[PPT] - Internet censorship in the Catalan referendum O v e r v i e w PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

Internet censorship in the Catalan referendum

O v e r v i e w

f

h

w

t h e s t a t e c e n s

r

e d a n d h

w

i t g

t

c i r c u m v e n t e d

SLIDE 2

2

Disclaimer

I

’ m n

t

a s e c u r i t y s p e c i a l i s t

M
r

e a c

l

l e c t i

n
f

p u b l i c a v a i l a b l e i n f

r

m a t i

n
I

w a s n ’ t i n v

l

v e d i n a n y i l l e g a l a c t i v i t y , s

r

r y

n

l y s e c

n

d

h

a n d i n f

r

m a t i

n
I

l i k e t

s

l e e p i n m y

w

n b e d . . .

SLIDE 3

3

Outline

B

a c k g r

u

n d

B

r i e f t i m e l i n e

H
w

d i d n e t f i l t e r i n g w

r

k

N
t

e s a b

u

t t h e “ W h e r e t

v
t

e ” h

m

e p a g e

D

a y

f

t h e r e f e r e n d u m

C
n

c l u s i

n
Q

& A

SLIDE 4

4

Background

O

w n l a n g u a g e

O

w n c u l t u r e

O

n e

f

t h e r i c h e s t r e g i

n

s

f

S p a i n

L
n

g h i s t

r

y

f

s t r u g g l e t

g

e t m

r

e a u t

n
m

y

R

e f e r e n d u m

n

1

s t

f

O c t

b

e r 2 1 7

SLIDE 5

5

Background

I

n t e r n e t c e n s

r

s h i p w a s n ’ t t h e

n

l y t h i n g

P

r

R

e f e r e n d u m m a t e r i a l w a s c

n

f i s c a t e d

8

+ i n j u r e d b y p

l

i c e

n

d a y

f

r e f e r e n d u m

[ 1 ]

O n e m a n l

s

t h i s e y e b y a p

l

i c e r u b b e r b u l l e t

4

p e r s

n

s i n p r i s

n

w i t h

u

t b a i l ( i n c l . v i c e

p

r e s i d e n t )

P

r e s i d e n t

f

C a t a l

n

i a a n d 4 m i n i s t e r s i n B r u s s e l s i n e x i l e M

r

e a b

u

t p

l

i c e b r u t a l i t y : h t t p s : / / s p a n i s h p

l

i c e . g i t h u b . i

/

[ 1 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . h r w .

r

g / n e w s / 2 1 7 / 1 / 1 2 / s p a i n

p
l

i c e

u

s e d

e

x c e s s i v e

f
r

c e

c

a t a l

n

i a

SLIDE 6

6

Spain is diferent

h t t p s : / / e n . w i k i p e d i a .

r

g / w i k i / C a t a l a n _ i n d e p e n d e n c e _ r e f e r e n d u m , _ 2 1 7

SLIDE 7

Let’s get technical

SLIDE 8

8

How internet censorship works

https://www.ef.org/free-speech-weak-link/

SLIDE 9

9

Spoiler alert!

https://www.ef.org/free-speech-weak-link/

SLIDE 10

10

r

e f e r e n d u m . c a t i n f

r

m s a b

u

t t h e r e f e r e n d u m

F

e d e r a l p

l

i c e e n t e r s w e b h

s

t i n g p r

v

i d e r C D M O N

M

i r r

r

r e f 1

c

t . c a t a p p e a r s , l a t e r r e f 1

c

t . e u

13th of September

SLIDE 11

11

Brief timeline

1

4

t h

f

S e p t e m b e r : t w

m
r

e

f

i c i a l w e b s i t e s s e i z e d

1

6

t h

f

S e p t e m b e r : O n a j u d g e

r

d e r I S P s s t a r t t

b

l

c

k h

m

e p a g e s

A

c t i v i t y s t a r t s t

c

r e a t e m i r r

r

s

f

t h e

f

i c i a l w e b s i t e s

SLIDE 12

12

20th of September

S

p a n i s h s t a t e t

k
v

e r c

n

t r

l
f

t h e C a t a l a n t r e a s u r y

F

e d e r a l p

l

i c e w i l l b e s l e e p i n g i n s h i p s i n C a t a l a n p

r

t s

A

t

t

a l

f

1 4 a r r e s t s b y f e d e r a l p

l

i c e

S

e v e r a l h i g h

r

a n k i n g

f

i c i a l s

f

C a t a l a n g

v

e r n m e n t a n d c i v i l s e r v a n t s

M e m b e r s

f

t h e C e n t e r

f

T e l e c

m

m u n i c a t i

n

s a n d T e c h n

l
g

y ( C T T I ) G r

u

p

f

h a c k t i v i s t s t

k
v

e r u s i n g T O R , s i g n a l , a n

n

y m

u

s S I M c a r d s , b i t c

i

n . . .

