Global Fishery Declines and the Fate of Human Nutrition Professor - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Global Fishery Declines and the Fate of Human Nutrition

Professor Chris Golden Department of Nutrition E-mail: golden@hsph.harvard.edu

Environmental Change as Public Health Risk

• Body 1

– Body 2

• Body 3

The Importance of Animal Source Foods

Fish Catch Declines and Micronutrient Nutrition

• Fish population declines

Environmental Change

• Reduced access to animal-source

foods Changes in Food Supply

• Micronutrient and vitamin intake

decreases Changes in Nutrient Intake

• Increased incidence of micronutrient

deficiencies and NCDs Health Impacts

THETIS: Tracking Health and Ecosystem Transformation in the Seas

Climate Ocean Fisheries Catch Fisheries Fisheries Impacts Health Ecology Histories Economics Governance Planetary Health Ecosystem Nutritional Epidemiology Human Complex (PI) Services Geography Systems

Declining Fish Catch Alternative Foods Dietary Change Nutritional Vulnerability Aquaculture/Fisheries Management

Declining Fish Catch

Alternative Foods Dietary Change Nutritional Vulnerability Aquaculture/Fisheries Management

CHANGE IN MAXIMUM FISH CATCH POTENTIAL 2041-2060 relative to 1981 – 2000

<50%

• 51 – -30%
• 31 – 10%
• 10 – 6%
• 5 - -1%

0 – 4% 5 – 19% 20 – 49% 50 – 100% >100%

Cheung et al. update of IPCC (2014) AR5 WGII

Declining Fish Catch

Alternative Foods

Dietary Change Nutritional Vulnerability Aquaculture/Fisheries Management

Declining Fish Catch Alternative Foods

Dietary Change

Nutritional Vulnerability Aquaculture/Fisheries Management

Three Typologies

Unaffected wealthy nations Increasing undernutrition Acceleration of nutrition transition

Declining Fish Catch Alternative Foods Dietary Change

Nutritional Vulnerability

Aquaculture/Fisheries Management

Declining Fish Catch Alternative Foods Dietary Change Nutritional Vulnerability

Aquaculture/ Fisheries Management

Fisheries Management and Marine Conservation as a Nutritional Intervention

Costello et al. 2016

Fisheries Management and Marine Conservation as a Nutritional Intervention

Increasing Fish Catch Strengthening Resilient Food Systems Positive Dietary Change Nutritional Security Aquaculture/Fisheries Management

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% B u r u n d i T i m

• r
• L

e s t e N i g e r M a d a g a s c a r N e p a l G u a t e m a l a I n d i a

Stunting prevalence (%)

An Environment of Chronic Undernutrition

Global Prevalence of Anemia

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Bushmeat, insects, wild birds, 4.57% Fruits and nuts, 3.51% Vegetables, greens, and palm hearts, 10.25% Rice, 57.81% Staples and bananas, 15.92% Beverages, 0.02% Seafood and freshwater fish (fresh and dried), 1.33% Poultry and eggs, 1.09% Beef and pork, 1.61% Misc, 3.89%

Overall Diet by Weight

Bushmeat, insects, wild birds, 53.16% Seafood and freshwater fish (fresh and dried), 15.52% Poultry and eggs, 12.62% Beef and pork, 18.70% Some are eating 70kg of wildlife in a year, the equivalent of a single household receiving 12 quarter-pounder burgers per week from the forest Animal Source Foods

50 100 150 200 250

vitamin D vitamin B12 calcium vitamin A vitamin E riboflavin (B2) sodium kilocalories folate (B9) vitamin C thiamin (B1) zinc protein iron niacin (B3) vitamin B6 phosphorus magnesium copper carbohydrates

Median household sufficiency (% EAR) Severely Deficient Deficient Adequate

Study Design 3 2 1 5 4

Maroantsetra Antongil Bay

Locally managed marine area (LMMA) Traditionally managed area Marine National Park (MNP) 1 2 5 3 4 Management systems: Prospective cohort study, n=1009; 3 years from 2014- 2017 High frequency diet, health, and economic data Weekly fish catch data

Interactive Dynamics of Reef Fisheries and Human Health in Kiribati

Kiribati

Nutrition Transitions

Health assessment

Fingerstick of blood (Point of Care)

• Metabolic disease markers (total cholesterol, HDL

and LDL, triglycerides, and glucose)

• Hemoglobin A1c (diabetes)
• Hemoglobin (anemia)
• Fatty acid profiles of 23 different fatty acids incl.

DHA & EPA Anthropometry and Diagnostics

• Blood pressure
• Standard anthropometry (height/length, weight)
• Abdominal circumference

UC Santa Cruz Pathways and international collaborators Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences Pathways and international collaborators

Acknowledgments

• Bapu Vaitla, Andy Kim, and Eddie Allison
• Katy Seto, Jessica Gephart, Jacob Eurich, Doug McCauley
• Mike Sharp and the Secretariat of the Pacific
• Neil Andrew and the Pathways program