for environmental building design in three parts William W. Braham - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
for environmental building design
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

for environmental building design in three parts William W. Braham - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 28, 2024 37 likes •529 views

Thermodynamic principles for environmental building design in three parts William W. Braham University of Pennsylvania H Human T Technological N - Natural Princeton Passive Solar Greenhouse, 1978-79 Miller Hull Bulli ullitt tt Cen

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Thermodynamic principles for environmental building design

in three parts

William W. Braham University of Pennsylvania

slide-2
SLIDE 2

H – Human T – Technological N - Natural

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Princeton Passive Solar Greenhouse, 1978-79

slide-4
SLIDE 4 Miller Hull Bulli ullitt tt Cen enter, ter, Sea Seattle, ttle, Wa Wa 2014
slide-5
SLIDE 5
slide-6
SLIDE 6

Eff Efficiency iciency 1st & 2nd law

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Orga Organization nization

slide-8
SLIDE 8

E[ E[m]er m]ergy gy sy synthe nthesis sis

Cumulative energy dissipated in production of resources

slide-9
SLIDE 9 U Cinncinnatti, Solar Decathlon, 2009
slide-10
SLIDE 10

The Therm rmody

  • dynam

namic or ic organ ganizat ization of ion of co compl mplex ex, sel , self-organ

  • rganizing eco

izing ecosys system tems

  • R. Lindeman, “Dynamic-Tropic Aspect of Ecology,” 1942
slide-11
SLIDE 11

Three system principles: 4 The Lotka–Odum principle of maximum

maximum e[m]po e[m]power er as the selection goal toward

which self-organizing systems evolve over time. 5 The Lindeman–Odum principle of ener

energy y tr transf ansfor

  • rma

mation tion hier hierar archies hies,

which emerge over time to achieve maximum e[m]power. 6 The Odum-Holling principle of ma

material terial concen concentr tration tion hier hierar archies hies,

closely coupled to energy transformation hierarchies, which cycle or pulse at different spatial and temporal scales to achieve maximum e[m]power.

Odum, Systems Ecology, 1983
slide-12
SLIDE 12

The Thermo rmody dynami namic orga c organiza nization of tion of bu buildi ildings ngs & cit & cities ies

slide-13
SLIDE 13 Miller Hull Bulli ullitt tt Cen enter, ter, Sea Seattle, ttle, Wa Wa 2014
slide-14
SLIDE 14

[the three parts]

slide-15
SLIDE 15
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Bui Buildings ldings re regu gulate late fl flows

  • ws of r
  • f res

esources

  • urces

Env Enviro ironmental, nmental, low low-density density re resources sources Pu Purch rchased ased hi high gh-quality, quality, hi high gh-intensit intensity y re resource sources

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Original Original ver ersion sion

with normative utilities

Passivh assivhaus us version ion

with NZE photovoltaics

Impr Improved ed ver ersion sion

with lower utilities

Ellis House, 1964

Uti Utilities lities

slide-18
SLIDE 18

The Ellis House contains 833 m3 of air. It would take 1.47 x 1012 J to keep a completely open shelter at 20 °C through a typical Philadelphia year Open Bldg 1.470 x 1012 J Original 0.197 x 1012 J Improved 0.076 x 1012 J Passivhaus 0.056 x 1012 J

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Orig Origina inal l ve version rsion wi with th norma normative tive uti utilities lities

197,000,000,000 J 49,900,000,000,000,000 sej

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Original Original ver ersion sion with normative utilities Hier Hierar archy hy of e[m]ergy Intensities

slide-21
SLIDE 21
slide-22
SLIDE 22

Orig Origina inal l ve version rsion un unco comfo mfortable rtable 86% 86% Pas Passivhaus sivhaus ins insulatio ulation unc uncomfo

  • mfortable

rtable 77% 77%

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Wor Work of mana k of managin ging window g windows: open s: opening ing & cl & closin

  • sing

g shu shutte tters, shad rs, shades es, and w , and wind indows

  • ws
slide-24
SLIDE 24

Pas Passivhaus sivhaus ins insulatio ulation n with “smart” control: Win Windows dows ope

  • pened

ned and and or

  • r

sh shaded aded acc accord

  • rding

ing to to ind indoor

  • or and

and out

  • utdoor

door te temperature mperature un unco comfo mfortable rtable 8% 8%

slide-25
SLIDE 25

e[ e[m]ergy m]ergy int intensity ensity of

  • f

lab labor

  • r to manag

to manage windows e windows

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Int Intellige elligenc nce of e of Build Building ing En Enve velopes lopes

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Ne New hie w hierarchies rarchies of

  • f

e[ e[m]ergy m]ergy int intensity ensity

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Ne New hie w hierarchies rarchies of

  • f

e[ e[m]ergy m]ergy int intensity ensity

slide-29
SLIDE 29
slide-30
SLIDE 30

Material Flows

Water Wastewater Food Supplies Trash

Concentrated Flows

Labor Fuels Electricity Information Currency Greater transformity Less material

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Original Original ver ersion sion

with normative utilities

Passivh assivhaus us version ion

with NZE photovoltaics

Impr Improved ed ver ersion sion

with lower utilities

Ellis House, 1964

Se Setting tting

slide-32
SLIDE 32

People, buildings, & devices coevolve

slide-33
SLIDE 33 Fred McNabb, House of the Future,1956

What people do with their time

slide-34
SLIDE 34
slide-35
SLIDE 35
slide-36
SLIDE 36

Location (site) within socio-economic hierarchies

Abel, “Systems diagrams for visualizing macro-economics,” 2004
slide-37
SLIDE 37

Location (site) within urban land-use hierarchies

Huang, “Urban Hierarchy,” 2001
slide-38
SLIDE 38

Cities by themselves are not

sustainable,

they gather & concentrate the resources

  • f their region
slide-39
SLIDE 39

Designing the Renewable City: The The New New Chaut Chautauqua auqua G Game ame

William W. Braham Jill Sornson Kurtz Luke Butcher Mostapha Sadeghipour
slide-40
SLIDE 40

Land Land Use Use

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Environme Environmental ntal Res Resources

  • urces

Lan Land Use In d Use Inte tensit nsity

wa wate ter for fores est agr agric iculture ulture nat natura ural de develope veloped

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Support Lan Support Land

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Land in distant past

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Chautauqua, NY

slide-45
SLIDE 45
slide-46
SLIDE 46
slide-47
SLIDE 47
slide-48
SLIDE 48

H – Human T – Technological N - Natural

slide-49
SLIDE 49

Thermodynamic principles for environmental building design

in three parts

William W. Braham University of Pennsylvania