[PPT] - Joan Trulln Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona (UAB) Vittorio PowerPoint Presentation

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Joan Trullén Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)

CONFERENCE 1

OPEN SESSION – HIGH-LEVEL CONFERENCE EFFECTIVE POLICIES FOR URBAN ENERGY TRAN“ITION Barcelona, 8 June 2017

Vittorio Galletto Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB)

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New Strategies for Local Development: a case study of Barcelona.

Joan Trullén / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Vittorio Galletto / Institut d’Estudis Regionals i Metropolitans de Barcelona

FUNSEAM Faculty of Economics and Business Universitat de Barcelona June 8th, 2017

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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Acknowledgment and pertinence of the seminar International context: economic crisis and strategic changes in the globalization process. Inequality Growth

Protectionism USA/Brexit vs. France/Germany
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership

Agreement Vs. EMU

OECD/World Bank: Inclusive growth

Local context: the role of cities. UN Habitat 2016/Quito OECD: The New York Proposal for Inclusive Growth in Cities (2016)

1. Introduction and objectives
1. Introduction and objectives

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Theoretical framework: Piketty (Capital in the XXI Century): Globalization entails an increase in the weight of capital in the functional distribution of income, which translates into a tendency towards a deterioration in the personal distribution of income. Economies

f scale / Large firms.

Giacomo Becattini / Neo-Marshallian Analysis: Socioterritorial approach/Marshallian Industrial District Cooperation and competition / increasing returns / external economies. Small firms.

1. Introduction and objectives
1. Introduction and objectives

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Hypothesis: The cities compete: Roberto Camagni. The role of urban external economies in the growth of competitiveness. Urban policies count. The trend towards an imbalance in productivity growth at urban

scale. Baumol’s cost disease. Different trends in productivity

growth between activities exposed to external competition and local public services (Baumol-Bowen 1966: Performing arts: the economic dilemma). Urban Competitiveness and Social Inclusion are compatible if an active urban policy is adopted

1. Introduction and objectives
1. Introduction and objectives

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The thesis: Combine productivity growth with inclusiveness. No to

protectionism. The role of urban policies in raising

productivity is strategic: territorial factors are crucial to productivity growth. But so is the role of inclusive policies to improve the distribution of income. is it possible to combine them? Barcelona 1986-2008: it is possible to grow and at the same time reduce inequality by adopting inclusive urban or metropolitan growth models. The role of urban policy is

fundamental. The Great Recession 2009-2014: regression.

Recovery from 2015 ...

1. Introduction and objectives
1. Introduction and objectives

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Strategy: brains & infrastructures.

Economies external to firms and of a territorial nature:

brains & infrastructures

Boosting external economies at both local and

national levels

Promote cooperation between companies: R&D,

Innovation, Technology centers.

Adapt urbanism to the knowledge economy strategy.
Correct the trend towards increasing inequality

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1. Introducción y objetivos
1. Introduction and objectives

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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Source: IERMB

Barcelona, Metropolitan Region (AMB), functional metropolitan region

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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1. Introduction and objectives

How has the Barcelona metropolis expanded geographically? 1. Between 1986 y 2001, the metropolis of Barcelona established itself as one of the biggest European metropolis. 2. In 2001, half of the labour market of the entire province

f Barcelona was in the metropolitan area.

3. The expansion of the metropolis occurred at the same time as the expansion of the markets in the EU. 4. Transport infrastructure is paramount.

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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Process of territorial expansion of metropolitan areas in Catalonia, 1986-2001.

a) 1986

Source: Own creation based on Trullén and Boix (2000), Boix and Galletto (2004), and Boix and Veneri (2008).

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2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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b) 1991

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Process of territorial expansion of metropolitan areas in Catalonia, 1986-2001.

Source: Own creation based on Trullén and Boix (2000), Boix and Galletto (2004), and Boix and Veneri (2008).

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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c) 1996

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Process of territorial expansion of metropolitan areas in Catalonia, 1986-2001.

Source: Own creation based on Trullén and Boix (2000), Boix and Galletto (2004), and Boix and Veneri (2008).

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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d) 2001

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Source: Own creation based on Trullén and Boix (2000), Boix and Galletto (2004), and Boix and Veneri (2008).

Process of territorial expansion of metropolitan areas in Catalonia, 1986-2001.