[ 1 ]

A

l s

a

r r e s t e d t h e t e c h n i c a l d i r e c t

r
f

F u n d a c i ó . c a t

[ 1 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . v i l a w e b . c a t / n

t

i c i e s / e l s

h

a c k e r s

q

u e

v

a n

f

e r

p
s

s i b l e

e

l

c

e n s

u

n i v e r s a l /

SLIDE 13

13

Fundació .cat

T
p

L e v e l D

m

a i n

p

e r a t

r
f

. c a t

A

t 1 5

t h

f

S e p t e m b e r i t g

t

a f i r s t c

u

r t

r

d e r t

s

h u t d

w

n r e f 1

c

t . c a t

I n t

t

a l 3 c

u

r t

r

d e r s w i t h l i s t

f

d

m

a i n s R e s

l

v e . c a t d

m

a i n s t

p
l

i c e s e r v e r

.

. b u t a l s

t
b

e g i n t

b

l

c

k “ a l l d

m

a i n s t h a t m a y c

n

t a i n a n y k i n d

f

i n f

r

m a t i

n

a b

u

t t h e r e f e r e n d u m ” .

P

l a c e s b u r d e n

f

b l

c

k i n g d

m

a i n n a m e s

n

t h e r e g i s t r y

p

e r a t

r

.

SLIDE 14

14

Fundació .cat

O

n 1 7

t h

f

S e p t e m b e r i n f

r

m I C A N N a b

u

t t h e w a r r a n t

[ 1 ]

O

n 2

t h

f

S e p t e m b e r T e c h n i c a l D i r e c t

r

g e t s a r r e s t e d

R

e t a i n e d u n d e r c u s t

d

y f

r

2 ½ d a y s

A

c c u s a t i

n
f

m i s a p p r

p

r i a t i

n
f

p u b l i c f u n d s p e r v e r s i

n
f

j u s t i c e d i s

b

e d i e n c e

R

e a s

n

s f

r

n

w

u n c l e a r , a w a i t i n g t

s

e e p r

f

s p r

v

i d e d b y t h e p r

s

e c u t

r

[ 1 ] h t t p s : / / t w i t t e r . c

m

/ p u n t c a t / s t a t u s / 9 9 5 2 5 8 5 2 4 4 6 1 8 7 5 2 1 / p h

t
/

1

SLIDE 15

15

Mirrors

M

a s s i v e a m

u

n t s

f

m i r r

r

s a p p e a r e d i n t h e n e x t d a y s

E

x a c t n u m b e r d i f i c u l t t

k

n

w

b u t e a s i l y

v

e r 1

M

i r r

r

i n t h e T O R n e t w

r

k

h

t t p : / / u s x z m l n u z t 4

i
e

7 .

n

i

n

/

F

u n n y n a m e s l i k e

w w w w w w . g u a r d i d i a c a c i v i l . s e x y w w w w w w . p i p i

l

i n . c a t

SLIDE 16

16

Tweety?

SLIDE 17

17

22nd of September

P
l

i c e r a i d s a h

u

s e n e a r V a l e n c i a

A

c c u s a t i

n
f

b e i n g h e a d

f

a g r

u

p

r

g a n i z e d t

m

i r r

r

t h e r e f e r e n d u m w e b s i t e v i a : h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c

m

/ G r e n d e r G / r e f e r e n d u m _ c a t _ m i r r

r
S

e a r c h w a r r a n t i n c l u d e d

r

d e r t

c

h a n g e p a s s w

r

d s + s e c u r i t y q u e s t i

n

s f

r

g i t h u b , f a c e b

k

, t w i t t e r , m a i l , e t c

SLIDE 18

18

22nd of September

P
l

i c e t

k

( i l l e g a l l y ) c

n

t r

l
v

e r

p

e n s e s s i

n

s i n t h e b r

w

s e r

H

e w a s a b l e t

r

e c

v

e r e d t h e m a f e w d a y s l a t e r

A

c c u s e d

f

d i s

b

e d i e n c e ( 6 m

n

t h s – 4 y e a r s

f

p r i s

n

)

