increase drinking water Fabio Fussi 6 th International Rural Water - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mapping of suitable zones for manual drilling in Africa as a possible strategy to increase drinking water

Fabio Fussi

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Why UNICEF promotes manual drilling?

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Manual drilling advantages

• Cost Effective
• Easier access to sites
• Tools are made locally
• Creates employment
• Ready in emergencies

But manual drilling can give good results only if it is done by qualified technicians PROFESSIONALIZATION OF MANUAL DRILLING

Professionalization of manual drilling

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

3 main modules: Mapping suitable zones Technical training Advocacy and institutional support And 3 partners: UNICEF, Practica, Enterprise works

Goal of the mapping study

• identification of suitable zones at

country level

• Definition of zones having highest

priority for the implementation of manual drilling

• Set up a national geographic database

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Study area

• Mapping at country level

has been completed in 12

• countries. (Benin, Central

African Republic, Chad, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone Togo (results available at: http://www.unicef.org/wash/in dex_54332.html),

• It is almost completed in

Zambia and Burundi

• It starts in December in

Guinea

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Main criteria to evaluate suitability to manual drilling

Suitability to manual drilling is determined

• n the basis of 3 main parameters:
• GEOLOGICAL

SUITABILITY

• WATER DEPTH

SUITABILITY

• GEOMORPHOLOGICAL

SUITABILITY SUITABILITY TO MANUAL DRILLING

Cross Analysis

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Estimating geological suitability

GEOLOGICAL MAP SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGICAL MAP MAP OF GEOLOGICAL SUITABIITY Existing geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological studies Borehole logs

Aggregation

Table describing main features of geological formations Water point database

Reclassification Extraction of data for first layers and visualization in maps Distribution of hand dug wells Attribute Join

Direct experience of geologist and drillers

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Estimating water depth suitability

DATABASE OF WATER POINTS MAP OF WATER DEPTH SUITABILITY

Visualization by class of water depth and type of water point Direct interpretation – identification of zones with similar expected water depth

Existing hydrogeological studies Climatic and environmental data and studies Direct experience of hydrogeologists and drillers Estimation of predominant exploitable water depth by zone

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Water depth suitability

Direct and visual interpretation of distribution

• f water level in water points
• f the database

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Estimating geomorphological suitability

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (SRTM, 90 m resolution SLOPE

Interpolation and automatic processing Direct interpretation and digitizing landforms

Geomorphological studies and maps MORPHOLOGICAL MAP (SLOPE POSITION CLASSIFICATION) MAP OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SUITABILITY Topographic Position Index

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Final map of general suitability to manual drilling

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Geological suitability Water depth suitability Morphological suitability

GENERAL SUITABILITY TO MANUAL DRILLING

Some important aspects of the methodology

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

GOOD COORDINATION BETWEEN REMOTE INTERNATIONAL STAFF AND LOCALLY BASED TECHNICIANS BASED ON ALREADY EXISTING (BUT NOT ORGANIZED)

• DATA. IMPROVEMENT OF THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE

FOR FUTURE STUDIES MIXED ANALYSIS OF SYTEMATIZED DATABASE AND QUALITATIVE INFORMATION COMING FROM LOCAL EXPERIENCE ALL THE GIS PROCEDURE CAN BE DONE WITH FREE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

Defining zones with highest priority for manual drilling

Cross Analysis

PLANNING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION FOR MANUAL DRILLING IMPLEMENTATION

• Very good

suitability

• More than

75%without water

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

From the identification of suitable zones at country level to detailed localization

• It is important to carry out a more detailed analysis to go

from the identification at country level to the precise localization of best sites for manual drilling. The same data and approach can contribute to this following step

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

The geographic database

The geographic database produced during this study contains multi-sectorial information that can be used for different topics:

• Natural resources management and conservation
• Agriculture
• Water supply
• Infrastructure and transport
• Demography
• Health
• WRITING TECHNICAL NOTES
• MAKING IT ACCESSIBLE (WEB PUBLISHING?)
• COMPLETING WITH OTHER DATA
• KEEP UP TO DATE

How we can maximise its effectiveness?

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Thank you

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

fabio.fussi@usa.net