From IPv4 to IPv6 From IPv4 to IPv6 T.R. Dua, Deputy Director - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• T.R. Dua, Deputy Director General, COAI

July 21, 2009 @ New Delhi

From IPv4 to IPv6… From IPv4 to IPv6…

• Functional since 1995, the COAI started with all private sector companies engaged in

provision of GSM based Cellular Mobile Services in India. Vision

• to facilitate the establishment of a world class Cellular Infrastructure and

deliver the benefits of affordable mobile telephony services to the people of India. Members Core Members- Private GSM operators Associate Members-Technology Partners, Chip Manufacturers, Infrastructure Providers. Providing policy & licensing inputs to DoT Provide inputs to & participate in consultation processes of the Regulator – TRAI, to assist in developing an enabling and competitive regulatory framework for provision

• f telecom services

Commission /carry out research studies (E.g. Annual Benchmarking Study) Undertake Special Projects like MIM, Subscriber verification, Infrastructure sharing.

• CORE MEMBERS

AIRCEL BHARTI AIRTEL LTD. BPL COMMUNICATIONS BYCELL TELECOMMUNICATIONS DATACOM SOLUTIONS IDEA CELLULAR RELIANCE TELECOM (GSM) SPICE COMMUNICATIONS S-TEL LTD. SWAN TELECOM PVT. LTD. TATA TELESERVICES UNITECH WIRELESS VODAFONE ESSAR

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS

• ALCATEL LUCENT
• ERICSSON
• MOTOROLA
• NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORK

CHIP MANUFACTURERS

• TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
• INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES

INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERS

• ATC TOWER COMPANY OF INDIA
• ASTER INFRASTRUCTURE
• ESSAR TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE
• GTL INFRASTRUCTURE
• INDIA TELECOM INFRA
• QUIPPO TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE
• SREI INFOCOMM
• TOWER VISION INDIA
• XCEL TELECOM

• Providing

Policy & Licensing inputs to DoT, Spectrum related inputs to Spectrum Agency – WPC, To TEC in formulation of standards for mobile services To the Regulator – TRAI, & participate in consultation processes

• Commission /carry out research studies
• Undertake Special Projects
• Active Involvement with International & Indian Agencies

GSM Association ITU

• Active Involvement with Indian Chambers of Commerce (CII, FICCI,

ASSOCHAM), Industry Associations, ITU-APT, IPTV Forum, etc

• “The mobile phone has moved beyond being a mere

device to become a key “social object” present in every aspect of our daily lives” International Telecommunications Union. ITU

.

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• ~ 415 Mn mobile subscribers as
• n May 2009
• Rs. 150,000 crores Investments
• Lowest Tariffs in the World
• Leading to lowest ARPU’s

i.e. subscriber bills !

• High minutes of use (MoU) !
• Telecom sector is also driving

growth in Manufacturing and R&D.

• For every 10% increase in mobile

penetration rate there is a 1.2% higher growth rate

4 7 13 33 51 97 158 347 415 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 May-09

Subscribers in million COAI Projections - 893mn Wireless Subs by 2012 & 1243mn Wireless Subs by 2015

“The best is yet to be!!!”

Source: TRAI

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According to a recently published ICRIER Report: Indian states with higher mobile penetration can be expected to grow faster, and by 1.2% points for every 10% increase in mobile penetration rate Access to communications needs to be seen as a foundation on which other initiatives can be built. Information via mobile, such as weather reports and market prices, has begun to have an impact on productivity for the agricultural sector. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and urban slums gain maximum benefits in enhancing their businesses through the use of mobile services. In under served areas, mobile phones can help to widen markets, create better information flows, lower transaction costs and substitute for costly physical transport.

• 3G WILL BRING MOBILE BROADBAND IN INDIA

Source: TRAI

In India, when You think Broadband, Think Mobile Broadband

• In India fixed line broadband connectivity is very low;

– Quite likely that many people will probably first use and experience broadband on their mobile handsets – 3G will bring in the much needed broadband connectivity for both rural as well urban India.

11.7 12.24 12.85 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.52 65.5 76.0 88.27 101.1 117.82 13.54 11.1 6.22 20 40 60 80 100 120 Mar'08 Jun'08 Sep'08 Dec'08 Mar'09

Internet Broadband Wireless internet thru mobile

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• The Number Of

Communicating Data Devices Will Grow From 30 Billion In 2008 to One Trillion By 2012

Growth in the use of the Internet for connecting more and more devices has meant greater demand for Internet addresses.

“Growing need to replace current addressing scheme”

"

• "

• &()!*+,

IP address exhaustion IPv4 has ~4 billion addresses Internet will not “collapse”, but new devices / networks will not be able to join

• When?

Estimates always seem to be “a few years” in the future Current estimates (as of March 2009)

• APNIC – April 2011
• Cisco – July 2011

Different assumptions produce different estimates

• Widespread deployment of NAT (Network Address Translation)
• Reclaiming assigned but unused addresses
• Future worldwide growth

• .//,

Half the IPV4 space is unallocated If size of internet is doubling each year, Does this mean only one year’s worth?! No, because today we deny unique IPV4 addresses to most new hosts We make them use methods like NAT etc, to share addresses But new types of applications and new types of access need unique addresses!

• Q. Isn’t There Still Lots of IPV4 Address Space Left?
• Q. Why Are NAT’s Not Adequate?