M
r

e t h e n 1 5 p e

p

l e w e r e c i t e d t

d

e c l a r e

SLIDE 19

Censor methods

SLIDE 20

20

Analysis of the censor methods

O

p e n O b s e r v a t

r

y

f

N e t w

r

k I n t e r f e r e n c e ( O O N I ) r e p

r

t s 2 5 w e b s i t e s b l

c

k e d

[ 1 ]

O

t h e r s

u

r c e s t a l k a b

u

t 7 w e b s i t e s b l

c

k e d

[ 2 ]

S
m

e m e d i a r e p

r

t s t a l k a b

u

t 1 4 b l

c

k e d w e b s i t e s

[ 3 ]

M

i r r

r

s

f
f

i c i a l w e b s i t e s

P
l

i t i c a l

r

g a n i s a t i

n

s , Y e s

C

a m p a i n w e b s i t e s

e n p a p e r e m . c a t , . . .

[ 1 ] h t t p s : / /

n

i . t

r

p r

j

e c t .

r

g / p

s

t / i n t e r n e t

c

e n s

r

s h i p

c

a t a l

n

i a

i

n d e p e n d e n c e

r

e f e r e n d u m / [ 2 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . n

d
5

. c a t / [ 3 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . m e d i a . c a t / w p

c
n

t e n t / u p l

a

d s / 2 1 7 / 1 2 / I n f

r

m e _ 1

O

_ E N G . p d f

SLIDE 21

21

Analysis of the censor methods

U

p t

n
w

s e e n

W e b h

s

t i n g s e i z e d R e d i r e c t i

n
f

. c a t d

m

a i n s t

“

p

l

i c e l a n d i n g p a g e ” b y t h e T L D n a m e s e r v e r

M

e t h

d

e s u s e d b y I S P s

D N S t a m p e r i n g H T T P b l

c

k i n g

D

i f e r e n t b l

c

k i n g m e t h

d

s u s e d b y d i f e r e n t I S P s

SLIDE 22

22

Filter techniques by ISPs [1, 2, 3]

D

N S t a mp e r i n g

O r a n g e ( F r a n c e T e l e c

m

S p a i n ) , V

d

a f

n

e , E u s k a t e l

D

e e p P a c k a g e I n s p e c t i

n

( D P I )

M

v

i s t a r ( T e l e f ó n i c a )

S

m a l l e r I S P s w h i c h c

n

n e c t t

l

a r g e r

n

e s a r e a f e c t e d a s w e l l

S
m

e s m a l l i n d e p e n d e n t I S P s w e r e n

t

a f e c t e d

[ 1 ] h t t p s : / / c e n s u r a 1

c

t . g i t h u b . i

/

e n / 2 1 7 / 9 / 1 6 / m e t h

d

s _ e n . h t m l [ 2 ] h t t p s : / /

n

i . t

r

p r

j

e c t .

r

g / p

s

t / i n t e r n e t

c

e n s

r

s h i p

c

a t a l

n

i a

i

n d e p e n d e n c e

r

e f e r e n d u m / [ 3 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . q u r i u m .

r

g / a l e r t s / s p a i n / b l

c

k i n g

t

e c h n i q u e s

c

a t a l u n y a

SLIDE 23

23

Analysis of the censor methods

SLIDE 24

24

DNS tampering

I

S P ’ s D N S s e r v e r r e s

l

v e s U R L t

p
l

i c e “ l a n d i n g p a g e ”

