Interdisciplinary Aspect of Cognition Antonio Cerone , Siamac Fazli - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Interdisciplinary Aspect of Cognition Antonio Cerone , Siamac Fazli - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Interdisciplinary Aspect of Cognition Antonio Cerone , Siamac Fazli , Kathy L. Malone and Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen Nazarbayev University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan email: antonio.cerone@nu.edu.kz A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University p.1/18 CIFMA

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Interdisciplinary Aspect of Cognition

Antonio Cerone, Siamac Fazli, Kathy L. Malone and Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen Nazarbayev University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan email: antonio.cerone@nu.edu.kz

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.1/18
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SLIDE 2

Definition of Cognition

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • 1. Uncountable meaning

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge through thought, experience and the senses

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.2/18
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SLIDE 3

Definition of Cognition

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • 1. Uncountable meaning

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge through thought, experience and the senses

  • 2. Countable meaning

A perception, sensation, idea, or intuition resulting from the process of cognition Online Oxford Dictionary

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.2/18
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Definition of Cognition

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • 1. Uncountable meaning

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge through thought, experience and the senses

  • 2. Countable meaning

A perception, sensation, idea, or intuition resulting from the process of cognition Online Oxford Dictionary “cognition” ⇐ = Latin “cognoscere” = to get to know

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.2/18
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Philosophical Roots

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Plato:

  • ideas or forms
  • imperfect copies in the experienceable world
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.3/18
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Philosophical Roots

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Plato:

  • ideas or forms
  • imperfect copies in the experienceable world

Aristotle: focus on experiences

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.3/18
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Philosophical Roots

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Plato:

  • ideas or forms
  • imperfect copies in the experienceable world

Aristotle: focus on experiences Descartes: mind body dualism

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.3/18
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Philosophical Roots

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Plato:

  • ideas or forms
  • imperfect copies in the experienceable world

Aristotle: focus on experiences Descartes: mind body dualism can be seen as the origin of psychology (17th century)

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.3/18
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SLIDE 9

Psychology

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

study of both mind and behaviour (19th century)) Initially two main schools

  • Structuralism

whose object was the study of human mind,

  • bserved through introspection
  • Functionalism =

⇒ Behaviourism whose object was the study of human behaviour

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.4/18
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SLIDE 10

Psychology

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

study of both mind and behaviour (19th century)) Initially two main schools

  • Structuralism

whose object was the study of human mind,

  • bserved through introspection
  • Functionalism =

⇒ Behaviourism whose object was the study of human behaviour Cognitivism based on the computer analogy or computer metephor (2nh half of the 20th century)

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.4/18
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Diffusion and Interdisciplinarity

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Diffusion Beyond scientific circles through publications by

  • Noan Chomsky
  • Douglas R. Hostadter
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.5/18
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SLIDE 12

Diffusion and Interdisciplinarity

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Diffusion Beyond scientific circles through publications by

  • Noan Chomsky
  • Douglas R. Hostadter

Interdisciplinarity

  • Logic =

⇒ Neuroscience

  • Mathematics =

⇒ Compute Science

  • Education
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.5/18
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Cognition & Logic

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Matematical Logic

  • Deductive Logic

from premise to consequences

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.6/18
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SLIDE 14

Cognition & Logic

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Matematical Logic

  • Deductive Logic

from premise to consequences Human Logic Logic is the basis for cognition (to acquire knowledge)

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.6/18
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Cognition & Logic

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Matematical Logic

  • Deductive Logic

from premise to consequences Human Logic Logic is the basis for cognition (to acquire knowledge)

  • Inductive Logic

from observations to generalisation

  • Abductive Logic

from events to causes

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.6/18
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Logic for Cognition

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Develop new forms of logic as the basis of cognitive studies of intelligent interaction

  • innovative notations (e.g. icons and diagrams)
  • manipulation techniques to express forms of

induction and abduction = ⇒ Mathematics

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.7/18
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SLIDE 17

Logic for Cognition

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Develop new forms of logic as the basis of cognitive studies of intelligent interaction

  • innovative notations (e.g. icons and diagrams)
  • manipulation techniques to express forms of

induction and abduction = ⇒ Mathematics Experimental validation through EEG and novel brain measurement methods

  • fNIRS (functional near infra-red spectroscopy)
  • fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

= ⇒ Neuroscience

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.7/18
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Neuroscience

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • aim at revealing a cortical differentiation

between the three main reasoning modes (deductive, inductive and abductive)

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.8/18
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Neuroscience

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • aim at revealing a cortical differentiation

between the three main reasoning modes (deductive, inductive and abductive)

  • brain-computer interfaces = direct

communication pathway between an enhanced

  • r wired brain and an external device
  • originally a communication tool for patients

with disabilities (e.g. paraplegia)

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.8/18
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SLIDE 20

Neuroscience

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • aim at revealing a cortical differentiation

between the three main reasoning modes (deductive, inductive and abductive)

  • brain-computer interfaces = direct

communication pathway between an enhanced

  • r wired brain and an external device
  • originally a communication tool for patients

with disabilities (e.g. paraplegia)

  • novel application to decode mental states

and intentions in

  • gaming
  • biometric
  • workload and fatigue
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.8/18
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Hostadter’s Strange Loop

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Develop new forms of logic as the basis of cognitive studies of intelligent interaction

  • innovative notations (e.g. icons and diagrams)
  • manipulation techniques to express forms of

induction and abduction

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.9/18
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SLIDE 22

Hostadter’s Strange Loop

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Develop new forms of logic as the basis of cognitive studies of intelligent interaction

  • innovative notations (e.g. icons and diagrams)
  • manipulation techniques to express forms of

induction and abduction Hofstadter: self-reference, which essentially cor- responds to the mathematical notion of recursion, is the basis of self-awareness

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.9/18
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SLIDE 23

Hostadter’s Strange Loop

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Develop new forms of logic as the basis of cognitive studies of intelligent interaction

  • innovative notations (e.g. icons and diagrams)
  • manipulation techniques to express forms of

induction and abduction Hofstadter: self-reference, which essentially cor- responds to the mathematical notion of recursion, is the basis of self-awareness

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.9/18
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SLIDE 24

Cognition emerges from Maths?