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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Barce-Lyon megaregion

Fuente: IERMB

1.2 Tendències territorials i econòmiques

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2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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1.2 Tendències territorials i econòmiques

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Barce-Lyon megaregion

Fuente: IERMB

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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Fuente: IERMB

1.2 Tendències territorials i econòmiques

Barce-Lyon megaregion in 2009: 25 million inhabitants, 700 billion euros GDP

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2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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Barcelona province population:

Year Population Population (1991=100) 1991 4.654.407 100,00 1995 4.713.494 101,27 2001 4.804.606 103,23 2005 5.226.354 112,29 2010 5.511.147 118,41 2014 5.523.784 118,69

Source: Idescat

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Creation of a global metropolis, 1991 – 2014

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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New local economic policy since 1980s:

Small-scale urbanism projects aiming for

equity (network of public services, transport, etc.)

1986, Barcelona is nominated as host for the

1992 Olympic Games

1986, Spain joins the European Union (EU)

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2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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1992 Olympic Games:

Response to the 1977-1985 crisis
Beyond Keynesianism: huge infrastructural leap
Putting Barcelona on the map: from large city to

global metropolis

Surge in employment
Large-scope urbanistic transformation

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2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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1. Introduction and objectives

Employment in Barcelona 1977 - 2016 and trend to 2024 (thousands)

Source: INE

Surge in employment: 1986-1996

1,605.3 2,652.2 2,364.8 y = 31.57x + 1264.1 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023

+759,4 +1.075

1986

Olympic Games / ECC

1996

Knowledge economy/ 3rd phase EMU

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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1992 Olympic Games: Urban Strategy

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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Convergence of GDP and EU-15

26,600 19,000 22,583 29,200 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 EU-28 EU-15 Spain Catalonia Barcelona*

GDP per capita of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, the EU-15 and the EU-28, euro PPS, 2000-2013

*Between 2000 and 2009, figures are estimations based on calculated GDP according to ESA-95 Source: IERMB from Eurostat

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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1. Introduction and objectives

Note: 2016 data provisional Source: Own elaboration from WTO Statistics database, DATACOMEX (AEAT) and Eurostat.

Weight of Catalan and Spanish exports on the UE15 total and world total, 1995-2016

Foreign sector

1.13 1.56 0.45 0.45 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

%

Catalunya on EU15 Catalunya on world total

2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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Knowledge as a factor in production
Information and knowledge
Skilled jobs/ Training/ R+D / Innovation
Identification of an economy based on

knowledge and its indicators of development (OECD 1996)

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The Barcelona, city of knowledge project (1997- 2001)

3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
Reuse of old industrial land in the centre of the Barcelona

metropolis as a location for new knowledge-intensive activities

Not substituting economic activity for residential
Fundamental economic principle: knowledge-rich activities

provide many more employment opportunities than old industrial activities

New urban economic strategy

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
Creation of zone 22@: a new urbanistic typology
Creation of zone 7@: a new system of public amenities
Special infrastructure plan
Network of centralised air conditioning and heating
Network of pneumatic refuse conveying systems
Telecommunications network
Electrical network

Urban policies

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
Changes in planning: NEW ZONING

Functional planning Sector Functional zoning like Le Corbusier (the “what is produced”) 22a (industrial activity) City based on knowledge Economy based on knowledge New zoning (the “how it’s produced”) 22@

New economic planning of industrial land

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
22@ Activities: changes in metropolitan planning

– Knowledge density – Qualified workers density – Use of new information technologies density

Policies

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Barcelona, a knowledge-based city: two large university hubs, two major railway stations of high-speed

UPC UB SANTS SAGRERA

22@BCN

UPF UAB

Brains Infrastructures PORT AIRPORT

3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

Source: Ajuntament de Barcelona.

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Source: Ajuntament de Barcelona.

Firms

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Transport infrastructure in Barcelona: High-speed train–La Sagrera intermodal station

Source: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Transport infrastructure in Barcelona : Barcelona airport, new terminal

Source: AENA.

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Infrastructure for innovation in Barcelona: Synchrotron light facility

Source: CELLS

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3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Employment and knowledge intensity, Barcelona city, 1998-2010.

38 456,456 388,233 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 High Low

Source: IERMB with the Dep. of Work GENCAT, SESS MTI y Eurostat

3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Employment and knowledge intensity, Barcelona province, 1998-2010.

