Kay Fjrtoft, SINTEF Ocean Tony Haugen, Kongsberg Seatex The IMAT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Kay Fjrtoft, SINTEF Ocean Tony Haugen, Kongsberg Seatex The IMAT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Kay Fjrtoft, SINTEF Ocean Tony Haugen, Kongsberg Seatex The IMAT project will develop and test land-based sensors, The main purpose is to define the minimum shore-based infrastructure, communication systems and control systems used as a


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Kay Fjørtoft, SINTEF Ocean Tony Haugen, Kongsberg Seatex

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The IMAT project will develop and test land-based sensors, communication systems and control systems used as a support to autonomous vessels navigation and operation.

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Project manager: kay.fjortoft@sintef.no

Project focus areas:  Verification and integration of land-based sensor data with sensor data from autonomous vessels.  Adaptation of land-based surveillance technology for data fusion and automatic transfer of navigation data between infrastructure installations, control centres and vessels.  Ensure the human-in-the loop when implementing new technology.  Standardization of messages and technology, interaction procedures, robust technology for digital information exchange between the systems and parties.  Development of new guidelines for interaction, new regulations and standards for information exchange.

The main purpose is to define the minimum shore-based infrastructure, in order to conduct safe and cost effective integrated maritime transport

  • perations.
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MBR DGNSS AIS VDES

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The paper; Integrated Maritime Autonomous Transport System (IMAT)

  • Introduction to the IMAT concept
  • Integrated Maritime Autonomous System
  • Addressing the hazards and compare with

sensor site infrastructure

  • The use case Yara Birkeland
  • Summary

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⇒ It is about the transport system, not only the vessel ⇒ Autonomous shipping needs digital infrastructure ⇒ Autonomous shipping must be safer than conventional ⇒ The humans must be is in the loop ⇒ An autonomous vessel has nothing to do in a "stupid" infrastructure that can not support

  • perations
  • r RCC (Remote Control Centre)
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Introduction to the IMAT concept

  • 1. Sensors and communication infrastructure
  • 2. Local monitoring and information Centre
  • 3. Shore Control Centre
  • 4. Collaboration

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"A fully autonomous vessel will be without crew on board. How can we operate a MASS as good as, or even better than a conventional vessel with crew and how can land based infrastructure assist?".

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Sensor and communication infrastructure

  • Sensors
  • On board the vessel
  • Sensor infrastructure
  • Communication
  • On board the vessel
  • With other vessels
  • With the infrastructure
  • With the Control Centre

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  • It depends on the level of

autonomy!

  • It depends on the level of

security!

  • It depends on the level of

communication capabilities

  • It depends on collaboration

with other vessels and stakeholders

  • It depends on the ……
  • There are no room for failures

in implementing autonomous transport systems

https://loveforquotes.com

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Local monitoring and information centre

  • The main goal will be to provide enough data, that

are needed to build awareness and trust

  • A LMC will have different requirements to different
  • peration types
  • Typical information elements; traffic data, local data

in the area, integration possibilities, processing, analytics, provision, digital ports, etc.

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Shore Control Centre

  • Operational requirements
  • Technological requirements
  • Communication requirements
  • Collaboration requirements
  • Regulation requirements
  • Knowledge requirements

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There are several initiatives to standardize

  • perational procedures,

and to develop guidelines how to do operation of autonomous vessels

A Concept of Operation (CONOPS) refer to the awareness of a situation. It gives the perception

  • f an event with respect to time and condition,

and the system behavior (actual and future). A CONOPS will address the human factors in the MASS operation aspect:

  • Situation and automation awareness
  • The understanding between

automation and human role

  • User experiences and usability of the

solutions

  • Trust in automation
  • Graphical user interface and

visualization

  • Hazards reflections
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Collaboration

  • Between technologies and sensors
  • Between humans
  • Between humans and machine
  • Between organizations
  • Between conventional and autonomous
  • Between regulators and operators
  • Between providers and users

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The future will be more digital, and Machine to Machine integration will be normal procedure. The humans will still be in the loop, but in "another loop".

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Integrated Maritime Autonomous System

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TRANSP SPORT TRANSP SPORT CUSTOME MER

Transport to vessel Remote Monitoring & Control Shipping plan Sailing plan Loading and Stability Mission plan (SCC) Reporting Unloading and Ballast Maintenance & Reenergize Manning (SCC) Transport to customer Decision support

Onshore Systems Ship Systems Remote Control

PRODUCTION PACKING TRANSPORT TERMINAL TRANSPORT CRANE VESSEL TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TERMINAL TRANSPORT CRANE CUSTOMER Source: Massterly

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Addressing the hazards and compare with sensor site infrastructure

  • Hazards for the voyage
  • Hazards for the navigation
  • Hazards for the detection
  • Hazards for the communication
  • Hazards for the ship integrity, machinery and systems
  • Hazards for the cargo and passenger management
  • Hazards for the remote control
  • Hazards for the security

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Hazards for the voyage

  • Hazards for the voyage
  • Planning of an operation
  • The interaction between SCC and the MASS
  • The infrastructure, sensors and communication capabilities
  • The possibilities to recover

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Sensor Site Human error in input of voyage plan Failure of updated information (nautical, weather, publications) Failure in position fixing (due to e.g. GPS selective availability) Hazards for the voyage

Figure 1 - Density map. Source: Marinetraffic.com

It must be possible to use different sensor sources, for positioning fixing. Cyber attack such as jamming is more and more common. Resilient PNT (Position, Navigation, Timing) is important for autonomous shipping.

