Fire Safety PPT-SM-FIRESFTY 1 V.A.0.0 Fire Theory Definition of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PPT-SM-FIRESFTY V.A.0.0

Fire Safety

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PPT-SM-FIRESFTY V.A.0.0

Fire Theory

Definition of fire

• Rapid, persistent chemical change that releases

heat and light

• Accompanied by flame
• Produces rapid oxidation

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Fire Tetrahedron

A fire needs four main elements to occur

• 1. Fuel
• 2. Oxygen
• 3. Heat
• 4. Chemical reaction

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Fire Classification

NFPA’s fire classification system is based on primary fuel

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A

Solid combustibles B Hydrocarbon and alcohol based liquids and gases

C

Energized electrical equipment

D

Flammable metals K Kitchen fires

PPT-SM-FIRESFTY V.A.0.0

Workplace Fire Hazards

Common workplace fire hazards

• Heating, electrical and mechanical equipment
• Storage and handling of combustible materials
• Proximity hazards
• Unauthorized smoking and poor smoking areas
• Conventional cooking

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Fire Prevention

• Purpose

– Assess potential fire hazards – Find ways to reduce risk of starting a fire – Find ways to reduce risk of injury

• Fire prevention includes

– Educating workers – Limiting ways a fire can start – Limiting injuries – Preparing workplace for a fire disaster

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Fire Prevention Plan

• Companies must develop a fire prevention plan
• The plan must cover

– Potential fire hazards – Procedures for fire prevention – Fire evacuation plans

• Plan must be in writing and available to workers

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Sources of Ignition

• Inspect jobsite for sources of ignition
• Identify and remove unnecessary materials
• Remove sources of ignition

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Sources of Ignition

Potential sources of ignition

• Tool selection
• Electrical equipment
• Static electricity
• Flash fires
• Hot work
• Kitchen fires
• Other fire prevention considerations

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Prevention

Good fire prevention

• Keep work areas clean and clutter free
• Know hazards of chemicals you work with
• Respect smoking restrictions
• Dispose of combustible materials
• Change oil soaked or contaminated clothing
• Clean up chemical spills and oil immediately

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Protection

Good fire protection practices

• Maintain and inspect all equipment routinely
• Keep fire lanes open and unobstructed
• Never block access to firefighting equipment
• Never move equipment or alter it in any way

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Protection

• Essential part of workplace safety
• Forms of protection include

– Detection systems – Portable extinguishers – Fixed extinguisher systems – Alarms – Trained fire brigades

• Properly trained workers take part in the fire prevention

system

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Fire Detection

• Alert workers to the presence of fire
• Three forms of fire detection

– Heat – Smoke – Flame

• Alarms must work at all times
• Maintenance and repairs

– Done by qualified and designated

workers

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Alarm Systems

• Warns workers of fire
• Must have distinct sound
• Qualified worker must

service, maintain and test

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Fire Extinguishing

• Fire extinguishers eliminate elements of fire

tetrahedron

• If tetrahedron is broken, fire will go out
• Additional cooling and water may be necessary

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Methods

Extinguishing methods include

• Cooling and quenching
• Smothering and blanketing
• Oxygen dilution
• Fuel removal
• Chemical flame inhibition

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Methods

• Cooling and quenching

– Reduces temperature of fuel below ignition

temperature

• Smothering and blanketing

– Separates fuel from oxygen

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Methods

• Oxygen dilution

– Reduces amount of available oxygen

• Fuel removal

– Removes fuel source

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Methods

Chemical flame inhibition

• Interrupts combustion reaction
• Stops flaming
• Effective on gas and liquid fuels

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Extinguisher Use

To properly extinguish a fire use the PASS method

• Pull the pin
• Aim at the base of the fire
• Squeeze lever
• Sweep back and forth

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Extinguisher Use

Training

• Must be delivered by a qualified person
• Should be conducted at

– Initial employment – At least annually thereafter

• Must cover

– Selecting correct type of extinguisher – Discharging extinguisher in emergency situation

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Training

Train workers on

• What to do during an emergency
• Specific fire hazards
• Escape procedures
• Equipment use

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Training

If you catch on fire

• Do not run
• Drop where you are
• Cover face with hands
• Roll around to smother

flames

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Stop, drop and roll.

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Worker Responsibility

• Read warnings on product labels and MSDS
• Ask supervisor if any questions arise
• Turn off all electrical appliances
• Obey no smoking signs
• When evacuating, do not use the elevator
• Keep low on hands and knees
• Touch door handles gently with back of hand
• If outdoors, keep wind behind you

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