Introduction to IMUNC 2013 Young Diplomats Society 2013 The UN and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to IMUNC 2013

Young Diplomats Society 2013

The UN and its functions

United Nations

• An international organization
• Founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League
• f Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a

platform for dialogue

• Aims are: facilitating cooperation in international law,

international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace

• 193 member states since 2011 (out of 196 countries in the

world)

United Nations

United Nations

General Assembly Security Council Eco-soc Human Rights Council World Bank World Health Organisation Secretariat

UN secretariat

Administrative organ of the UN In an MUN conference, this is the organizing

committee

Lead by the UN Secretary General, currently Ban Ki-

Moon

supports the other UN bodies administratively, e.g. in

the organization of conferences, writing reports and studies, and the preparation of the budget-plan

General Assembly

• Deliberative assembly of all UN member states
• Each state has one vote
• May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states, or

suggestions to the UNSC

• Decides on the admission of new members proposed by

UNSC

• Elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC, all

members of ECOSOC, on the proposal of the UNSC the UN Secretary General, and the 15 judges of the ICJ

Security Council

• Responsible for the maintenance of international peace and

security

• the most powerful organ of the UN, as it may adopt

compulsory resolutions

• includes peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions, as

well as non-military pressure mediums, such as trade embargos

• 15 members- 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 elected

members

• Elected members stay for a term of one year

Security Council

Permanent Members USA UK China Russia France Elected Members Azerbaijan Argentina Australia Guatemala Republic of Korea Morocco Pakistan Luxembourg Rwanda Togo

Security Council

P5 nations have veto power over resolutions If any of these states vote against the resolution, the

resolution will fail regardless of the total number of votes

Economic and social council

Responsible for cooperation between states on

economic and social fields (e.g. raising the general standard of living, solve economic, social and health problems, promotion of human rights)

Coordinates the cooperation with the numerous

specialized agencies of the United Nations

Has 54 members, who are elected by the UN General

Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates

Human Rights Council

Inter-governmental body within the UN Deals with breaches with regards to the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Deals with issues like the provisions for fundamental

conditions

World Bank

• International Financial Institution
• Largest Funder: USA
• Created at the end of the Bretton Woods Conference

( conversion of gold as standard currency to USD as well as to fix exchange rates)

• Aim of Reduction of Global Poverty
• Provides loans to LEDCs at low interest rates
• Delegates in this council have varying amount of votes

especially if you belong to USA, etc. Please refer to the Protocol and Procedures booklet for more information

World Health Organisation

Health Arm of the UN Established on the 7th April 1948 Deals with International Public Health Objective of “attainment by all peoples of the highest

possible level of health”

Research

• What should be included in your research:
• Your country’s stance to the issue
• How the issue relates to/affects your country
• Your country’s existing policies regarding the issue
• Causes of the issue
• Consequences of the issue
• Possible solutions to the issue
• Other delegate’s stances (this is important if you are trying for awards)

Protocol and Procedure

Introductory speeches

Before discussing each of the primary and secondary issues Opening speeches should contain delegates’ stance towards the

issue currently being discussed and possible solution

No Contentions

Open Debate on the issue

After introductory speeches, the session will move into open

debate on the issue

The Chair will set a Speakers’ List Delegates may raise their placards to be added The order is at the discretion of the chairs

Moderated Caucus

Delegates speak on a particular topic relevant to the issue

being discussed

Used to focus the debate on a particular aspect of the issue

Unmoderated Caucus

Time where delegates are free to move around the council

venue and hold conversations with other delegates

Used to find delegates with similar stances to form alliances,

discuss debate strategies, formulating resolutions

The delegate which motioned for the unmoderated caucus

would have to go up to the podium at the end to summarise the happenings.

Speeches

The Chairs will regulate the speaking time for all speeches Time limit of 2 minutes If the speaker exceeds his time limit, the Chair will ask the

delegate to stop

Speeches should not involve direct attacks on any delegate or

his country

Yields

• At the end of every speech, delegates are required to yield their time to
• ne of the following 3 ways:

1.

Yield back to the chair: Any leftover time is nullified and the speaker will return to his seat, allowing for the next speaker to speak

2.

Yield to Points Of Information (POIs): Questions from any other delegates in the house, given that there is enough time remaining. Delegates could opt to open himself up to: A given number of POIs any and all POIs, or direct a POI to a particular delegate (essentially challenging the delegate)

3.

