Is Cable Congestion a Threat to Cable Security? What is the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

conference & convention

Is Cable Congestion a Threat to Cable Security?

What is the solution? What is the solution?

Phil Footman-Williams

Tyco Electronics Subsea Communications

conference & convention

Presenter Profile

45 years in the marine environment Ship´ ´ ´ ´s Master and Lt Commander RNR 30 years in the submarine cable industry 30 years in the submarine cable industry Offshore, Inshore and Onshore project experience

Phil Footman-Williams Project Coordinator Email: pfootman@subcom.com Tel: (+34) 649 905 864

conference & convention

Contents

Cable Congestion - Background Cable Congestion - Consequences Multiple Cable Fault Locations Earthquake - Multiple Faults Anchoring - Multiple Faults Conclusions Recommendations / Solutions Postscript

conference & convention

Background to Cable Congestion

• CS Location Limitations

– Backhaul Route

Cable Station

• Seabed Route Suitability
• Natural Geographic Choke Points

Cable Station

– Backhaul Route – Beach Suitability – Marine Approaches – Permitting – Security

• Permitting Feasibility
• Other Seabed Users
• Other Marine Users
• Increased Installation Activity
• Lack of Available Routes

PRACTICAL ECONOMICAL

conference & convention

Consequences of Cable Congestion

• National, Business & Leisure Dependency on Global Communications
• Submarine Cables carry 95% of Global Communications
• Submarine Cables are a Critical Strategic Infrastructure
• Congestion results in real risk of Multiple Faults
• Multiple Faults result in Serious / Catastrophic Communication Loss
• Multiple Cable Faults / Failures have a Major Global Impact
• Recent Multiple Faults escalated to Governmental Level
• Submarine Cable Industry becoming focus of attention
• Potential for increased level of National and International Governance

conference & convention

Multiple Fault Locations

Earthquake Anchoring

conference & convention

Earthquake Algeria - May 2003

Cable Damage and Faults Cable Damage and Faults Cable Damage and Faults Cable Damage and Faults

• 5 out of 6 cables damaged
• 3 days to restore to 60% capacity
• 35 separate faults
• Damage zone: 50 miles

conference & convention

Earthquake Taiwan December 2006

Earthquake Resulting Severe 300 km Mud Flow

Diagrams courtesy Prof CS Liu Taiwan University; ICPC

• 9 out of 18 major cables damaged
• 90% of traffic affected
• 11 repair ships required
• 7 weeks disruption

conference & convention

Anchor Damage Single Ship Under Way at Speed

• Single ship causing multiple faults
• Accidental dropping of anchor at sea

Egypt 2008

• Eastern Mediterranean congested cable zone
• International Traffic seriously affected
• Island Nation virtually cut off

Malta 2008 2008

conference & convention

Anchor Damage – Numerous Separate Faults

SINGAPORE MALAYSIA AIS DISPLAY INDONESIA

Ships in Designated Anchorage Ships in Illegal Anchorage Shipping Lane Cable Routes

conference & convention

Anchoring Singapore Straits

Ships anchoring

Radar Screen of Repair Cableship

anchoring illegally inside shipping lane and close to cable routes

conference & convention

Cable Faults Overview Pattern

Pattern of Single Fault Incidents Multiple Fault Incidents Single Faults – widespread but manageable Multiple Faults – in choke points and critical

conference & convention

Cable Faults Overview

Cause Pre 2007 2007-2008

Faults 1959-2006

• Automatic Identification System (AIS) data
• Evidence points to more anchor faults
• Low geological fault incidence but higher impact

Cause Pre 2007 2007-2008 Fishing 44 % 33 % Anchors 14 % 48 %

conference & convention

Conclusions

• Submarine cables are a critical strategic infrastructure
• Cable congestion is the result of many factors
• Cable congestion is increasing
• Multiple cable fault Incidents occur world-wide
• Multiple cable fault Incidents occur world-wide
• Multiple faults are both natural and human error
• Natural causes are uncontrollable
• Human error causes are controllable
• Cable Corridors have been established but are not policed
• Improved Ship Surveillance techniques available

conference & convention

Recommendations / Solutions

• Congestion
• Increase cable owners´

´ ´ ´ cooperation at planning stage

• Increase cooperation between all seabed users
• Increase governmental / permitting / environmental support
• Routing
• Routing
• Route to avoid earthquake hot spots if feasible
• Route to avoid geographical choke points – overland if feasible
• Restoration
• Design System Architecture to enable rapid restoration in risk zones

conference & convention

Recommendations / Solutions

• Anchoring
• Increase training and cable awareness of ship crews
• Investigate introduction of additional Cable Corridors
• Increase regulation, vigilance and control
• Increase use of ship surveillance (AIS)
• Increase use of ship surveillance (AIS)
• Fault Management
• Increase restoration cooperation between cable owners
• Reduce permitting time for repair operations

conference & convention

Postscript

• Improved Cable restoration has lessened the impact of multiple faults
• Top level conferences held to discuss permitting improvements
• Studies into Eastern Mediterranean Overland routes into Indian Ocean

– use Arabian Peninsula to avoid Suez / Red Sea choke points – use Arabian Peninsula to avoid Suez / Red Sea choke points

• Anchoring control increased in Singapore Straits
• New no-anchoring and no-fishing zones established in some territories
• AIS being used to control / police anchoring

2010

enabling the next generation of networks & services

conference & convention

Pacifico Convention Plaza Yokohama & InterContinental The Grand Yokohama 11 ~ 14 May 2010 www.suboptic.org The 7th International Conference & Convention

• n Undersea Telecommunications