K irt rtla nd A Air F r F orc rce B B a se F ue e l l - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
k irt rtla nd a air f r f orc rce b b a se f ue e l l s s
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

K irt rtla nd A Air F r F orc rce B B a se F ue e l l - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 06, 2024 25 likes •339 views

K irt rtla nd A Air F r F orc rce B B a se F ue e l l S S pill C C le e a a nup O O c ctobe r 1 1 4, 201 201 5 Prepared by Dennis McQuillan, Geologist and Diane Agnew, Hydrogeologist A Partnership for Success A

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Prepared by Dennis McQuillan, Geologist and Diane Agnew, Hydrogeologist

K irt rtla nd A Air F r F

  • rc

rce B B a se F ue l e l S S pill C C le a e a nup

O c O ctobe r 1 1 4, 201 201 5

slide-2
SLIDE 2

A Partnership for Success

2

A collaborative technical team is solving the complex hydrogeologic and engineering challenges posed by fuel spill

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Santa Fe Gp., undivided

Middle Rio Grande Basin

Jemez Mts.

Xsec from Connell, 2006

Ancestral Rio Grande Sediments Alluvial Fan

slide-4
SLIDE 4

4

Alluvial Fan Sediments Ancestral Rio Grande Sediments

Cross Section ~ West-East Along Gibson

EDB

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Rio Grande Braided Stream Channel Belt

5

Shallow EDB Plume Rio Grande Braided Stream In Albuquerque South Valley

Paleo Channel Belt Active Channel Belt

slide-6
SLIDE 6

KAFB Fuel Spill History

  • 1951-53 – Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB) Bulk Fuels Facility (BFF) constructed
  • 1975 – Handling of aviation gasoline containing the additive ethylene

dibromide (EDB) discontinued

  • 1999 – KAFB notified NMED of soil contamination from underground piping

leak, and ceased use of piping

  • 2001 – KAFB notified NMED of groundwater contamination with dissolved

fuel constituents

  • 2003 – Soil vapor extraction (SVE) begins to vacuum contaminants from soil
  • 2007 – Fuel (light non-aqueous phase liquid, LNAPL) discovered floating on

groundwater

  • 2009 – Water level rise begins to submerge LNAPL within aquifer
  • 2014-15 – Inter-agency partnership, additional interim measures
  • 2015 – Groundwater cleanup begins

6

slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

Vadose Zone Dissolved Phase Plume LNAPL Zone

Anatomy of a Fuel Spill

Adapted from Delin et al., 1998, USGS Fact Sheet FS-084-98

slide-8
SLIDE 8

What is EDB?

  • Ethylene dibromide (EDB) is a colorless liquid

that is found naturally in oceans and is also manufactured for industrial purposes.

  • Use of EDB as a pesticide was banned in 1984.
  • Until 1983, EDB was used as an anti-knock

agent in leaded gasoline and aviation fuel For more information visit the sites below: United States Environmental Protection Agency http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinf

  • rmation/ethylene-dibromide.cfm

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=11 43&tid=251

8

C2H4Br2

slide-9
SLIDE 9

9

RCRA Corrective Action Timeline 2015-17

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Regulatory Basis

10

The New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) has been granted primacy by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to administer:

  • The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) program; and
  • The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program

Public water systems, the ABC Water Utility Authority, Kirtland AFB and the VA Hospital, must deliver water to consumers that meets SDWA standards. Kirtland AFB must comply with their RCRA Hazardous Waste Permit, including the Corrective Action Process.

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Drinking Water Protection

11

  • EPA and NMED both recommend that EDB be kept to zero concentration in

drinking water. However, the enforceable standard is set at 0.05 µg/L.

  • Federal law requires testing once every 3 years for EDB and benzene; sampling

increases to quarterly if contaminants are detected.

  • Drinking water supply wells in the area are being tested monthly.
  • No detections of any fuel contaminants in any production well.
  • EDB regulatory detection limit = 0.01 µg/L for public water systems.
  • Sentinel wells have been installed to provide early detection of any plume

migration in the direction of the water supply wells.

EDB Drinking Water Standards U.S. EPA 0.05 µg/L State of New Mexico 0.05 µg/L

Dissolved EDB will not be allowed to impact any drinking water supply system at detectable concentrations.

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Monthly Wellhead Testing Shows No Drinking Water Contamination

12

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Protecting Drinking Water Wells

13

KAFB-16 (inactive) VA Well

EDB not detected Shallow & Intermediate EDB detected Intermediate

KAFB-15 (inactive) Burton-5 San Mateo Zuni Louisiana KAFB-3 Ridgecrest-3 Ridgecrest-5

Observation well for extraction

slide-14
SLIDE 14

14

Collapsing the EDB Plume

KAFB Boundary First Extraction Well 2nd and 3rd Extraction Wells (2015) Injection of Treated Water at KAFB 7 Carbon Treatment Systems Treated Water

(EDB not detectable)

Used for Irrigation at KAFB Golf Course

slide-15
SLIDE 15

15

Collapsing the EDB Plume

Dissolved EDB Extraction Wells

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Groundwater Pump-and-Treat Full-Scale System

16

Control Wire Installation

Excavation and leveling of building pad Discharge point at Tijeras Golf Course pond on Kirtland AFB Pump on skid for full- scale treatment system Pouring of floor of building GAC tanks and building walls

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Soil Vapor Extraction

  • More than 600,000 gallons of fuel recovered by SVE
  • After 12 years of SVE, soil vapor concentrations are decreasing
  • Vapor is treated in accordance with City of Albuquerque Air