C

h a n g e y

u

r D N S r e s

l

v e r a d d r e s s

I

n c a s e

f

a n

r

i g i n a l V

d

a f

n

e r

u

t e r , a s k t h e m t

d

i s a b l e t h e i r D N S p r

x

y

A

l t e r n a t i v e l y u s e a V P N

SLIDE 25

25

Deep Package Inspection

H

T T P b l

c

k i n g

M

a t c h b e t w e e n t h e I P a d d r e s s e s a n d h

s

t n a m e i n t h e H T T P G E T r e q u e s t

A

r e g u l a r e x p r e s s i

n

w a s u s e d t

f

i l t e r h

s

t n a m e s

SLIDE 26

26

Deep Package Inspection

E

x a m p l e w w w . r e f 1

c

t . e u

r

e g u l a r e x p r e s s i

n

* . w w w . r e f 1

c

t . e u → d i d n

t

w

r

k * . r e f 1

c

t . e u → d i d w

r

k

W

e b s i t e u s e d c l

u

d f l a r e C D N

T w

I

P a d d r e s s e s f r

m

c l

u

d f l a r e w e r e u s e d f

r

m a t c h i n g → i f y

u

u s e d a d i f e r e n t c l

u

d f l a r e I P i t w

r

k e d

SLIDE 27

27

Server Name Indication (SNI)

H

T T P S – H T T P t r a f i c i s e n c r y p t e d

T C P H

s

t p a r a m e t e r n

t

r e a d a b l e b y D P I

M

u l t i p l e U R L s r e s

l

v e t

t

h e s a m e I P a d d r e s s

H
s

t n a m e s c a n h a v e d i f e r e n t T L S c e r t i f i c a t e

S

N I g i v e s a h i n t t

t

h e h

s

t w h i c h c e r t i f i c a t e i s r e q u i r e d

U

s e d b y a l l s t a t e

f
t

h e a r t b r

w

s e r s

SLIDE 28

28

Server Name Indication (SNI)

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01202712/file/Im2015-Presentation-Slides.pdf

SLIDE 29

29

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)

SLIDE 30

30

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)

W

h e n f i l t e r g e t s a c t i v a t e d H T T P 4 3 i s r e t u r n e d

R

e p l a c e s t h e c

n

t e n t w i t h t h e p

l

i c e p i c t u r e

S

e v e r a l l a n d i n g p a g e s f

r

d i f e r e n t i s s u e s → r e u s e

f

e x i s i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e

SLIDE 31

31

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)

D

P I h

l

d s t a t e f

r

1 s e c

n

d s , s

:

f u n c t i

n

i n p u t { s l e e p 1 1 e c h

"

G E T / H T T P / 1 . 1 " e c h

"

H

s

t : g u a r d i a c i v i l . s e x y " e c h

e

c h

}

i n p u t | n c g u a r d i a c i v i l . s e x y 8

SLIDE 32

32

DPI conclusions

A

d d a d i f e r e n t c l

u

d f l a r e I P t

r

e s

l

v e t h e d

m

a i n

D

e l a y t h e H T T P G E T f

r

1 1 s e c

n

d s

U

s e a V P N

SLIDE 33

33

Censorship conclusions

T

e c h n i c a l l y c i r c u m v e n t c e n s

r

s h i p i s e a s y

A

s l

n

g a s y

u

d

n

’ t h a v e t

e

d u c a t e 5 . 3 m i l l i

n

v

t

e r s

I

S P s d i d n

t

c

m

m u n i c a t e t

t

h e u s e r s

C

h

s

e y

u

r I S P w i s e l y , y

u

m i g h t g e t a r

u

n d c e n s

r

s h i p ( ! )

h t t p s : / / t w i t t e r . c

m

/ K R L S / s t a t u s / 9 9 1 2 6 6 4 1 1 4 5 7 9 8 6 5 6

SLIDE 34

Where to vote website

SLIDE 35

35

Where to vote?

S

p a n i s h p

s

t s e r v i c e d e n i e d t

s

e n d i n f

r

m a t i

n
C

e n s u s

f

5 . 3 m i l l i

n

v

t

e r s

1

+ p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s

I

t w a s f

r

e s e e n t h a t t h e

f

i c i a l h

m

e p a g e w i l l b e b l

c

k e d

W

e b s i t e m u s t b e e a s i l y c l

n

e

a

b l e

h t t p s : / / w w w . v i l a w e b . c a t / n

t

i c i e s / r e f e r e n d u m

1
c

t u b r e

1
v
t

a c i

c

e n s

e

l e c t

r

a l

g

u i a

m

e s e s

p

a r t i c i p a c i

/

SLIDE 36

36

Where to vote?