39 827,891 968,406 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 High Low

Source: IERMB with the Dep. of Work GENCAT, SESS MTI y Eurostat

3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Increase in the number of businesses, compared with the 22@ district, 2000-2010.

105.5% 57.3% 60.0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

22@ Província of Barcelona Catalunya

Source: Molas, O. i M. Parellada (2011): "22@: 10 anys de transformació econòmica", in Revista Econòmica de Catalunya, no. 54, Monografic: “Economia del Coneixement i Territori”

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Firms in 2010 7,064 firms 225,652 firms 299,989 firms Firms in 2000 3,437 firms 143,411 firms 187,445 firms

3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context

Mega-region Population km2 hab/km2 Am-Brus-Twerp 62.331.069 166.218 375 Barce-Lyon 29.067.891 111.816 260 Berlin 4.540.513 5.566 816 Frank-Gart 34.753.485 114.870 303 Glas-burgh 3.863.299 11.852 326 Lisbon 10.459.976 40.974 255 London 51.846.094 111.972 463 Madrid 6.904.141 14.340 481 Paris 24.204.737 97.080 249 Prague 17.778.045 92.606 192 Rom-Mil-Tur 55.614.000 199.791 278 Vienna-Budapest 46.574.691 217.372 214 Total 347.937.941 1.184.456 294

Evolution de 12 European megaregions (1992-2009)

Source: IERMB

Main characteristics of megaregions (2009)

Source: IERMB

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5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 1995 2001 2007 2009

Am-Brus-Twerp Barce-Lyon Berlin Frank-Gart Glas-burgh Lisbon London Madrid Paris Prague Rom-Mil-Tur Vienna-Budapest

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1992 1995 2001 2006

Am-Brus-Twerp Barce-Lyon Berlin Frank-Gart Glas-burgh Lisbon London Madrid Paris Prague

Development of economic activity in European megaregions (GDP per capita)

Source: IERMB

Development of innovative activity in European megaregions (patents per million inhabitants)

There as been an increase in GDP per capita in all megaregions in the period 1995-2007. Signs of stagnation appear in 2008 due to the economic crisis. As for innovation, there is a slight rise in the number of patents per million inhabitants.

Source: IERMB

4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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1. Introduction and objectives

How has the crisis affected the metropolis of Barcelona? Large imbalances and the dual labor market

1. Unemployment rate reaches the highest value in the first

quarter of 2013: 24.4%

2. Between 2008 and 2013 the crisis has resulted in the

destruction of 0.5 million jobs (province of Barcelona).

3. The distribution of income has worsened to the value of 1995
4. Foreigners and young people: the great protagonists of the

adjustment in a dual labor market

5. The impact of the economic crisis

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1. Introduction and objectives

Unemployment rate Barcelona and Spain, 1977-2014

Source: EPA, INE

1. Unemployment rate reaches 24.4% in 1stQ 2013

25.1 23.4 6.2 24.4 14.7 21.7 24.6 7.9 26.9 18.6 5 10 15 20 25 30

1T 1977 4T 1977 3T 1978 2T 1979 1T 1980 4T 1980 3T 1981 2T 1982 1T 1983 4T 1983 3T 1984 2T 1985 1T 1986 4T 1986 3T 1987 2T 1988 1T 1989 4T 1989 3T 1990 2T 1991 1T 1992 4T 1992 3T 1993 2T 1994 1T 1995 4T 1995 3T 1996 2T 1997 1T 1998 4T 1998 3T 1999 2T 2000 1T 2001 4T 2001 3T 2002 2T 2003 1T 2004 4T 2004 3T 2005 2T 2006 1T 2007 4T 2007 3T 2008 2T 2009 1T 2010 4T 2010 3T 2011 2T 2012 1T 2013 4T 2013 3T 2014 2T 2015 1T 2016 4T 2016

% Barcelona Spain

5. The impact of the economic crisis

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1. Introduction and objectives

Employment in Barcelona 1977 - 2016 and trend to 2024 (thousands)

Source: INE

2. Destruction of 0.5 millions of jobs (2008-2013)

1,605.3 2,652.2 2,364.8 y = 31.57x + 1264.1 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023

+759,4 +1.075

1986

Olympic Games / ECC

1996

Knowledge economy/ 3rd phase EMU

2015

Mario Draghi Quantitative Easing/ ECB

5. The impact of the economic crisis

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1. Introduction and objectives

Note: Data for 1985 refer to the 27 municipalities of the former Metropolitan Corporation of Barcelona. Source: IERMB Survey of Living Conditions and Habits of the Population, 1985-2000; Idescat and IERMB Survey of Living Conditions and Habits of the Population, 2006-2011

Gini coefficient of disposable income. Barcelona and the rest of the Metropolitan Area (AMB), 1985-2011.

