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Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary at Lower Phalen Creek A Community-Led Project in Review Introduction The City of St. Paul and community partners have worked together to create the Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary. Cultural, archaeological, and

  1. Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary at Lower Phalen Creek A Community-Led Project in Review

  2. Introduction The City of St. Paul and community partners have worked together to create the Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary. Cultural, archaeological, and historic resources within the Sanctuary have been studied and protected.

  3. Federal Funding  Partial funds for the BVNS project are being provided by the National Park Service (NPS) and the EPA.  Under federal law, therefore, the project’s potential effects on historic properties must be documented.  Compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.

  4. Cultural and Archaeological Resources The 106 Group Ltd. has:  Initiated background historical research on the BVNS area.  Conducted Phase I and II Archaeological investigations.  Facilitated collaborative and ongoing consultation with Native tribes.

  5. Background Research  Archival research was used to identify areas within the Lower Phalen Creek project area that have a high potential to contain intact, significant historical archaeological sites.  Eight potential archaeological sites were subsequently evaluated for their historical integrity and National Register eligibility.

  6. Sites of Significance: The North Star Brewery  At the foot of Dayton’s Bluff stood one of the earliest breweries in the city of St. Paul.  Founded in 1855, the brewery eventually became the birthplace of the Jacob Schmidt brewing legacy.

  7. Sites of Significance: The North Star Brewery  Archaeological excavations revealed that the stone foundations of the North Star Brewery complex had survived beneath extensive layers of modern fill and railroad era deposits. Schmidt Brewery beer bottle

  8. Brewery Foundations  Foundation of the Brewery Storeroom (Right)  Foundation of 215 Commercial Street; Worker’s Housing (Below)

  9. The North Star Brewery and Associated Caves  The North Star Brewery utilized four caves within Dayton’s Bluff for storing and aging lager.

  10. The North Star Brewery and Associated Caves A Brewery Cave Chamber

  11. Sites of Significance: The North Star Brewery  The North Star Brewery is significant as one of the early, small-scale breweries that contributed to the development of the brewing industry within St. Paul during the late nineteenth century.  Foundations and associated structural elements provide the means to answer important research questions.  This site will be preserved and interpreted as part of the new sanctuary.

  12. Sites of Significance: Other Resources  The following post-contact resources were also formerly located along the bluff base:  The Ames and Hoyt Sawmill (1856)  The Sanford Sawmill (1856)  Shanties near the North Star Brewery  Lime House and/or Pop Bottling Facilities

  13. Sites of Significance: The Caves Previously identified cultural properties:

  14. Sites of Significance: The Caves The 106 Group Ltd. completed a survey and evaluation of Carver’s Cave and Dayton’s Bluff Cave using:  Primary and secondary documents  Oral interviews  Historical maps  Photographs  Field assessments

  15. Dayton’s Bluff Cave  The cave could not be fully evaluated: it is in a hollow, deeply buried and hidden from view.  Consequently, the presence/absence of the petrolyphs cannot be assessed at this time.

  16. Carver’s Cave/ WAKAN TIPI  Recommended as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.  The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) concurred.

  17. The Significance of Carver’s Cave  According to European explorer Jonathan Carver, the Dakota called the cave WAKAN TIPI  Petroglyphs in the cave were recorded in the late 1800s  The cave contains a spring-fed lake

  18. Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI Interior of Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI, 1991

  19. The Significance of Carver’s Cave  Associated with the English explorer Jonathan Carver, who first documented the cave on November 14, 1766  Associated with subsequent European explorers who tried to relocate the cave  Landmark on the Upper Mississippi

  20. Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI  WAKAN TIPI means the House or the Dwelling of Spirits Blackfeet Indians inside Carver’s Cave, 1913

  21. Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI Carver’s Cave has long generated public interest; photo from 1913

  22. Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI  Carver’s Cave has a history of being covered by rock fall from the bluff and then being “re - discovered.”  The cave was last opened in 1977 by the City of St. Paul.

  23. Carver’s Cave Soon thereafter, at the request of representatives from AIM, the Red School House, and other Native American organizations, the cave was closed with metal doors until additional research and consultation could be undertaken.

  24. Current Conditions  Since 1977, the cave entrance has been largely covered by debris from the bluff  Water in the cave has risen  The spring flows from the cave and pools near the entrance  In August 2004, water from the cave was released during Phase II archaeological monitoring (photo right)

  25. Sites of Significance: The Caves  As with Dayton’s Bluff Cave, it is unknown if any of the petroglyphs still survive within Carver’s Cave. Both caves are, however, regarded as having great spiritual and cultural importance by the Native American community today. Dakota storyteller Rosella Goodwill Archdale

  26. Carver’s Cave Today: Plans for Preservation & Collaboration Tribal consultation regarding the future treatment of Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI was initiated by the City of St. Paul in 2003.

  27. Carver’s Cave Today: Plans for Preservation & Collaboration The process of tribal consultation and collaboration continues today; it is an essential and valuable partnership.

  28. Interpretive Potential at BVNS  The level of access, if any, to Carver’s Cave/WAKAN TIPI has not been decided at this time.  Dakota representatives have requested that the mouth of the cave remain closed for the time being.

  29. Management of Carver’s Cave  During the tribal consultation progress, issues specific to cave access, interpretation, and long-term protection were discussed:  Level of access;  Who has access;  How is access accommodated;  Proximity of trails;  Site monitoring; and  Maintenance of the cave’s historic fabric & integrity

  30. Depiction of Proposed Carver’s Cave Depiction of Proposed Carver’s Cave Restoration - 09/09/03 Draft Restoration 09/09/03 Draft Bluf uff and d associa iated d dry prair airie ie veget getation ion communit nities ies restor ored ed Cave e entran rance and d surro urround nding ing area ea to be prot otec ected ed (only nly visually ually acces essible) ible) Tamar arac ack or Black Ash Seepa epage ge Swamp p and other her nativ ive wetla land nd veget egetat ation ion communit unities ies res estore red d Restore red d wetland land fed by grou ound nd water er sourc urce from om Carver’s Cave

  31. Interpretive Plans and Potential for BVNS The City of St. Paul will consult with the Dakota regarding the incorporation of traditional plant species into the re-vegetation plan.

  32. Pre-European Settlement Plant Communities River Beach Ri Oak Woodlan and Dry Prairie Dr ie • Sand-Grav Gravel el • Be Bedrock-Bluff Bluff Oak Forest st (Mesic/D sic/Dry ry Su Subtypes) pes)

  33. Additional Undertakings  Wetland design was reviewed by tribal and agency representatives from the Upper Sioux Community; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community; NPS – MNRRA; SHPO; EPA; City; MIAC, Lower Phalen Creek Project, and DNR prior to implementation.

  34. Additional Undertakings  Construction of trails throughout BVNS  Development of interpretive elements

  35. Preservation of the Past  Archaeological sites often fall victim to the process of “document and destroy.”  Sites within the BVNS will be preserved for posterity and interpreted as a part of the Sanctuary. Intersection of Interior Foundations of the North Star Brewery

  36. Looking Ahead to the Future  The Sanctuary’s interpretive potential is currently being addressed in the City’s Master Plan for BVNS.  Ongoing consultation, dialogue, and co- operative partnerships between American Indian groups, the City, and the community at large is key to the long-term success of BVNS.

  37. Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary at Lower Phalen Creek A Community-Led Project in Review Prepared by The 106 Group Ltd. for the BVNS Community, 2004

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