2

1

s t

f

S e p t e m b e r

P

u b l i s h e d t h e w e b t

s

e a r c h y

u

r p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n
G

e t ’ s b l

c

k e d t h e n e x t d a y

T

e l e g r a m a n d T w i t t e r b

t
A

n d r

i

d A p p i s p u b l i s h e d i n t h e g

g

l e p l a y s t

r

e

P u l l e d

u

t

f

G

g

l e P l a y

n

2 9

t h

f

S e p t e m b e r

SLIDE 37

37

Where to vote?

M

a n y c l

n

e s a p p e a r

W

e b g e t ’ s p u b l i s h e d i n I P F S

h t t p s : / / g a t e w a y . i p f s . i

/

i p n s / Q m Z x W E B J B V k G D G a K d Y P Q U X X 4 K C 5 T C W b v u R 4 i Y Z r T M L 8 X C R

g

a t e w a y . i p f s . i

g
t

b l

c

k e d f

r

a r

u

n d

n

e w e e k b y T e l e f ó n i c a

I

m p a c t

n

u n r e l a t e d c

n

t e n t

B u t i p f s . i

s

t i l l p

s

s i b l e

SLIDE 38

38

Where to vote?

SLIDE 39

39

Frontend is the backend [1, 2]

C

e n s u s

f

5 . 3 m i l l i

n

v

t

e r s s t

r

e d i n s e v e r a l e n c r y p t e d f i l e s

n

t h e w e b s e r v e r

“

I D [ 3 . . 8 ] + d a t e

f

b i r t h + p

s

t c

d

e ” a r e h a s h e d 1 7 1 4 + 1 t i m e s w i t h S H A 2 5 6

T

h e f i r s t 4 h e x v a l u e s u s e d t

i

d e n t i f y t h e e n c r y p t e d f i l e

C
l

l i s i

n

s g r

u

p p e r s

n

s i n f i l e s

[ 1 ] h t t p : / / w w w . e n t r e d e v y

p

s . e s / p

s

t s / r e f e r e n d u m

v
t

a r . h t m l [ 2 ] h t t p s : / / h a c k e r n

n

. c

m

/ i s

s

e n s i t i v e

v
t

e r

d

a t a

b

e i n g

e

x p

s

e d

b

y

t

h e

c

a t a l a n

g
v

e r n m e n t

a

f 9 d 8 a 9 9 4 8 2

SLIDE 40

40

Frontend is the backend

E

a c h f i l e h a s a r

u

n d 7 e n t r i e s

P

a r t

f

t h e S H A 2 5 6 h a s h m a t c h e s a n e n t r y

T

h e e n t r y c

n

t a i n s t h e p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

e n c r y p t e d w i t h A E S

2

5 6

C

B C

SLIDE 41

41

Frontend is the backend

SLIDE 42

42

Is this secure?

B

r u t e f

r

c e a t t a c k p

s

s i b l e

D

a t e s a n d p

s

t c

d

e s a l l

w

s t

g

r

u

p f

r

d i v i d e

a

n d

c
n

q u e r

L

e t t e r i n D N I w

r

k s a s a c h e c k s u m

SLIDE 43

43

Conclusion

I

t ’ s p

s

s i b l e t

g

e t a r e d u c e d n u m b e r

f

D N I s p e r p

s

t c

d

e a n d b i r t h

f

d a t e

H
w

v a l i d i s t h e d a t a

b

t a i n e d ? D N I i s a p u b l i c d a t a .

D

a t a w a s s t

r

e d e n c r y p t e d

n

t h e s e r v e r w h i c h a l l

w

e d f

r

a n e a s y t

c

l

n

e w e b s i t e

A

l t e r n a t i v e s l i k e a d d i n g a s a l t i s n

t

f e a s i b l e

A

n y i d e a s ?