They won’t work for large numbers of servers i.e., devices that are “called” (e.g. IP phones) They inhibit deployment of new applications and services. They compromise the performance, robustness, security, and manageability of the Internet

• Benefits:

Just one Major reason: More addresses Easier address management/delegation Room for more levels of hierarchy, for route aggregation Server – less auto configuration (“plug-n-play”) and reconfiguration More efficient and robust Mobility Mechanism Security - Built- in, strong IP-layer encryption and authentication, Ability to do end-end IPsec Streamlined header format and flow identification Improved support for options/ extensions

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The take-up in the use of IPv6 has been very slow to-date because of: lack of awareness

• Internet is now engineered for IPv4+NAT
• Many vendors and (de facto) standards
• Applications written for NAT
• Services built around NAT
• lack of applications support
• Application and service developers do the hard work

Who bears the cost ?

• End users pay for their “home gateways/routers”
• ISP costs are externalised

lack of clear benefits

• And there is no business case to change this.

However the community recognizes that IPv6 is the only path that enables the Internet to continue to expand

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SIMILARITIES Datagram Each packet is individually routed Packets may be fragmented or duplicated

• Connectionless
• No guarantee of delivery in

sequence

• Unreliable
• No guarantee of delivery
• No guarantee of integrity of data
• Best effort

Only drop packets when necessary

• No time guarantee for delivery

DIFFERENCES Address Length

• IPv4 – 32 bits (232 = ~4 billion)
• IPv6 – 128 bits (2128= ~340 trillion, trillion,

trillion)

Security – IPSec support required in IPv6

• IPSec encrypts each IP packet independently

Reliability – No Header Checksum in IPv6

• Easier for routers – No need to update

checksum after decrementing TTL

• Relies on link-level error checking
• Quality of Service
• Label data flows for special priority levels at

routers

• Simplified Header Format
• Infrequently used fields are optional

• !

A mobile host has one or more home address (es) relatively stable; associated with host name in DNS When it discovers it is in a foreign subnet (i.e not its home subnet), it acquires a foreign address Uses auto – configuration to get the address Registers the foreign address with a home agent, i.e., a router on its home subnet. Packets sent to the mobile’s home address(es) are intercepted by home agent and forward to the foreign address, using encapsulation.

IPV6 MOBILITY

• Correspondent

Host Mobile Host Foreign Agent HomeAgent Home location of Mobile Host

Mobile IP ( V4 version)

!

• Correspondent

Host Mobile Host Foreign Agent Home Agent Home location of Mobile Host

Mobile IP ( V6 version)

!

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Transition/ Co-existence Techniques

A wide range of techniques basically falling into three categories: Dual-stack techniques, to allow IPV4 & IPV6 to Co-exist in the same devices and networks. Tunneling techniques, to avoid order dependencies when upgrading hosts, routers, or regions. Translation techniques, to allow IpV6-only devices to communicate with IPV4- only devices.

It is expected all of these to be used, in combination.

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Scalability and demand for IP addresses

• Escalating demand for IP addresses is a main driver for IPv6 adoption.
• Convergence and the development of ubiquitous IP networks and IP-based communications

place pressure on the available IPv4 address space.

Public procurement mandates .

• Aggressive IPv6 adoption curves by government bodies
• Public sector mandates have caused vendors to develop IPv6 solutions, which then accelerate

deployment in private sector companies,

Innovative applications, including sensor networks and embedded systems

• Possible new business and services on a large scale, such as networked sensors for

industrial or home automation services.

• New services are greenfield deployments,

Less expensive network administration

• some functions in network administration ,through a simplified header that can improve routing

efficiency, serverless auto configuration, easier renumbering, ready-to-use support, and multicast support with increased addresses.

• $*/3!*0$(-

Better mobility support IPv6 offers improved support for mobility. As Internet-connected handsets that offer voice, data and video become the norm, operators could start to deploy IPv6 on a large scale. IPv6 improves timeliness of transmissions, by optimizing routing by offering route optimization between any-to-any node. Using IPv4 private space and NATs is considered less efficient and has its

• wn overheads, due to cost associated with NAT transversal techniques as

well as costlier management Within IETF, a number of working groups are using IPv6 as the basis for solving protocol problems related to handset mobility.

• /3!*0$(-

Transition and co-existence Because the two protocols are not interoperable It is expected that IPv4 will need to be supported alongside IPv6 for a substantial period of time. Tunneling and other transition mechanisms IPv6-related deployment strategies, associated costs and skills In some cases significant cost of software and hardware upgrades . Content, latency and interconnectedness

• little Internet content available via IPv6 because transitioning to IPv6 is

particularly challenging for content providers. Scalability of the global routing tables

• /6

The Internet has shown its ability to evolve Those who are building infrastructure need to be aware of IPv4 consumption and IPv6 transition Planning should start now, in detail. Industry Develop a strategy to support a transitional period between IPv4 and IPv6 Ensure preservation of the innovative, vital characteristics of the Internet.

• To create a policy environment conducive to the timely deployment of IPv6, Indian

government should consider: Working with the private sector and other stakeholders to increase education and awareness and reduce bottlenecks Demonstrating government commitment to adoption of IPv6 Pursuing international co-operation and monitoring IPv6 deployment

• ))/6

No one has “failed”

IPv6 deployment is happening

All players need to work and act together

Technical standards, implementation by vendors, deployment by

• perators, use by users

There is no “flag date” for transition

All stakeholders are free to make decisions and demands in accord with their own interests As elements are in place transition will progress

Best advice: sooner rather than later

Start the planning process now