future perspectives Muhsin N. Harakeh KVI, Groningen; GANIL, Caen - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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future perspectives Muhsin N. Harakeh KVI, Groningen; GANIL, Caen - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Collective modes: past, present and future perspectives Muhsin N. Harakeh KVI, Groningen; GANIL, Caen International Symposium on High-resolution Spectroscopy and Tensor interactions (HST15) Osaka, Japan 16-19 November 2015 1 Osaka, Japan;

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1 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Collective modes: past, present and future perspectives

Muhsin N. Harakeh

KVI, Groningen; GANIL, Caen International Symposium on High-resolution Spectroscopy and Tensor interactions (HST15) Osaka, Japan 16-19 November 2015

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2 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

  • M. Itoh

L=0 L=1 L=2 L=3 ISGMR ISGDR ISGQR ISGOR

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3 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Microscopic structure of ISGMR & ISGDR

3ћω excitation (overtone of c.o.m. motion) Transition operators:

Overtone Spurious c.o.m. motion Constant Overtone

2ћω excitation

Microscopic picture: GRs are coherent (1p-1h) excitations induced by single-particle operators

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4 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

DN = 2 E2 (ISGQR) & DN = 0 E0 (ISGMR) DN = 1 E1 (IVGDR)

IVGDR

t rY1

ISGMR

r2Y0

ISGQR

r2Y2

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5 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter More complex than for infinite neutral liquids Neutrons and protons with different interactions Coulomb interaction of protons

  • 1. Governs the collapse and explosion of giant stars

(supernovae)

  • 2. Governs formation of neutron stars (mass, radius, crust)
  • 3. Governs collisions of heavy ions.
  • 4. Important ingredient in the study of nuclear properties.
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6 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

2 2 2

) / ( 9             d A E d Knm

E/A: binding energy per nucleon ρ : nuclear density ρ0 : nuclear density at saturation For the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter at saturation nuclear density: and one can derive the incompressibility

  • f nuclear matter:

) / (            d A E d

J.P. Blaizot, Phys. Rep. 64, 171 (1980)

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7 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Isoscalar Excitation Modes of Nuclei

Hydrodynamic models/Giant Resonances Coherent vibrations of nucleonic fluids in a nucleus. Compression modes: ISGMR, ISGDR In Constrained and Scaling Models:

F is the Fermi energy and the nucleus incompressibility: KA =r2(d2(E/A)/dr2)r =R0

J.P. Blaizot, Phys. Rep. 64 (1980) 171

2

27 7 25 3

A F ISGDR

K E m r  +  ћ

2 ISGMR A

E r K m  ћ

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8 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Giant resonances

  • Macroscopic properties: Ex, G, %EWSR
  • Isoscalar giant resonances; compression

modes ISGMR, ISGDR  Incompressibility, symmetry energy

KA = Kvol + Ksurf A1/3 + Ksym((NZ)/A)2+KCoulZ2A4/3

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9 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

ISGQR, ISGMR

KVI (1977)

Large instrumental background and nuclear continuum!  208Pb(,) at E=120 MeV

  • M. N. Harakeh et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 676 (1977)

10.9 MeV 13.9 MeV

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10 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

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11 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

ISGMR, ISGDR ISGQR, HEOR 100 % EWSR At Ex= 14.5 MeV

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12 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

BBS@KVI Grand Raiden@ RCNP

(,) at E~ 400 & 200 MeV at RCNP & KVI, respectively

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13 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

ISGQR at 10.9 MeV ISGMR at 13.9 MeV

 

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14 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

0  ′  3° 0  ′  1.5° 1.5  ′  3° Difference Difference of spectra

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Multipole decomposition analysis (MDA)

  • a. ISGR (L<15)+ IVGDR (through Coulomb excitation)
  • b. DWBA formalism; single folding  transition potential

fraction EWSR : ) ( section) cross (unit section cross DWBA : . ) , ( section cross al Experiment : . exp ) , ( . ) , ( ) ( . exp ) , (

. . 2 . . 2 . . 2 . . 2

E a calc L E dE d d E dE d d calc L E dE d d E a E dE d d

L m c m c m c L L m c

                                    

       