SLIDE 44

44

30th of September

F

e d e r a l p

l

i c e t

k

c

n

t r

l
v

e r C e n t e r

f

T e l e c

m

m u n i c a t i

n

s a n d T e c h n

l
g

y ( C T T I )

A l l e n t i t i e s

f

t h e C a t a l a n g

v

e r n m e n t h a v e a c c e s s t

i

n t e r n e t v i a C T T I

P

r

b

a b l y s t a r t t

m
n

i t

r

I P s m

s

t l y

f

t h e f u t u r e p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s

SLIDE 45

Day of the referendum

SLIDE 46

46

Day of the referendum

P

e

p

l e

c

c u p i e d t h e p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s s i n c e t h e d a y b e f

r

e

H

u n d r e d s g a t h e r e d i n f r

n

t

f

t h e p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s

B

a l l

t

s a n d b a l l

t

b

x

e s a r r i v e d e a r l y i n t h e m

r

n i n g

SLIDE 47

47

Day of the referendum

G

l

b

a l c e n s u s , e v e r y b

d

y c

u

l d g

t
a

n y p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

I t w a s f

r

e s e e n t h a t t h e p

l

i c e w i l l c l

s

e

d
w

n p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s b y f

r

c e

R

e g i s t e r p

l

l i n g p l a c e v i a I D + p a s s w

r

d

P a s s w

r

d u s e d f

r

a u t h e n t i c a t i

n

a n d e n c r y p t i

n
E

n t e r t h e D N I t

r

e g i s t e r t h e v

t

e r i n a c e n t r a l i z e d d a t a b a s e

T

i g h t t i m e

f

r a m e , f r

m

9 : t

2

:

SLIDE 48

48

Day of the referendum

P
l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s i n t e r n e t c

n

n e c t i

n

w a s t h r

u

g h C T T I

S

m

e c u t

f

f r

m

t h e n e t S

m

e T O R b l

c

k e d R e p

r

t s

f

b l

c

k e d I P s

S
m

e p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

s h a d a l t e r n a t i v e a c c e s s t

t

h e n e t

I

n m a n y p

l

l i n g s t a t i

n

p e

p

l e u s e d t h e i r c e l l p h

n

e s / 4 G A P s / W i f i f r

m

n e i g h b

r

s t

r

e g i s t e r v

t

e r s

D i f e r e n t I P s b l

c

k e d b y d i f e r e n t I S P s

SLIDE 49

49

Day of the referendum

G

l

b

a l h

m

e p a g e r e g i s t r e m e s e s . c

m

U s e d c l

u

d f l a r e W a s b l

c

k e d w i t h i n m i n u t e s U s e d I P a d d r e s s e s d i r e c t l y

R

e v e r s e p r

x

i e s s h i e l d t h e c e n t r a l s e r v e r

R

e v e r s e p r

x

i e s w e r e t a k e n d

w

n c

n

s t a n t l y i n t h e f i r s t h

u

r s t h r

u

g h D D O S a t t a c k s

N

e w p r

x

i e s w e r e c

m

m u n i c a t e d v i a h

t

l i n e / i n s t a n t m e s s a g i n g

A f e r f e w m i n u t e s D D O S a t t a c k f

r

n e w I P w a s i n p l a c e

SLIDE 50

50

Day of the referendum

W

h e n e v e r a n e w I P a d d r e s s w a s u s e d , p

l

l i n g p l a c e n e e d s t

r

e

r

e g i s t e r

P

s

s i b i l i t y

f

s

c

i a l h a c k i n g N

s

e c u r e c

m

m u n i c a t i

n

c h a n n e l b e t w e e n p

l

l i n g p l a c e r e s p

n

s i b l e a n d h

t

l i n e

SLIDE 51

51

Day of the referendum

D

D O S a t t a c k

r

g a n i z e d v i a F

r

u m “ F

r
C
c

h e s ”

[ 1 ]

“ I w a n t t

r

e m i n d y

u

t h a t t

D

D O S s

m

e t h i n g t h a t i s i l l e g a l , i t i s n

t

i l l e g a l ! ”

I

P a d d r e s s e s g

t

p u b l i s h e d

U

p d a t e s

n

n

t

r e a c h a b l e I P a d d r e s s e s

E

v i d e n c e

f

S Y N

F

l

d

a t t a c k

D D O S t e c h n i q u e s w e r e u s e d , n

t

j u s t u s e r s s i t t i n g i n f r

n

t

f

t h e i r c

m

p u t e r

P
r

t k n

c

k i n g w a s i n t r

d

u c e d t

m

i t i g a t e t h e a t t a c k

F
r
C
c

h e s a n d

t

h e r s g

t

a t t a c k e d b y h a c k e r g r

u

p s

[ 2 ]

[ 1 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . q u r i u m .