3. The income distribution worsens (1/2)

39.8 35.9 33.9 32.2 30.8 34.6 37.3 30.4 29.1 28.9 26.4 30.1

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1985 1990 1995 2000 2006 2011 Barcelona Rest of the AMB

5. The impact of the economic crisis

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1. Introduction and objectives

Gini coefficient of disposable income. Catalunya and Spain, 2004-2015 Gini coefficient of disposable income. Euro Area (18 countries), 2004-2015

Source: Eurostat, from EU-SILC. Source: Idescat and INE, from INE Survey of Living Conditions.

29.2 29.4 28.4 29.5 29.4 29.4 31.7 31.9 32.6 31.9 33.0 32.3 31.0 32.2 31.9 31.9 32.4 32.9 33.5 34.0 34.2 33.7 34.7 34.6 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Catalunya Spain

30.7 29.3 29.3 30.0 30.5 30.3 30.3 30.6 30.4 30.7 30.9 30.7

26 28 30 32 34 36 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

3. The income distribution worsens (2/2)
5. The impact of the economic crisis

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1. Introduction and objectives
4. Foreigners and young people: the great protagonists of the

adjustment in a dual labor market (1/2)

Unemployment rate by nationality, Barcelona; 2005- 2016

Source: IERMB from EPA microdata, INE

7.0 6.1 13.4 14.0 11.7 23.0 7.9 7.1 14.7 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 % Spanish Foreign Total

Unemployment rate by age, Barcelona; 2005- 2016

Source: IERMB from EPA microdata, INE

31.6 13.8 13.0 14.7 10 20 30 40 50 60 I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III I III 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 % 16 to 24 25 to 44 45 and older Total

5. The impact of the economic crisis

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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1. Introduction and objectives

Characteristics of the inclusive urban growth model:

1. It is not based on protectionism, but on well-regulated

globalization.

2. It is built upon urban-based productivity growth.
3. It needs improvement in income distribution, with redistribution

policies at local and national scales.

4. Education and training are key in creating the conditions

necessary for an inclusive growth model and an urban strategy is paramount: brains and infrastructures.

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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1. Introduction and objectives

Fundamental strategic objective: productivity growth 1. The passive route to productivity growth: internal

devaluation. Competition on labor costs. Current labor

reforms. 2. The active route to productivity growth: back to the industrial model, strengthening the knowledge economy, promotion of advanced services, strengthening metropolitan infrastructure. The new metropolitan strategy.

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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1. Introduction and objectives

A narrow but passable road to employment recovery: 1. External competitiveness 2. Promoting the active route: R&D, training and education, regional factors 3. The export manufacturing activities and export services activities (tourism and advanced services)

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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8
6
4
2

2 4 6 8 1Q 2001 3Q 2001 1Q 2002 3Q 2002 1Q 2003 3Q 2003 1Q 2004 3Q 2004 1Q 2005 3Q 2005 1Q 2006 3Q 2006 1Q 2007 3Q 2007 1Q 2008 3Q 2008 1Q 2009 3Q 2009 1Q 2010 3Q 2010 1Q 2011 3Q 2011 1Q 2012 3Q 2012 1Q 2013 3Q 2013 1Q 2014 3Q 2014 1Q 2015 3Q 2015 1Q 2016 3Q 2016 Contribution of domestic demand Contribution of foreign demand GDP Growth

Foreign demand Domestic demand Foreign and Domestic demand

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1. Introduction and objectives

Contribution of domestic and foreign demand to GDP growth in Catalonia, in percentage points, 2001 - 2014

Source: Idescat

Foreign sector

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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1. Introduction and objectives

Note: 2016 data provisional Source: Own elaboration from WTO Statistics database, DATACOMEX (AEAT) and Eurostat.

Weight of Catalan and Spanish exports on the UE15 total and world total, 1995- 2016

Foreign sector

1.13 1.56 0.45 0.45 4.70 6.20 1.89 1.80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

%

Catalunya on EU15 Catalunya on world total Spain on EU15 Spain on world total

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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Territorial factors to increase productivity

Source: Trullén, Joan (2015): “Creixement inclusiu: el gran repte estratègic metropolità”, en Anuari Metropolità de Barcelona 2014, IERMB-AMB.