Quality Permit requirements

  • SVE rebound and bio-respiration testing completed in July 2015

17

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Alluvial Fan

18

Inner Floodplain

River Gravel Deposited on Finer Grained Sediment

Permeability differences control the migration of fuel and the recovery of fuel vapor by SVE

Conceptual SVE Well

SVE vapor flow greater in high permeability zones Conceptual Fuel Spill Low permeability zones can retain contaminants

slide-19
SLIDE 19

In Situ Respiration Testing

19

  • Soil bacteria consume hydrocarbons with oxygen and emit

carbon dioxide

  • Measured oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon vapor

will help identify:

  • Areas for continued SVE
  • Areas where treatment should switch from SVE to

bioventing

  • Areas that need no further treatment

Find the sweet spot for biodegradation and enhance it.

slide-20
SLIDE 20

SVE Shutdown Rebounding Testing

Hydrocarbon concentrations remained stable

2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 15000 17500 30 60 90

Hydrocarbon ppmv Days Elapsed

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 30 60 90

Hydrocarbon ppmv Days Elapsed

Hydrocarbon concentrations increased (rebounded) SVMW-03 at 250 ft below ground surface SVMW-03 at 300 ft below ground surface

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Soil Bio-Respiration Testing

21

Naturally occurring soil bacteria are present throughout subsurface Bacteria consume O2, produce CO2 as they biodegrade or “eat” fuel

Benzene

O2 O2 O2 O2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

SVMW-03 at 250 ft below ground surface

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 20 40 60 80 100

Percent CO2 and O2 Days elapsed from SVE shutdown

CO2 % O2 %

CO2% O2%

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Bio-Venting

  • Air is injected into the vadose zone to deliver oxygen to soil

bacteria to help them biodegrade contaminants

22

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Suitability Ranges for SVE and Bioventing

23

EPA Bioventing Manual 1995

SVE Good SVE Suitable SVE Poor

EDB Gasoline JP-4 Diesel/JP-8

Bioventing Poor Bioventing Good Bioventing Excellent

Benzene

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Laboratory Microcosm Testing

24

Identify potential technologies to biodegrade EDB

Killed Control Live Control Nutrients Sulfate & Nutrients Killed Control Oxygen & Nutrients Lactate, Iron, & Bacteria Sulfate, Iron, & Nutrients Lactate, Iron, Sulfate, & Nutrients

Anaerobic conditions without oxygen Aerobic conditions with oxygen

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Anaerobic Biodegradation Pilot Test

25

Groundwater Flow

Treatment Zone Amendments

Groundwater Recirculation

  • Pump groundwater - Add amendments
  • Inject amended water up-gradient to create recirculation cell to

support anaerobic biodegradation EDB

Amendments: nutrients, lactate substrate, and EDB-degrading bacteria

slide-26
SLIDE 26

LNAPL Clean Up

26

  • Technically challenging due to groundwater depth and

submerged LNAPL from rising water table

  • Screening potential technologies for interim measures
  • Conduct laboratory and field scale pilot tests for potentially

suitable technologies

  • Collect continuous core samples from the source area to

determine evaluate presence and nature of LNAPL at the site

slide-27
SLIDE 27

2015 Site Status

  • 4020 tons of contaminated soil excavated since 2000
  • 287 soil monitoring wells installed since 2000
  • More than 600,000 gallons of fuel recovered by SVE since 2003;

soil vapor levels are decreasing

  • 135 groundwater monitoring wells installed since 2000
  • Water table continues to rise
  • Groundwater plumes are relatively stable
  • Monthly testing of drinking water wells continues to show no

evidence of contamination

  • No contaminant detects in any sentinel wells
  • First of up to 8 extraction wells to collapse EDB plume began
  • peration in June 2015 with an additional two online by end of the

year

27

slide-28
SLIDE 28

NMED Strategic Plan Summary

Goal: Protect Albuquerque’s aquifer and the drinking water supply wells in the area of the fuel spill

Strategies to Achieve the Goal: 1) Continue robust groundwater and wellhead monitoring 2) Collapse the dissolved EDB Plume away from the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Aquifer Wells 3) Clean up soil in the spill area 4) Remediate Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) and associated dissolved phases in the LNAPL area 5) Meet or exceed all requirements for providing public information and involvement

28

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Thank You Neighborhoods!

29

The Air Force, NMED, and all the collaborating organizations sincerely thank the neighborhoods for putting up with the temporary road blocks and noise from the well drilling rigs

slide-30
SLIDE 30

30

  • Public Field Trip – October 24, 2015 (registration closed)
  • Public Meeting – November 17, 2015

Upcoming Events

slide-31
SLIDE 31

How do I get more information?

31

Contact NMED:

Dennis McQuillan, Jill Turner, KAFB project technical lead KAFB project communications lead dennis.mcquillan@state.nm.us jill.turner@state.nm.us 505-827-2140 505-222-9548

NMED Website and Listserv: http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/

Contact the Air Force:

Air Force Civil Engineer Center Office of Public Affairs 2261 Hughes Ave, Ste 155 Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland TX 78236-9853 (210) 925-0956 or (866) 725-7617 Email: afcec.pa@us.af.mil

Air Force BFF-specific spill website: www.kirtlandjetfuelremediation.com Kirtland AFB website at http://www.kirtland.af.mil in the Environmental Issues section for Public Records.