r

g / a l e r t s / s p a i n / b l

c

k i n g

t

e c h n i q u e s

c

a t a l u n y a [ 2 ] h t t p s : / / w w w . n a c i

d

i g i t a l . c a t / n

t

i c i a / 1 4 5 9 / a i x i / e s / v a n / f e r / c i b e r a t a c s / c

n

t r a / r e f e r e n d u m

SLIDE 52

52

Conclusion

A

t t a c k s

n

t h e

N e t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e F i l t e r i n g t e c h n i q u e s D i s t r i b u t e d D e n i a l O f S e r v i c e a t t a c k s

V
t

i n g c

u

l d t a k e p l a c e

C

e n t r a l s e r v e r w a s t h e w e a k e s t p

i

n t

f

t h e s y s t e m

W

u

l d i t b e p

s

s i b l e t

b

u i l d s

m

e t h i n g l i k e t h i s i n a d e c e n t r a l i z e d m a n n e r ?

SLIDE 53

53

Afermades

P

a r t i c i p a t i

n
f

r e f e r e n d u m w a s 4 3 . 3 %

2 . 4 4 . 3 8 – Y e s t

i

n d e p e n d e n c e 1 7 7 . – N

,

a n d 4 4 . 9 1 3 V

t

e “ e n b l a n c ”

1

t h

f

O c t

b

e r – w e b s i t e

f

A s s e m b l e a N a c i

n

a l C a t a l a n ( A N C ) s h u t d

w

n a g a i n

3

t h

f

O c t

b

e r – s e v e r a l w e b s i t e s

f

t h e c a t a l a n g

v

e r n m e n t g

t

s h u t d

w

n

1

9

t h

f

D e c e m b e r A N C t

k

l e g a l a c t i

n

s a g a i n s t t h e b l

c

k a g e

f

t h e i r w e b s i t e

SLIDE 54

54

Conculsion

M

a y b e t h e b i g g e s t c a s e

f

i n t e r n e t c e n s

r

s h i p i n E u r

p

e a n U n i

n

s

f

a r

G
v

e r n m e n t t r i e d t

l
a

d c e n s

r

s h i p r e s p

n

s i b i l i t y t

t
p
l

e v e l

d
m

a i n r e g i s t r a r

H

u g e r e p r e s s i

n

a g a i n s t c r e a t

r

s

f

m i r r

r

s

U

n c

n

v e n t i

n

a l d a t a

s

t

r

a g e m i g h t n e e d a d e e p e r l

k
A

l t h

u

g h r e p r e s s i

n
n

t h e s t r e e t a n d c e n s

r

s h i p

n

i n t e r n e t , t h e S p a n i s h s t a t e w a s n ’ t a b l e t

s

t

p

t h e r e f e r e n d u m .

SLIDE 55

55

International reaction

I

n t e r n e t s

c

i e t y

h t t p s : / / w w w . i n t e r n e t s

c

i e t y .

r

g / n e w s / s t a t e m e n t s / 2 1 7 / i n t e r n e t

s
c

i e t y

s

t a t e m e n t

i

n t e r n e t

b

l

c

k i n g

m

e a s u r e s

c

a t a l

n

i a

s

p a i n /

E

l e c t r

n

i c F r

n

t i e r F

u

n d a t i

n

h t t p s : / / w w w . e f .

r

g / d e e p l i n k s / 2 1 7 / 9 / c a t

d
m

a i n

c

a s u a l t y

c

a t a l

n

i a n

i

n d e p e n d e n c e

c

r a c k d

w

n

J

u l i a n A s s a n g e

h t t p s : / / w w w . r t . c

m

/ n e w s / 4 5 1 1 9

a

s s a n g e

c

a t a l

n

i a

i

n t e r n e t

w

a r /

P

e t e r S u n d e

h t t p s : / / t w i t t e r . c

m

/ b r

k

e p / s t a t u s / 9 9 6 8 5 2 7 4 9 7 8 7 9 5 5 4

.

. .

SLIDE 56

56

Questions?

T h a n k s a l

t

!

M e r c è M

l

i s t ( @ m e r c e m

l

i s t ) D a n i e l M

r

a l e s ( @ G r e n d e r G ) L l u i s f r

m

g u i f i . n e t P e

p

l e f r

m

s

b

t e c . c a t H a c k m e e t i n g M a d r i d A n d m a n y m

r