Global Fishery Declines and the Fate of Human Nutrition Professor - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Global Fishery Declines and the Fate of Human Nutrition Professor Chris Golden Department of Nutrition E-mail: golden@hsph.harvard.edu

Environmental Change as Public Health Risk • Body 1 – Body 2 • Body 3

The Importance of Animal Source Foods

Fish Catch Declines and Micronutrient Nutrition Environmental Change • Fish population declines Changes in • Reduced access to animal-source foods Food Supply Changes in • Micronutrient and vitamin intake decreases Nutrient Intake • Increased incidence of micronutrient Health Impacts deficiencies and NCDs

THETIS: Tracking Health and Ecosystem Transformation in the Seas Planetary Health Ecosystem Nutritional Epidemiology Human Complex (PI) Services Geography Systems Climate Ocean Fisheries Catch Fisheries Fisheries Impacts Health Ecology Histories Economics Governance

Declining Fish Catch Aquaculture/Fisheries Alternative Foods Management Nutritional Vulnerability Dietary Change

Declining Fish Catch Aquaculture/Fisheries Alternative Foods Management Nutritional Vulnerability Dietary Change

CHANGE IN MAXIMUM FISH CATCH POTENTIAL 2041-2060 relative to 1981 – 2000 <50% -51 – -30% -31 – 10% -10 – 6% -5 - -1% 0 – 4% 5 – 19% 20 – 49% 50 – 100% >100% Cheung et al . update of IPCC (2014) AR5 WGII

Declining Fish Catch Alternative Aquaculture/Fisheries Foods Management Nutritional Vulnerability Dietary Change

Declining Fish Catch Aquaculture/Fisheries Alternative Foods Management Dietary Nutritional Change Vulnerability

Three Typologies Unaffected wealthy nations Increasing undernutrition Acceleration of nutrition transition

Declining Fish Catch Aquaculture/Fisheries Alternative Foods Management Nutritional Vulnerability Dietary Change

Declining Fish Catch Aquaculture/ Fisheries Alternative Foods Management Nutritional Vulnerability Dietary Change

Fisheries Management and Marine Conservation as a Nutritional Intervention Fisheries Management and Marine Conservation as a Nutritional Intervention Costello et al. 2016

Increasing Fish Catch Aquaculture/Fisheries Strengthening Management Resilient Food Systems Nutritional Security Positive Dietary Change

An Environment of Chronic Undernutrition 70% Stunting prevalence 60% 50% 40% (%) 30% 20% 10% 0% i e l a r r a a d e a t l i a n p d s c g u e m n e i s N r L a N I e u - g t B r a a o d u m a G i M T

Global Prevalence of Anemia

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Overall Diet by Weight Bushmeat, insects, Fruits and Misc, 3.89% wild birds, 4.57% nuts, 3.51% Poultry and Beef and pork, eggs, 1.09% 1.61% Vegetables, Seafood and greens, and freshwater fish (fresh palm hearts, and dried), 1.33% 10.25% Beverages, 0.02% Staples and bananas, 15.92% Rice, 57.81%

Animal Source Foods Beef and pork, 18.70% Poultry and eggs, 12.62% Bushmeat, insects, wild birds, 53.16% Seafood and freshwater fish (fresh and dried), 15.52% Some are eating 70kg of wildlife in a year, the equivalent of a single household receiving 12 quarter-pounder burgers per week from the forest

Median household sufficiency (% EAR) 100 150 200 250 50 0 vitamin D vitamin B12 calcium vitamin A vitamin E riboflavin (B2) sodium kilocalories folate (B9) vitamin C thiamin (B1) zinc protein iron niacin (B3) vitamin B6 phosphorus magnesium copper carbohydrates Adequate Deficient Deficient Severely

Study Design Maroantsetra Prospective cohort study, n=1009; 3 years from 2014- 2017 High frequency diet, health, 4 and economic data 3 Weekly fish catch data 2 1 5 Management systems: Locally managed marine area (LMMA) 1 2 Traditionally managed area 3 4 Antongil Bay Marine National Park (MNP) 5

Interactive Dynamics of Reef Fisheries and Human Health in Kiribati Kiribati

Nutrition Transitions

Health assessment Fingerstick of blood (Point of Care) • Metabolic disease markers (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triglycerides, and glucose) • Hemoglobin A1c (diabetes) • Hemoglobin (anemia) • Fatty acid profiles of 23 different fatty acids incl. DHA & EPA Anthropometry and Diagnostics • Blood pressure • Standard anthropometry (height/length, weight) • Abdominal circumference

Pathways and international collaborators Pathways and international collaborators Kiribati Ministry of UC Health and Medical Santa Cruz Sciences

Acknowledgments • Bapu Vaitla, Andy Kim, and Eddie Allison • Katy Seto, Jessica Gephart, Jacob Eurich, Doug McCauley • Mike Sharp and the Secretariat of the Pacific • Neil Andrew and the Pathways program