Isometries WIMS Marina Cazzola Dipartimento di Matematica e - - PDF document

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Isometries WIMS Marina Cazzola Dipartimento di Matematica e - - PDF document

Isometries Teaching geometry Why isometries? Geometry or Geometries? Isometries and teacher training Symmetry Isometries, symmetry, teacher training and WIMS Tools Isometries WIMS Marina Cazzola Dipartimento di Matematica e


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SLIDE 1

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 1

Isometries, symmetry, teacher training and WIMS

Marina Cazzola Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Universit` a di Milano-Bicocca

12 June 2014

Isometries

Isometries

  • Teaching geometry
  • Why isometries?
  • Geometry or

Geometries?

  • Isometries and teacher

training Symmetry Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 2

Teaching geometry

Isometries

  • Teaching geometry
  • Why isometries?
  • Geometry or

Geometries?

  • Isometries and teacher

training Symmetry Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 3

Cycles in Italy

  • Primaria: grade 1 (6 years) to grade 5.
  • Secondaria di primo grado: grades 6, 7 and 8.
  • Secondaria di secondo grado: grades 9 to 13.

Teacher training

  • Primary: University teacher training degree

“Scienze della formazione primaria” (5 years)

  • Secondary: University degree (3 year + 2 year)

and “Tirocinio formativo attivo” (1 year)

Why isometries?

Isometries

  • Teaching geometry
  • Why isometries?
  • Geometry or

Geometries?

  • Isometries and teacher

training Symmetry Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 4

The scope of geometry was spectacularly broadened by Klein in his Erlanger Programm (Erlangen program) of 1872, which stressed the fact that, besides plane and solid Euclidean geometry, there are many other geometries equally worthy of attention. (H. S. M. Coxeter, Introduction to geometry, John Wiley & Sons Inc., second edition edition, 1969, p. ix)

Geometry or Geometries?

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 5

[. . . ] Euclidean geometry is by no means the only possible geometry: other kinds are just as logical, almost as useful, and in some respect simpler. According to the famous Enlargen program (Klein’s inaugural address at the University of Erlangen in 1872), the criterion that distinguishes one geometry from another is the group of transformations under which the proposition remain true. (ibid., p. 67) fet

Isometries and teacher training

Isometries

  • Teaching geometry
  • Why isometries?
  • Geometry or

Geometries?

  • Isometries and teacher

training Symmetry Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 6

Prospective teachers

  • I hate mathematics, I never understood

mathematics, I do not want to have anything to do with mathematics

  • I already know everything I need to know

In both cases we need to show them “something new” (possibly something likable).

Symmetry

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 7

Sym´ etrie

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 8

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SLIDE 2

Beautiful images

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 9

Beautiful images

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 10

Beautiful images

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 11

Beautiful images

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 12

Beautiful images

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 13

Wallpaper patterns

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 14

Analogy

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 15

Difference

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 16

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SLIDE 3

Deep mathematical concepts

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 17

  • Groups
  • the tool to describe “symmetry” of a figure is its

symmetry group i.e. the set of all isometries of the plane that leave the figure unchanged

Groups through images

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 18

Given a figure, you can find its symmetry group

r t q s

four reflections (σr, σt, σs e σq) with respect to the dashed lines (Something is missing)

Groups and images

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 19

Given a symmetry group you can build images with that symmetry The composition of two reflection with intersecting axes is a rotation

Groups and images

Isometries Symmetry

  • Sym´

etrie

  • Beautiful images
  • Deep mathematical

concepts

  • Groups through images
  • Rosettes with flowers
  • Breaking symmetry

Tools WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 20

Given a symmetry group you can build images with that symmetry D4

Shaping an idea

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 21

Milano Trento Seoul C5

Rosettes with flowers

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 22

Falso gelsomino Trachelospermum jasminoides

  • 5. (C5)

Verbena Verbena officinalis

∗5. (D5) Breaking symmetry

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 23

Breaking symmetry

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 24

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Tools

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 25

matematita

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 26

Interuniversity Research Center for the Communication and Informal Learning of Mathematics

http://www.matematita.it/

  • originates from the experience of promoting mathematics by

four Italian universities: Milano, Milano-Bicocca, Pisa and Trento

  • focus on informal learning as one of the main prerequisites to

any subsequent more formal learning

  • aims to identify the right form of contents and methods for this

type of communication

matematita

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 27

The word “matematita” resembles the word “matematica” which means “mathematics”. Also “mate” = maths “matita” = pencil doing mathematics with the pencil

matematita: products&offers

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 28

http://www.matematita.it/

  • training courses for pre-service and in-service teachers;
  • problem-based mathematical laboratories in school (both in

primary school and at a higher level);

  • interactive exhibitions;
  • web-based mathematical game contests;
  • iconographic references on mathematical topics.

Publishing: books&CDrom

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 29

Il ritmo delle forme

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 30

Publishing: books

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 31

http://www.quadernoaquadretti.it/ A magazine for secondary school students

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 32

http://www.xlatangente.it/

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SLIDE 5

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 33

Images for mathematics

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 34

http://www.matematita.it/materiale/

  • Use images to communicate mathematical ideas;
  • make matematita’s collection of images and animations

available by creating an online website. The website (∼ 10 000 images, constantly evolving) is designed to be user-friendly while still ensuring a high level of scientific correctness alongside top quality relevant images. Each image has a presentation with a full (mathematical) description, possibly connecting with other images.

Interactive exhibitions

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 35

Symmetry, playing with mirrors matemilano, mathematical explorations of the city matetrentino, mathematical explorations of Trento and its surroundings Transparent mathematics: minimal surfaces and soap bubbles

The exhibits

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 36

  • interactive
  • “interattivit`

a e libert` a di sperimentazione della mostra (non certo le mostre cui sono abituata io in cui si deve solo guardare, qualche volta ascoltare, ma mai toccare!)”1

  • multilevel
  • propose problems that can be experienced at

different levels, from different viewpoints

1“interactivity and freedom: not really the kind of exhibition I am familiar with,

where you are only allowed to watch, sometimes to listen, but never to touch”

Interactive

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 37

Rosettes

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 38

Wallpaper patterns

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 39

Wallpaper patterns

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 40

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SLIDE 6

Kaleido

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 41

Kaleido

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 42

Kaleido

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 43

Simetria

Isometries Symmetry Tools

  • matematita
  • Publishing
  • Il ritmo delle forme
  • Publishing
  • Images for mathematics
  • Interactive
  • Rosettes
  • Wallpaper patterns
  • Kaleido
  • Simetria

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 44

WIMS

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 45

Issues

Isometries Symmetry Tools WIMS

  • Issues

University of Milano-Bicocca – Dip. di Matematica e Applicazioni Symmetry and WIMS – pagina 46

  • what is an isometry? how do you deal with

isometries?

  • isometries and figures: apply an isometry to an

image

  • converse problem
  • symmetry
  • recognize symmetry
  • build symmetric figures