Flight Path Tracking by ultrasound detection Measure impact of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Flight Path Tracking by ultrasound detection Measure impact of human infrastructures Diagnostic the efficiency of crossings structures D. Mauuary M. Charbonnier Partnership : EGIS Environnement (H. Pouchelle) CHIROPTERES ET INFRASTRUCTURES DE
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Partnership : EGIS Environnement (H. Pouchelle)
Measure impact of human infrastructures Diagnostic the efficiency of crossings structures
CHIROPTERES ET INFRASTRUCTURES DE TRANSPORT TERRESTRE
Strasbourg, SFA, Decembre 2013
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Founded by DM, Signal and Image processing PhD, INP Grenoble, Post Doc in IFM Kiel, publications in IEEE, JASA, Nature,... Startup created in 2010 5 employees R&D Bioacoustic Hardware and software solutions for wildlife researchers
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neurologist, signal processors, mathematicians, computer scientist, electronics designer, ...)
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The principle of Flight Path Tracking by ultrasound detection We use an array of 2 to n communicating sensor Sensors can be ultrasonic microphones, hydrophones or infra red cameras Animals detection, localisation, classification in aerial and submarine field
Tetrahedron shaped antennas with four sensors
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Animals which moves by echolocation emit pulses to locate themself in their environment These ultrasounds are frequently emitted (sometimes several times per second) so they are a excellent means of locating an individual These pulses are registered by the microphones but they reach them with a time difference
Voix 3 Voix 2 Voix 1 Voix 4
Schematic representation of the sound arrival on the antenna The sound arrive with a time difference on each microphones
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If We know the positions of each sensors and the distances between them we can calculate thanks our powerful algorytms the position X,Y,Z of each pulse The result is the pulses localisation which allows us to reconstrct the bat trajectory (with a precision of 10 cm in certain condition) Know where and when the pulses are emitted allow us to compare the animal trajectory to its environment perception.
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The quality of the localisation dependent of: The antenna geometrical shape and quality of the sensors The environment (acoustic reverberation, signal versus noise) Species studied (power emission , signal characteristics,)
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Feew results of impact studies A406 Mâcon : Bat underpass Bourges : Bridge over a highway Laurent Arthur ( Bourges Museum)
http://www.museum-bourges.net/chauve-souris-etudes-39.html
Rambouillet : Net in forest Laurent Tillon (ONF national forest office France)
11 Brut Trajectory Measuring site Flight path in a 3D environment for a better understanding and simulation
Problematic : does structure let pass the bats and how they cross it ?
Data treatment plot ( x, y z )
12 Trajectories of seven pipistrelles (Pipistrellus kuhlii) which pass under the highway to join the other forest.
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Bourges : How guide the bats on a bridge to avoid they crash on the higway ?
A wooden fence was installed to direct the bats on bridge. This trajectory shows that the bat dont want to take the bridge !!
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Rambouillet : Identification of corridor used by the bats to move across the forest ?
Installation of a net on an aerial corridor
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Bats arrive by small lateral corridors and pass over the forest path to use a larger corridor. Generally they repere the net and avoid it. We can observe a raise of pulsse some seconds before they change of direction. Left graft Myotis bechsteinii ; right graft Plecotus sp
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From European « Meetings business and Biodiversity », Eiffage, January 31, 2012
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Improvement of biological and behavioral knowledge :
Highlight microscopic migration flows Flight in relation to the environment
Species behaviors Altitude Speed Synchronization between motor and sensory system Environment perception And more …
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Buldings, Highway, Light polution, Noise polution.... Demonstrated a correlation between trajectory and visual disturbance / noise ( Dries P.J. Kuijper, 2008 ; Emma Louise Stone 2009 ) Highlighting details
how corridors (direction of growth and density correlated) Batbridge, Corridor, Underpath, Net.... Informations: avoidance distance, speed, frequency
Animal perception of the structure related to its size, shape, position
Diagnostic the efficiency of crossings structures according to their intrinsic
and environmental characteristics Calcul the impact of human infrastructures
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Using smartphone as acoustic sensor up to 20 Khz : low frequency bats (Tadarida and Nyctalus ) Deploying a wifi ultrasound sensor for species up to 120 Khz Estimating the path trajectories at large scale : MESOSCOPIC not MICROSCOPIC
The iBat city project : deploying ultrasound sensors at an urban
scale Calculate the correlation between roosts, displacement and anthropegenic activities
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A smart phone apps (windows, android, ios) Participation of citizens : creating social /cultural events with music, science, and challenges 50, 100, 200, 1000 sensors ? What is exactly the exact number of sensors to measure flight path densities (MESOSCALE point of view point)?
Key success factors :
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Distribute the software freely for volunteers Working with NGO (LPO-Isère) Use dense networks of microphones Measuring noise level in a distributed manner Searching sponsors and research partners...
iBat city challenges :