) ' ( )) ' ( |, ' (| ' ) ( ] ) ' ( )) ' ( |, ' (| ) ' ( )) ' ( |, ' (| )[ , ' ( ' ) , ( r r r r V r d r U r r r r V r r r r V E r r d E r U

L L

             +  

 

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17 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Transition density

  • ISGMR Satchler, Nucl. Phys. A472 (1987) 215
  • ISGDR Harakeh & Dieperink, Phys. Rev. C23 (1981) 2329
  • Other modes Bohr-Mottelson (BM) model

) 10 ) 3 / 25 ( 11 ( 6 ) ( )] 4 ( 3 5 10 3 [ 3 ) , (

2 2 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

         + +    +   r r r R mAE r dr d dr d r dr d r r dr d r R E r        

E r mA r dr d r E r    +  

2 2 2

2 ) ( ] 3 [ ) , (      

2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 ) 2 ( ) 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) , (     + +    

  L L L L L L

r r mAE L L L c r dr d E r       

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(,) spectra at 386 MeV

MDA results for L=0 and L=1

ISGDR ISGDR ISGDR ISGDR ISGMR ISGMR ISGMR ISGMR

Uchida et al.,

  • Phys. Lett. B557 (2003) 12
  • Phys. Rev. C69 (2004) 051301

116Sn

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20 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

E/A: binding energy per nucleon KA: incompressibility ρ : nuclear density ρ0 : nuclear density at saturation KA is obtained from excitation energy of ISGMR & ISGDR KA =0.64Knm- 3.5 J.P. Blaizot, NPA591, 435 (1995)

208Pb

2 2 2

) / ( 9             d A E d Knm

Nuclear matter

In HF+RPA calculations,

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21 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

This number is consistent with both ISGMR and ISGDR Data and with non-relativistic and relativistic calculations From GMR data on 208Pb and 90Zr, K = 240  10 MeV [ 20 MeV]

[See, e.g., G. Colò et al., Phys. Rev. C 70 (2004) 024307]

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22 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Isoscalar GMR strength distribution in Sn-isotopes

  • btained by Multipole

Decomposition Analysis

  • f singles spectra
  • btained in ASn(,)

measurements at incident energy 400 MeV and angles from 0º to 9º

  • T. Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 162503 (2007)
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23 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

KA ~ Kvol (1 + cA-1/3) + Kt ((N - Z)/A)2 + KCoul Z2A-4/3 KA - KCoul Z2A-4/3 ~ Kvol (1 + cA-1/3) + Kt ((N - Z)/A)2 ~ Constant + Kt ((N - Z)/A)2 We use KCoul  - 5.2 MeV (from Sagawa) (N - Z)/A

112Sn – 124Sn: 0.107 – 0.194

KA = Kvol + Ksurf A1/3 + Ksym((NZ)/A)2+Kcoul Z2A4/3

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24 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Kt   550  100 MeV

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25 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

MeV 75 555   

t

K

  • D. Patel et al., Phys. Lett. B 718, 447 (2012)
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26 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

RPA [K = 240 MeV]; RRPA FSUGold [K = 230 MeV]; RMF (DD-ME2) [K = 240 MeV]; (QTBA) (T5 Skyrme) [K = 202 MeV]

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RRPA: FSUGold [K = 230 MeV]; SLy5 [K = 230 MeV]; NL3 [K = 271 MeV]

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  • E. Khan, PRC 80, 011307(R) (2009)

The Giant Monopole Resonances in Pb isotopes

  • E. Khan, Phys. Rev. C 80, 057302 (2009).

Mutually Enhanced Magicity (MEM)?

K = 230 K = 230 K = 216

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29 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

10 20 30 40

E (MeV)

2000 4000 6000 8000

Counts

204Pb 206Pb 208Pb

0 spectra

x

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30 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Conclusions!

