems that can't be bought off-the-shelf (yet)

Common Infrastructure Capabilities Common Data Capabilities Common Domain Capabilities External Interfaces Comms Radars Launchers Other