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Hazards for the navigation

  • Shore-based infrastructure can be used for
  • Identify traffic (AIS, Camera, Radar, histogram, etc)
  • Identify weather (weather radars, met.no, information sources)
  • Identify visibility (land based infrastructure as an extra eye)
  • Collision avoidance (traffic tools, ECDIS, etc)
  • Collision with objects (position based on observations, inform vessels)
  • Collision wildlife (avoid area, notify traffic from land based sources)
  • Collision infrastructure (redundancy, human interventions when

needed, assistance in navigation)

  • Loss of stability due to ship response (hard to trust land-based

infrastructure)

  • Loss of stability due to ship response (hard to detect ice from shore

infrastructure)

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Heavy traffic Heavy weather or unforeseeable events (e.g. freak wave) Low visibility Collision with other ships or offshore infrastructures Collision with floating objects Collision with marine wildlife (e.g. whales, squids, carcasses) Collision with onshore infrastructures or failure in mooring process Loss of intact stability due to unfavorable ship responses (e.g. to waves) Loss of intact stability due to icing Hazards for the navigation

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Figure 1 - Hazards for the detection

Failure in detection of small objects (wreckage) Failure in detection of collision targets Failure in detection of navigational marks Failure in detection of ship lights, sounds or shapes Failure in detection of semi-submerged towed or floating devices (e.g. seismic gauges, fishing Failure in detection of discrepancy between charted and sounded water depth (e.g. wreckage) Failure in detection of discrepancy between weather forecast and actual weather situation Failure in detection of slamming or high vibration Hazards for the detection Figure 1 - Hazards for the communication Reduction of communication performance (e.g insufficient bandwidth) Communication failure (e.g. with SCC, with relevant authorities, with ships in vicinity) Communication failure with another ship in distress Failure in data integrity (e.g. error in data transmission) Hazards for the communication Figure 1 - Hazards for the cargo and passenger management

Water flooding due to structural damage or watertightness device failure Fire Sensor or actuator failure Temporary or permanent loss of electricity (e.g. due to black-out) Propulsion or steering failure Failure of ship's IT systems (e.g. due to bugs) Failure of ship's IT infrastructure (e.g. due to fire in the server room) Failure of anchoring devices when drifting Hazards for the ship integrity, machinery and systems Figure 1 - Hazards for the cargo and passenger management Too many cargo or passenger aboard (overload) Loss of intact stability due to shift and/or liquefaction of cargo or due to cargo

  • verboard

Passenger overboard Passenger illness Passenger injured during arrival or departure Passenger interfering in an aboard system Hazards for the cargo and passenger management

Figure 1 - Hazards for the remote control

Unavailability of SCC (fire, environmental phenomenon...) or of operators (faitness, emergency situation, etc.) Human error in remote monitoring and control (e.g. through situation unawareness, Human error in remote maintenance Hazards for the remote control

Figure 1 - Hazards for the security

Willful damage to ship structures by others (e.g. pirates, terrorists) Attempt of unauthorised ship boarding (e.g. pirates, terrorists, stowaways, smugglers) Jamming or spoofing of AIS or GPS signals Jamming or spoofing of communications, hacker attack, also on RCC (e.g. in case of pirate or terrorist attack) Failure in data confidentiality (e.g. data interception by unauthorized 3rd party) Hazards for the security

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  • A possible way of planning a

voyage

Yara Birkeland

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Position Planned Info object Status/Deviation Operations/Time Sensors available A

(59.12, 9.61)

  • Dep: 10:00
  • Send dep message

and voyage plan to LMC and VTS

  • Speed: 4 knots
  • SCC info on AIS-

message

  • Port camera (Cam_1,

Cam_2)

  • Vessel camera

(Cam_1, Cam_2)

  • AIS-picture
  • Radar
  • MetHyd-data
  • 4G coverage

Dep: 10:02

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The use case Yara Birkeland

  • The autonomous transport operation planned for Yara

Birkeland is the first real autonomous transport

  • peration planned of this scale. CONOPS is one way of

planning.

  • Experiences from conventional shipping. Three steps

1. with crew 2. remote operation, 3. computer based sailing

  • Testa areas for autonomous ships is important in the

development steps of safe autonomous maritime ship.

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Summary

  • The main objectives of the IMAT project is to define, develop

and test the minimum land-based infrastructure

  • It is essential to build confidence regarding safety
  • Safe development must be done by focusing the:
  • Technology, standards, sensors and infrastructure
  • The information needs for decision making, and the human knowledge and the

humans place in the loop

  • Regulations and operational requirements
  • Shore-based infrastructure will be important for the

planning of a robust autonomous transport system

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