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Greek Historiography Through Dependency Syntax Treebanking Digital Classicist New England March 25, 2015, Tufts University Robert J. Gorman, Dept. of Classics Vanessa B. Gorman, Dept. of History University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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Greek Historiography Through Dependency Syntax Treebanking

Digital Classicist New England March 25, 2015, Tufts University
 Robert J. Gorman, Dept. of Classics Vanessa B. Gorman, Dept. of History University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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http://www.dh.uni-leipzig.de/wo/projects/digital- athenaeus/

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How accurate are the quotes, paraphrases, excerpts, and epitomes attributed to earlier authors?


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The Layers of Athenaeus (c. 200 CE)

  • Narrator (Athenaeus himself)
  • The 24 Deipnosophists
  • 2500+ quotes or paraphrases to 800+

writers

  • All hopelessly intertangled
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Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature
 


By 
 Robert J. Gorman
 and
 Vanessa B. Gorman
 


The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

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Derive Syntactic “Thumbprints”

  • Create a database of syntactically

analyzed Greek prose

  • Teach the computer to distinguish

known authors (proof of concept)

  • Compare directly-transmitted to

epitomized prose by the same author

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Epitomizers and Excerptors

  • Polybius (2nd c. BCE) has 5 of 40 books

preserved through direct transmission

  • Others mainly preserved in the excerptors

working for Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (10th c. CE)

  • Diodorus Siculus (1st c. BCE) has 15 of

40 books preserved through direct transmission

  • Others mainly in Photius (9th century CE)

and the same Constantine excerptors

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Fragments of Lost Authors

  • Compare to fragments of the same

author that are preserved elsewhere

  • Compare to context in Athenaeus and

Photius

  • Does it resemble:
  • The other fragments of the same author?
  • The context in Athenaeus?
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Dependency Syntax Treebanking

  • Corpus Linguistics
  • Annotation: create a database of

syntactically-analyzed prose

  • Abstraction: translate into a computer

searchable dataset

  • Analysis: develop algorithms to query

that dataset

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Dependency vs. Constituency Grammar

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Dependency vs. Constituency Grammar

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http://nlp.perseus.tufts.edu/syntax/treebank/greek.html

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My Dataset

AUTHOR WORK TOKEN COUNT STATUS Athenaeus Books 12-13 45,584 tokens submitted Lysias Orations 1, 14, 15 7,650 tokens submitted Polybius Book 1 28,288 tokens submitted Herodotus Book 1 32,879 tokens editing Plutarch Lycurgus 10,567 tokens submitted Antiphon Oration 1 2,015 tokens editing Diodorus Siculus Book 11 6,247 tokens [11.1-20 only] in progress Thucydides Book 1 13,720 tokens [1.1-80 only] in progress TOTAL [2/20/2015] 146,950 tokens

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παρεσκευάζετο γὰρ πολλῇ δυνάμει 
 πλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ συμμαχεῖ ν 
 τοῖς Ἕλλησι κατὰ τῶν Περσῶν .

“He was preparing to sail to Greece with a great force and to fight with the Greeks against the Persians.” 
 


(Diodorus 11.26.4 [sent. 58])

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Color coding

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Prague tagset

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  • Thuc. 1.13.4 [elision]
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A flat tree: Thuc. 1.9.2 [135 words]

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A deep tree: Athen. 12.11 [82 words]

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For each word in AGDT we have:


  • dependency (word’s parent, children)
  • syntactic relation (grammatical label for

dependency)

  • Lemma
  • Morphology
  • Position in sentence
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Dependency Degree Linear vs. hubby structure

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Mary: SBJ-PRED-ROOT had: PRED-ROOT
 a: ATR-OBJ-PRED-ROOT
 little: ATR-OBJ-PRED-ROOT
 lamb: OBJ-PRED-ROOT

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Ὦ τοῦ στρατηγήσαντος ἐν Τροίᾳ ποτὲ / Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖ "O child of Agamemnon, once leading an army at Troy"

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Ὦ τοῦ στρατηγήσαντος ἐν Τροίᾳ ποτὲ / Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖ "O child of Agamemnon, once leading an army at Troy"

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Burrows Delta

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Craig’s Zeta

Hit Hit Hit Hit Hit Hit Hit

  • Divide corpus 1 into segments of equal size (size = n)
  • Segments with at least 1 example of given feature are hits.
  • Each hit is worth 1 point.
  • Hits/segments = preferred feature score

Miss Miss Miss Miss Miss Miss Miss Miss

  • Divide corpus 2 into segments of size n.
  • Segments with no examples of feature are misses.
  • Each miss is worth -1 point.
  • Misses/segments = avoided feature score
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Thucydides


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Herodotus

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Polybius

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Homer

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Maciej Eder

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What Next?

  • Test! Test! Test!
  • Cast the net as widely as possible:
  • Many flavors of sWord
  • With POS, with Dependency Distance …
  • N-grams
  • Many computational approaches
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What next?

  • Test! Test! Test!
  • Aim directly at research question
  • Athenaeus and fragments
  • Are fragments of single author

distinguishable according to transmitting source?


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What’s needed?

  • Trees! Trees! Trees!
  • Metadata
  • Digital Athenaeus
  • Digital Fragmenta Historicorum

Graecorum

  • Scalable workflow
  • Stable identification for each token

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The Vision Thing

  • Treebanker’s Utopia
  • Real time feedback for annotators
  • Is this syntactic structure feasible?
  • Is this structure prone to inter-annotator

disagreement?


  • Philologist’s Elysium
  • Real time feedback for close readers
  • How does this text compare to others:
  • Lexically, syntactically, semantically?
  • Pragmatically, acoustically, etc.?
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  • Leipzig Open Philology Project
  • Digital Athenaeus Project
  • Perseus and Perseids Projects, Tufts

University

  • Perseus Open Publication Series
  • University of Nebraska−Lincoln
  • Dept. of History
  • Dept. of Classics and Religious Studies
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