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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1. Introduction and objectives

Urban policies based on 22@Barcelona

Reuse of the old industrial land: from 22a to 22@
Marshallian industrial district / Becattini: cooperation and competition
Localization Economies - Clusters / Innovative Business Groups /

Industrial policy for SMEs

Knowledge-intensive activities
Job density
Intensive use of Information and Communication Technologies
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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1. Introduction and objectives

Source: Trullén 2011, Camagni 2011 ESPON Project

Policy strategies for the Barcelona Province

6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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1. Introduction and objectives

Strategy for the metropolitan region of Barcelona: metropolitan area, orbital cities and transversal axis Model based on productivity growth α < β < γ

Source: Trullén 2011

Source: Own elabotarion.

α β γ Rent Distancefrom the centre Productivity levels in the proactive scenario Productivity levels in the reference scenario

Barcelona and Metropolitan Area Orbital cities and villages Tranversal axis Vic - Manresa - Igualada

Farm land rent

Difference in productivity growth rates: α < β < γ

Rent in the center

f the metropolis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model

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Index:

1. Introduction and Objectives
2. Barcelona 1986-2015: The creation of a global metropolis
3. The “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” project
4. The Barce-Lyon megaregion in a European context: indicators
f innovation
5. The impact of the economic crisis
6. Barcelona and the inclusive urban growth model
7. Conclusions

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1. Introduction and objectives
7. Conclusions

The metropolis of Barcelona should focus its strategy towards an inclusive growth model

The model must be oriented towards external demand, with a growing weight of the export manufacturing activities and advanced services activities This export-led growth has NOT to be based on wage reductions but on the territorial factors of productivity, which will lead to a relevant improvement of competitiveness

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1. Introduction and objectives
7. Conclusions

The metropolis of Barcelona should focus its strategy towards an inclusive growth model

The growth in the weight of manufacturing and of advanced services must translate into a growth in the weight of wages in Gross Value Added, given their higher wages Therefore, the aim is to make economic growth compatible with improving income distribution and so to return to a model of inclusive growth

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Anuario Metropolitano issues/available at www.iermb.

1. Introduction and objectives

REFERENCES

2011 2012 2013 2014

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General report on Living Conditions and Population Habits in Catalonia 2011 / Available on the IERMB network (Spanish version available)

1. Introduction and objectives

REFERENCES

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Barcelona, City of Knowledge project (1997- 2001)

Joan Trullén (2001): “El projecte Barcelona, Ciutat del Coneixement des de l’economia”, in Barcelona. Metròpolis Mediterrània, Monogràfic Ciutat del Coneixement, p. 16-25. Spanish version“El proyecto Barcelona -Ciudad del conocimiento desde la economía”, en F. Mosconi, F. Sole Parellada, A. Chantiri Zamudio (eds.): Política Industrial y tecnológica II, Edicions de la Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona. ISBN: 84-8301- 507-2. English version “Project “Barcelona, City of Knowledge” from the Economy” in Xosé Carlos Arias (director) (2001): Information, Technology and Territory/ Información, tecnologia e territorio, Consello da Cultura Galega, Santiago de Compostela, p. 417 a 433. REFERENCES

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Joan Trullén, 2011: “The ‘Barcelona, City of Knowledge’ project and the 22@ Barcelona”, in Revista Econòmica de Catalunya, núm. 64, 2011, Dossier: “Knowledge Economy and Territory”. English version July 2014. Joan Trullén: “An insight on the unit of analysis in urban research”, in Peter K. Kresl and Jaime Sobrino (eds.) (2013), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Urban Economics, Edward Elgar (with Rafael Boix and Vittorio Galletto). Joan Trullén: “Inclusive growth and urban strategies: the case of Barcelona” in Peter K. Kresl (2015), Cities and Partnerships for Sustainable Urban Development, Edward Elgar.

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Referencias REFERENCES

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Thank you for your attention

Joan Trullén / Vittorio Galletto

We gratefully acknowledge research help from IERMB staff: Marc Fíguls, Sandra Aguilera, Miquel Correa Contact:

Tel. +34 93 581 16 80 +34 93 586 88 80

E-mail: joan.trullen@uab.cat vittorio.galletto@uab.cat