in Service in Service of Humanity of Humanity James L Barnard, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DSD DSD Inte Interna rnation tional Con al Confere ferenc nce e 20 2014 14 Sustainable Stormwater and Wastewater Management The The Activated Activated Sludge ludge Process rocess in Service in Service of Humanity of Humanity James L Barnard, Ph.D., D.Ing. h.c. BCEE, WEF Fellow November 12-13, 2014

Contents  What is sustainability  The development of activated sludge  Eutrophication and indirect recycling  Energy self-sufficiency  Phosphorus recovery  Conclusions November 12-13, 2014

Age Distribution of the World’s Population Population Structures by Age and Sex, 2005 Millions Less Developed More Developed Regions Age Regions 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 Male Female Male Female 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 7.2 Billion 40-44 35-39 Population 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 300 100 100 300 November 12-13, 2014 Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision , 2005.

What is Sustainability? November 12-13, 2014

“We do not INHERIT the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.” - David Brower INHERIT the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.” - David Brower November 12-13, 2014

Activated sludge plant as a sustainable process  Developed in 1914 by Arden and Lockett  Has served us for a century to produce effluent fit for re-use  Used a batch reactor and observed nitrification some denitrification and removal of some phosphorus  They formed a granular sludge  The process keeps evolving to make it more versatile more adaptable while lowering energy and cost November 12-13, 2014

A Process of Selection The basis of the process is to change conditions and select for specific organisms. Below is a rough time-line for developing of the process November 12-13, 2014

1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification 2014 November 12-13, High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Adapt to Treatment of Industrial Waste suchas Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

November 12-13, 2014 1914 1920 Activated Sludge Process and Nitrification High-Rate Activated Sludge 1930 Exploding of New Plants in USA 1940 1950 1960 Ad apt to Treatment of Industrial Waste such as Petro-Chemicals Select for Denitrification 1970 Select for Phosphate Accumulating Organisms Adsorption of PPCP 1980 Selective Waste of Foam Formers 1990 Membrane Bioreactor 2000 Selective for Anammox Bacteria Selective for Granular Activated Sludge 2010 2014 Selecting for Retaining Anammox Bacteria in Main Stream using Cyclones

Eutrophication and Water Quality for Re-use November 12-13, 2014

Town of Brits Indirect Re-use. Most influent from the JHB Northern Works November 12-13, 2014

Namibia – Direct Water re-use 700 km Alternative supply Google Earth November 12-13, 2014

The Demise of Activated Sludge 1970? 1970 Was the activated sludge process reliable enough for nutrient removal? November 12-13, 2014

Replace with Tertiary High Lime and Ammonia Stripping Lake Tahoe – Right and Pretoria Left November 12-13, 2014