Food Poisoning Not all diarrhoea and vomiting is related to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Food Poisoning

Not all diarrhoea and vomiting is related to Norovirus!

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What is the problem?

» 500,000 cases of food poisoning a year » People may need to be admitted to hospital particularly those are who are vulnerable » 280,000 cases of Campylobacter a year the most common » 80,000 cases of Clostridium Perfringens » 2,500 hospital admissions due to Salmonella food poisoning

Source Food Standards Agency, 2014

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What are the sources?

» Poultry meat linked to most cases

• f food poisoning

» Vegetables fruits and seeds » Food prepared in large quantities and left to keep warm before serving » Chilled ready to eat foods such as cooked sliced meats, pates, pre packaged sandwiches and soft cheese

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Symptoms

» Feeling sick » Vomiting » Diarrhoea » Stomach cramps » Lack of energy weakness » Loss of appetite » High temperature

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What to consider

» When did the symptoms start? » Did everyone start showing symptoms at the same time? » Did cases eat from the same place? » Take a sample per patient

Making Bath & North East Somerset an even better place to live, work & visit Page 17 of the Out Break Information Pack for Care Homes Page 18 questions that a Environmental Health

• fficer may ask

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Making Bath & North East Somerset an even better place to live, work & visit

Remember

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Norovirus

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What is it?

» Commonly known as the winter vomiting bug » Causes sudden onset of feeling sick, diarrhoea and projectile vomiting » Usually lasts 24-72 hours

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Why is it a problem?

3,000 people admitted to hospital Very easily spread Close contact with someone with norovirus Touching contaminated surfaces or objects – the virus can survive outside the body for several days Eating contaminated food, this can happen if an infected person doesn't wash their hands before handling food

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Apply this procedure

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Cleaning During Outbreak

» Frequency of cleaning should be increased compared to routine cleaning » Effective hand hygiene » Cleaning of hand contact points » Keep infected laundry separate Page 21 of pack gives details of effective cleaning.

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How can Environmental Health Officers help during an outbreak?

» Investigation of the outbreak if likely to be food borne » Interview staff » Advise on good hygiene practices » Advise on preventative measures

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Any Questions?

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Clostridium Difficile

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• C. difficile, What is it?

» C. difficile is a type of bacteria. Other members

• f the same family include:

» C. botulinum causes botulism. » C. perfringens causes food poisoning to gas gangrene. » C. tetani causes tetanus.

» Cause clinical symptoms by releasing toxins.

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Signs & Symptoms

» Significant diarrhoea ("new onset of > 3 partially formed or watery stools per 24 hour period") and one

• ther of the following:

» Recent antibiotic exposure. » Abdominal pain » Foul stool odour. » The presence of any one of these findings has a sensitivity of 80%

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• C. difficile

» Produces spores that are resistant to:

» Ultraviolet, » gamma radiation, » desiccation, » temperature, » starvation and » chemical disinfectants.

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What’s the problem

» C. diff is a commensal bacterium in 2-5% of the population. » Long-term hospitalization or residence in a nursing home increases the chances of C. diff colonisation. » After/during a course of broad spectrum antibiotics the natural intestinal flora is disrupted causing an

• vergrowth of C. diff. e.g. Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin

and Augmentin1 » Community acquired C. diff is on the rise (2.8 – 30%, unclear but rising).

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What’s the problem

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What’s the problem

• C. difficile infection rates

per 100,000 population by NHS England Area Team, 2014/15. Source: PHE

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Diagnosis

IF ANY PATIENT HAS LOOSE STOOLS GREATER THAN TWO TIMES IN ONE DAY YOU SUSPECT AN INFECTIVE CAUSE WITH NO CLEAR ALTERNATIVE. THEN YOU SHOULD ALWAYS CONSIDER CDI

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Making Bath & North East Somerset an even better place to live, work & visit

Turn to page 14 in your Outbreak Information Pack

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Making Bath & North East Somerset an even better place to live, work & visit

SUMMARY

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Treat any CDI seriously

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ANY QUESTIONS ?

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THANK YOU