I N -S ITU P ERFORMANCES OF F OAM B ITUMEN R ECYCLED M IXTURES G - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham University of University of Pisa Parma A CTIVE F ILLER ’ S E FFECT ON I N -S ITU P ERFORMANCES OF F OAM B ITUMEN R ECYCLED M IXTURES G ABRIELE T EBALDI , P H .D., P.E. University of Parma – University of Florida

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham A CKNOWLEDGMENT University of University of Giacomo Betti Pisa Parma Gordon Airey Kim Jenkins Alessandro Marradi Wirtgen Unicalce

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham M ATERIALS University of University of Pisa Parma Generally cement! Can it be lime?

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT University of University of Pisa Parma Rising of clay particles: it requires to join lime stabilization and cold in place recycling

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT Can we use the lime as active filler to have only one lay down phase? University of University of Pisa Parma Can make sense a «combined lime-bitumen stabilization»? 3. mixing, foaming, ….. 2. Cement as active filler 1. Lime to stabilize the clay

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT University of University of RAP Pisa Parma water from milling process or from exposition at rain fall during storage

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT University of University of Pisa Parma

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT University of University of Pisa Parma Water g w n >> OFC ???????? w n w OFC/OMC ≈ 5 ÷ 6%

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT University of University of Pisa Parma Can we use this hydrated lime as active filler? → ≈ -1 ÷ 1.5% water CaO + H 2 O → Ca(OH) 2 + 15.5 kCal every 1% lime g Quick lime w n w OFC/OMC ≈ 5 ÷ 6%

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham P ROBLEM STATEMENT University of University of Pisa Parma  Can the lime be used instead of cement?  Can the lime partially replace the cement in the total amount of active fillers?

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham O BJECTIVE AND S COPE University of University of Pisa Parma  Evaluate the influence on bearing capacity of introducing lime in foam bitumen recycled mixtures  Evaluate the influence on bearing capacity of use of lime instead of cement in foam bitumen recycled mixtures

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham M ATERIALS University of University of Pisa Parma RAP Specimen % bitumen 1 7,5 Bitumen for 2 10,7 3 5,9 foaming 4 6,0 Pure bitumen 5 5,6 6 4,7 Pen@25 ° C: 70 -100 8 4,3 T R&B : 51 ° C 9 4,3 Active fillers Portland cement Hydrated lime Mineral filler Limestone

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham M IXTURES University of University of Total amount of filler: 4.5% Pisa Parma Mix %binder %cement %lime %mineral filler 2 1.0 3A 2.0 1.5 2 1.0 3B 0 3.5 3 2.5 5C 2.0 0 3 2.5 5D 0 2.0 3 0 5E 2.0 2.5 3 0 5F 3.0 1.5 ʺ Only RAPʺ mixtures designed following «Italian market»’s standards

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham T RIAL SECTION - F LORENCE (I TALY ) University of University of Pisa Parma

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham T RIAL SECTION - F LORENCE (I TALY ) University of University of Pisa Parma

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham T RIAL SECTION - F LORENCE (I TALY ) Protective tack coat University of University of Pisa Parma Wearing course 4 cm Base - Cold Recycled Mixture (bituminous emulsion/foam bitumen) 17 cm Subbase – lime stabilized soil 40 cm Subgrade Thanks to a particular work plan the wearing coarse was layed down 10 months after wearing course All mixtures had the curing process without traffic load First LWD/FWD test campaign directly on CRM layer

University of University of LWD & FWD Stellenbosch Nottingham 1 ST TEST CAMPAIGN University of University of Protective tack coat Pisa Parma Base - Cold Recycled Mixture (bituminous emulsion/foam bitumen) 17 cm Subbase – lime stabilized soil 40 cm Subgrade

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS R ESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham T EMPERATURE S ENSITIVITY Generalized version of Asphalt Institute’s equation for temperature correction University of University of Pisa Parma calibrated with results from test section E Ts modulus at the reference temperature    2 2  α (T T ) E 10 E S Ts E modulus at test temperature T (°F) test temperature, T s (°F) reference temperature α temperature sensitivity parameter. Temperature sensitivity comparison 6000 5000 4000 Modulus (MPa) 3000 2000 1000 0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 Temperature (°C) MIX 5E_ α=0.000032 MIX 5D_ α=0.000030 MIX 3B_ α=0.000019 MIX 3A_ α=0.000057 MIX 5C_ α=0.000043 MIX 5F_ α=0.000038 Asphalt Istitute_ α=0.000147362 HMA Plati et al. HD 29/08

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS R ESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham M IX 5D_3%FB_2,5%C_0% L_2% MF University of University of Pisa Parma Minimum requirement of Italian Road Authority (ANAS)  45 MPa 4 hours after compaction  170 MPa 24 hours after compaction

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham M IX _5E_3%FB_0%C_2%L_2,5%MF University of University of Pisa Parma Minimum requirement of Italian Road Authority (ANAS)  45 MPa 4 hours after compaction  170 MPa 24 hours after compaction

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham M IX _3B_2%FB_1%C_0%L_3.5%MF University of University of Pisa Parma Minimum requirement of Italian Road Authority (ANAS)  45 MPa 4 hours after compaction  170 MPa 24 hours after compaction

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham M IX _3A_2%FB_1%C_2%L_1.5%MF University of University of Pisa Parma Minimum requirement of Italian Road Authority (ANAS)  45 MPa 4 hours after compaction  170 MPa 24 hours after compaction

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham M IX _5C_3%FB_2.5%C_2%L_0%MF University of University of Pisa Parma Minimum requirement of Italian Road Authority (ANAS)  45 MPa 4 hours after compaction  170 MPa 24 hours after compaction

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham M IX _5F_3%FB_0%C_3%L_1,5%MF University of University of Pisa Parma Minimum requirement of Italian Road Authority (ANAS)  45 MPa 4 hours after compaction  170 MPa 24 hours after compaction

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham L IME & C EMENT University of University of Pisa Parma

University of University of LWD & FWD T ESTS RESULTS Stellenbosch Nottingham L IME VS C EMENT University of University of Pisa Parma

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham CONCLUSIONS University of University of Pisa Parma  The lime can be used instead of cement!  The lime Can partially replace the cement in the total amount of active fillers!

University of University of Stellenbosch Nottingham COLD RECYCLING & LIME University of University of Pisa Parma T HANKS !! Q UESTIONS ??