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Hofstadter considers the diagonal argument used by Kurt Gödel to prove his two incompleteness theorem: use a property that refers to itself = ⇒ paradox

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.10/18
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Cognition emerges from Maths?

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Hofstadter considers the diagonal argument used by Kurt Gödel to prove his two incompleteness theorem: use a property that refers to itself = ⇒ paradox Something very strange thus emerges from the Gödelian loop: the revelation of the causal power of meaning in a rule-based but meanining-free universe. [. . . ] When and

  • nly when such a loop arises in a brain or in

any other substrate, is a person — a unique new “I” — brought into being.

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.10/18
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Mathematics =

⇒ Meaning

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (especially through recursion) potentially allow meaning to emerge from the manipulation of meaningless symbols.

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.11/18
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SLIDE 27

Mathematics =

⇒ Meaning

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (especially through recursion) potentially allow meaning to emerge from the manipulation of meaningless symbols. Up to the complexity of human reasoning?

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.11/18
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SLIDE 28

Mathematics =

⇒ Meaning

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (especially through recursion) potentially allow meaning to emerge from the manipulation of meaningless symbols. Up to the complexity of human reasoning?

  • Penrose: human consciousness is

non-algorithmic

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.11/18
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SLIDE 29

Mathematics =

⇒ Meaning

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (especially through recursion) potentially allow meaning to emerge from the manipulation of meaningless symbols. Up to the complexity of human reasoning?

  • Penrose: human consciousness is

non-algorithmic

  • Hofstadter: identify what emerges from an

algorithmic process (i.e. diagonalisation) as self-awareness

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.11/18
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A Compromise?

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (i.e. algorithms) may potentially be used to human cognition.

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.12/18
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A Compromise?

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (i.e. algorithms) may potentially be used to human cognition. Further questions

  • Can symbolic manipulation together with the

high performance of today’s computers effectively be used to emulate human cognition?

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.12/18
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SLIDE 32

A Compromise?

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Symbolic computation (i.e. algorithms) may potentially be used to human cognition. Further questions

  • Can symbolic manipulation together with the

high performance of today’s computers effectively be used to emulate human cognition?

  • Then, if this is possible, what would be its

purpose and the real-life usage?

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.12/18
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Cognitive Architectures

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

comprehensive models of the human mind, with a computational power that supports

  • the in silico experiments carried out in

cognitive psychology

  • some forms of prediction and analysis
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.13/18
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SLIDE 34

Cognitive Architectures

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

comprehensive models of the human mind, with a computational power that supports

  • the in silico experiments carried out in

cognitive psychology

  • some forms of prediction and analysis

Some forms of emulation of human cognition but limited real-life usage

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.13/18
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Which Real-life Usage

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • cognitive errors may emerge in supposedly

“correct” interactive systems, potentially leading to catastrophic effects in safety-critical domains

  • formal models are effective in modelling

computer systems

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.14/18
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Which Real-life Usage

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • cognitive errors may emerge in supposedly

“correct” interactive systems, potentially leading to catastrophic effects in safety-critical domains

  • formal models are effective in modelling

computer systems

  • formal models can be used to modelling

human cognition

  • formal verification of system+human
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.14/18
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SLIDE 37

Cognition & Computer Science

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Cognition

  • can be modelled in a computer science

fashion to some extent

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.15/18
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SLIDE 38

Cognition & Computer Science

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Cognition

  • can be modelled in a computer science

fashion to some extent

  • is also largely affected by computer ubiquity

= ⇒ human living environment is permeated by technology:

  • physical systems
  • computational systems
  • virtual worlds
  • robots
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.15/18
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SLIDE 39

Cognition & Education

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Cognition

  • has affected education and its practices
  • cognitive learning focusses on the teaching

and learning of the cognitive processes and skills connected to reasoning

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.16/18
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SLIDE 40

Cognition & Education

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Cognition

  • has affected education and its practices
  • cognitive learning focusses on the teaching

and learning of the cognitive processes and skills connected to reasoning

  • has inspired the definition and development of

various educational tools

  • learning environment
  • cognitive tutors
  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.16/18
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Conclusion

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.17/18
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SLIDE 42

Conclusion

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.17/18
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SLIDE 43

Question for Discussion

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Can human cognition be emulated by some form

  • f algorithm?

If so to which extent?

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.18/18
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SLIDE 44

Question for Discussion

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Can human cognition be emulated by some form

  • f algorithm?

If so to which extent? Points for Discussion:

  • cognition is likely to be formed in relation with

the environment with which the human develops.

  • cognition is likely to be influenced by other

parts of human body through self-perception and body conditions

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.18/18
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SLIDE 45

Question for Discussion

CIFMA 2019, 17 September 2019

Can human cognition be emulated by some form

  • f algorithm?

If so to which extent? Points for Discussion:

  • cognition is likely to be formed in relation with

the environment with which the human develops.

  • cognition is likely to be influenced by other

parts of human body through self-perception and body conditions

  • ethical side of research in human cognition

and its consequences

  • A. Cerone, Nazarbayev University – p.18/18