Yields to another delegate: The speaker’s remaining time will be added to another delegate from the house. (A minimum of 30 seconds to one minute is required, at the chairs discretion)

Prior to Introduction of Resolution

The Resolution should contain a minimum amount of

signatories (depending on councils), and maximum 2 co-

• submitters. Refer to the handout for more information

The delegate will pass a soft copy of the Resolution to the

Chair, which would then be evaluated and subjected to approval before being sent for printing

A copy of the Resolution will be distributed to all delegates via

soft copy

Introduction of Resolution

When the Main-Submitter wishes to introduce his Resolution,

he will motion for the introduction of the Resolution

Requires >50% majority of the council to pass The Main-Submitter will be called upon by the Chair to read

• ut all the operative clauses of the Resolution

Debate on the Resolution

• After the Main-Submitter has finished reading out the main operative

clauses, the council will move into Debate on the Resolution

• The Chair will open up a Speakers’ List “For” and “Against” the

resolution, as well as set a time limit

• The speakers list for would start first
• The Main-Submitter is required to speak FOR his resolution
• Co-Submitters are highly encouraged to do so and will be called upon

by the chairs should there be a lack of speakers

Open Debate on the Resolution

Once time for Closed Debate has elapsed, the council will move

into Open Debate on the Resolution

The Chair will open up a Speakers’ List, as well as set a time

limit

During Open Debate, motions for Moderated/Unmoderated

Caucuses and Introduction of Amendments are in order

Open Debate continues until time has elapsed Delegates could speak for or against the resolution

Amendments

During Open Debate on the Resolutions, delegates may want to

introduce amendments to the Resolution

Can involve:

• 1. Striking out clauses
• 2. Changing the content of existing clauses
• 3. Adding new clauses

2 types of amendments:

• 1. Friendly Amendments
• 2. Unfriendly Amendments

Friendly Amendments

An amendment which the Main-Submitter and all Co-

Submitters agree with

Requires signatures of the Main-Submitter and ALL Co-

Submitters

Automatically included in Resolution; No voting required

Unfriendly Amendments

Amendment proposed by a non-submitter of the resolution Requires debate for and against Requires a 2/3 majority to pass.

Voting on Resolution

• Once time for Open Debate on the Resolution has elapsed, the

council will move into voting on the Resolution as a whole

• All delegates are required to vote “FOR”, “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN”
• During this time, a motion to divide the house is in order should there

be abstentions ( the number has to be substantia)

• Resolutions required a 2/3 majority of the council in order to pass
• If resolution fails, the council will move back into Open Debate on the

issue until another resolution is introduced

• If resolution passes, the council will move into the next resolution/

next issue

Point/Motion Interrupt Speech Seconds Decided by Abstentions

Point of Personal Privilege Yes No Chair NA Point of Parliamentary Enquiry No No Chair NA Point of Order Yes No Chair NA Right to Reply Yes No Chair NA Motion for M/UM Caucus No Yes >50% maj NA Motion for Adjournment of Meeting No Yes >50% maj NA Motion to Recess No Yes >50% maj NA Motion for Intro of Amendment/ Reso No Yes >50% maj Yes Motion for Closure of Debate No Yes 2/3 maj Yes Motion to move into time against Amendment/Reso No Yes >50% maj Yes Motion to Move into Open Debate on the Amendment/Reso No Yes >50% maj Yes Motion to Limit/Extend Debate Time No Yes >50% maj Yes

Resolution Writing

Key Components to resolutions

Forum Main submitter: Co-submitter(s): Signatories: Topic:

Headers

Pre-ambulatory clauses

• Reflection of the background in which the resolution is premised
• n.
• Does not describe any and all action proposed
• No numbers allotted to the pre-ambulatory clauses

Operative clauses

Dictates the actions taken Can be in the form of:

• Directing the course of action
• Directing the actions of an organisation under the UN

Operative Clauses

Operative clauses (Organisations)

Establishment of

• rganisations

Includes the name of the

• rganisation

Describe its function Dictate its jurisdiction Sub-clauses advised Addition to existing

• rganisations

Just include the added function Sub-clauses if necessary

Operative clauses (Organisations)

Speaking

Speaking

Style:

• Always speak in 3rd person
• Maintain a audible pace, making pauses when necessary
• DO NOT speak too fast
• Aggression in moderation if required

Lobbying

Lobbying

State the objectives clearly Try to convince why the solutions are beneficial to that

particular country (this requires research)

DO NOT:

• Sit in a corner and stone
• Remain quiet throughout