Interaction Ma Maneesh Agrawala CS 448B: Visualization Winter - - PDF document

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interaction

Interaction Ma Maneesh Agrawala CS 448B: Visualization Winter - - PDF document

Oct 07, 2022 320 likes •696 views

Interaction Ma Maneesh Agrawala CS 448B: Visualization Winter 2020 1 2 1 Last Time: Using Space Effectively 4 William S. Cleveland The Elements of Graphing Data 5 2 Nomograms 1. Compute in any direction ; fix n-1 params and read nth

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Interaction

Ma Maneesh Agrawala

CS 448B: Visualization Winter 2020

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Last Time: Using Space Effectively

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William S. Cleveland The Elements of Graphing Data

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Nomograms

1. Compute in any direction; fix n-1 params and read nth param
2. Illustrate sensitivity to perturbation of inputs
3. Clearly show domain of validity of computation

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LineDrive

[Agrawala & Stolte 2001] Hand-drawn route map LineDrive route map

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Trellis

[Becker, Cleveland, and Shyu 96]

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Panel variables

type, yield

Condition variables

location, year

Trellis

[Becker, Cleveland, and Shyu 96]

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Alphabetical ordering Main-effects ordering

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Interaction

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Interaction between people and machines requires mutual intelligibility

r shared understanding

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Gulfs of execution & evaluation

Real world Conceptual model

Evaluation Execution

Gulfs

[Norman 1986]

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Gulf of Execution

The difference between the user’s intentions and the allowable actions.

Gulf of Evaluation

The amount of effort that the person must exert to interpret the state of the system and to determine how well the expectations and intentions have been met.

[Norman 1986]

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Gulf of evaluation

Real world: Conceptual model: x,y correlated?

Evaluation Gulf

X Y 0.67 0.79 0.32 0.63 0.39 0.72 0.27 0.85 0.71 0.43 0.63 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.20 0.54 0.51 0.38 0.11 0.33 0.46 0.46

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Gulf of evaluation

Real world: Conceptual model: x,y correlated?

Evaluation Gulf

0.5 1 0.5 1 X Y

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Gulf of evaluation

Real world: Conceptual model: x,y correlated?

Evaluation

Gulf

r = -.29

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Gulf of execution

Real world

Conceptual model: Draw a scatterplot

Execution

Gulf

Move 90 30 Rotate 35 Pen down …

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Gulf of execution

Gulf Execution

Conceptual model: Draw a scatterplot

0.5 1 0.5 1 X Y

Real world

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Gulf of Execution

The difference between the user’s intentions and the allowable actions.

Gulf of Evaluation

The amount of effort that the person must exert to interpret the state of the system and to determine how well the expectations and intentions have been met.

[Norman 1986]

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Topics

Early interactive systems Brushing and linking Dynamic queries Generalized selections

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Early Systems

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[Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, Bertin 81]

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[Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, Bertin 81]

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[Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, Bertin 81]

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[Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, Bertin 81]

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[Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, Bertin 81]

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[Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, Bertin 81]

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Bertifier [Perin 2014] 32 Bertifier [Perin 2014] 33

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Pointing

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Basic Pointing Methods

Point Selection Mouse Hover / Click Touch / Tap Select Nearby Element (e.g., Bubble Cursor)

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Basic Pointing Methods

Point Selection Mouse Hover / Click Touch / Tap Select Nearby Element (e.g., Bubble Cursor) Region Selection Rubber-band or Lasso Area Cursors (“Brushes”)

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Brushing and Linking

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Focus user attention on a subset of the data within one graph [from Wills 95]

Highlighting

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Brushing and Linking

Select (“br brush”) a subset of data See selected data in other views The views must be li linked by tu tuple le (matching data points), or by que query (matching range or values)

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Brushing Scatterplots

Brushing Scatterplots, Becker & Cleveland 1982

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Baseball statistics [from Wills 95]

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Baseball statistics [from Wills 95]

select high salaries 52

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Baseball statistics [from Wills 95]

select high salaries avg career HRs vs avg career hits (batting ability) 53

Baseball statistics [from Wills 95]

select high salaries avg career HRs vs avg career hits (batting ability) how long in majors 54

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Baseball statistics [from Wills 95]

select high salaries avg career HRs vs avg career hits (batting ability) avg assists vs avg putouts (fielding ability) how long in majors 55

Baseball statistics [from Wills 95]

select high salaries avg career HRs vs avg career hits (batting ability) avg assists vs avg putouts (fielding ability) how long in majors distribution

f positions

played 56

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Linking assists to positions

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CrossFiltering

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Dynamic Queries

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Query and results

SELECT house FROM east bay WHERE price < 1,000,000 AND bedrooms > 2 ORDER BY price

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Issues

1. For programmers
2. Rigid syntax
3. Only shows exact matches
4. Too few or too many hits
5. No hint on how to reformulate the query
6. Slow question-answer loop
7. Results returned as table

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HomeFinder

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Direct manipulation

1. Visual representation of objects and actions
2. Rapid, incremental and reversible actions
3. Selection by pointing (not typing)
4. Immediate and continuous display of

results

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FilmFinder

[Ahlberg and Schneiderman 93]

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FilmFinder

[Ahlberg and Schneiderman 93]

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[Ahlberg and Schneiderman 94]

Alphaslider

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FilmFinder

[Ahlberg and Schneiderman 93]

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Announcements

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Assignment 3: Dynamic Queries

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Implement interface

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Submit the application and a short write-up on canvas Can work alone or in pairs

Due before class on Feb 10, 2020

Create a small interactive dynamic query application similar to Homefinder, but for South Bay Restaurant Data. 72

Zipdecode [from Fry 04]

https://benfry.com/zipdecode/

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NameVoyager

http://www.babynamewizard.com/voyager

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DimpVis [Kondo 14]

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Parallel Coordinates [Inselberg]

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TimeSearcher [Hochheiser & Schneiderman 02]

Based on Wattenberg’s [2001] idea for sketch-based queries of time-series data. 77

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3D dynamic queries [Akers et al. 04]

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3D dynamic queries [Akers et al. 04]

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Pros and cons

Pros

I Controls useful for both novices and experts I Quick way to explore data

Cons

I Simple queries I Lots of controls I Amount of data shown limited by screen space

Who would use these kinds of tools?

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Summary

Most visualizations are interactive

I Even passive media elicit interactions

Good visualizations are task dependent

I Pick the right interaction technique

Fundamental interaction techniques

I Selection / Annotation, Brushing & Linking,

Dynamic Queries

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