  • There has been much progress in understanding

ISGMR & ISGDR macroscopic properties Systematics: Ex, G, %EWSR  Knm 240 MeV  Kt   500 MeV

  • Sn and Cd nuclei are softer than 208Pb and 90Zr.
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31 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Challenges with exotic beams

  • Inverse kinematics

56Ni(α,α)56Ni*

α = Target

56Ni = Projectile

  • Intensity of exotic beams is very low (104 – 105 pps)
  • To get reasonable yields thick target is needed
  • Very low energy ( sub MeV) recoil particle will not come out
  • f the thick target

Ex = 0 MeV 2o 4o 6o 8o Ex = 30 MeV Ex = 20 MeV

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32 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Nuclear structure studies with reactions in inverse kinematics

4He target

heavy projectile heavy ejectile recoiling 

(,)

  • Possible at FAIR, RIKEN, GANIL, FRIB

(beam energies of 50-100 MeV/u are needed!)  Approach at GSI-FAIR (EXL): Helium gas-jet target Measure the recoiling alphas Inconvenience: difficulty to detect the low- energy alphas

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EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 03093 (2014)

Experimental storage ring at GSI Luminosity: 1026 – 1027 cm-2s-1

Storage Ring

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34 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Detection system @ FAIR

EXL recoil prototype detector has been commissioned

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Active target

A gas detector where the target gas also acts as a detector

  • Good angular coverage
  • Effective target thickness can be increased without

much loss of resolution

  • Detection of very low energy recoil particle is possible

MAYA active-target detector at GANIL

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38 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Basics of kinematics reconstruction inside MAYA

Timing information from Amplification wires

Range → Energy (SRIM)

R2d → R3d , θ2d → θ3d

500 mbar 95% He and 5% CF4 20 Si detectors 80 CsI detectors

Beam 56Ni

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39 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

3rd dimension from timing information of the anode wires

Range Energy

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40 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Kinematics plot

56Ni(α,α)56Ni*

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41 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Peak fitting method

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42 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Participants

  • M. Csatlós
  • L. Csige
  • J. Gulyás
  • A. Krasznahorkay
  • D. Sohler

ATOMKI

A.M. van den Berg M.N. Harakeh

  • M. Hunyadi (Atomki)

M.A. de Huu H.J. Wörtche

KVI

  • U. Garg
  • T. Li

B.K. Nayak

  • M. Hedden
  • M. Koss
  • D. Patel
  • S. Zhu

NDU

  • H. Akimune
  • H. Fujimura
  • M. Fujiwara
  • K. Hara
  • H. Hashimoto
  • M. Itoh
  • T. Murakami
  • K. Nakanishi
  • S. Okumura
  • H. Sakaguchi
  • H. Takeda
  • M. Uchida
  • Y. Yasuda
  • M. Yosoi

RCNP

  • C. Bäumer

B.C. Junk

  • S. Rakers

WWU

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43 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

E605: ISGDR in 56Ni EXL Collaboration

Soumya Bagchi Juan Carlos Zamora Marine Vandebrouck

  • M. Vandebrouck et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 032504
  • M. Vandebrouck et al., Phys. Rev. C 92 (2015) 024316
  • S. Bagchi et al., Phys. Lett. B751 (2015) 371
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44 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

44

Th Thank k you

  • u fo

for r you

  • ur

r attenti ention

  • n
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45 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

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46 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

 Kt = -500 +125 MeV

100

  • M. Centelles et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 122502 (2009)
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47 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

M.N. Harakeh et al., Nucl. Phys. A327, 373 (1979)

10.9 MeV 13.9 MeV 11.0 MeV 14.0 MeV

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  • S. Brandenburg et al., Nucl. Phys. A466 (1987) 29
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  • S. Brandenburg et al.,
  • Nucl. Phys. A466 (1987) 29
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  • S. Brandenburg et al., Nucl. Phys. A466 (1987) 29
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Excitation energy of 56Ni

Data (Not efficiency corrected) Data (Efficiency corrected)

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55 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

Peak fitting method

Background shape fixed manually (Background 1) Total fit = 9 Gaussian

  • Func. + PoL4 + C

Final background (PoL4 + C)

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56 Osaka, Japan; 16-19 November 2015

E* = 33.5 MeV, L = 1 E* = 22.5 MeV, L = 1 E* = 14.5 MeV, L = 2 E* = 28.5 MeV, L = 1 E* = 25.5 MeV, L = 1 E* = 17.5 MeV, L = 1 E* = 19.5 MeV, L = 0 E* = 11.5 MeV, L = 2 E* = 8.5 MeV, L = 1

dσ/d𝜵 [mb/sr] θCM [deg]

Background 1 Background 2