February 23 rd 2012 The Waste to Resources Economy.. Technological, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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February 23 rd 2012 The Waste to Resources Economy.. Technological, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BESST CONFERENCE-TELFORD February 23 rd 2012 The Waste to Resources Economy.. Technological, Economic and Socio-Political Interactions to 2020 Peter Jones OBE ecolateraljones@btinternet.com The Global Context- Drivers/Outcomes Biosphere

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BESST CONFERENCE-TELFORD February 23rd 2012 The Waste to Resources Economy….. Technological, Economic and Socio-Political Interactions to 2020 Peter Jones OBE ecolateraljones@btinternet.com

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The Global Context- Drivers/Outcomes

Biosphere limits Population mix Resource pressure Internality costs Producer Responsibility Leasing systems Scruton Economics Resource Pressure Commodity prices Product redesign Energy inputs and in life use,reclaim &

  • bsolescence

Whole life

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Scruton Economics “Green Philosophy”

The Earth as a“home” to be preserved Trans-generational Non economic progress Values measurement Contracts with the unborn

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The Three Musketeers of Policy Implementation

ECONOMICS TECHNOLOGY ATTITUDE

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Technological Evolution

Low carbon embedded and generative Renewable and recoverable Design for recovery & upgrades Tracking, data, measurement and calibration Fewer composites Disruptive R&D in recessions

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1 tonne bale

  • f waste floc

The Resources Hierarchy

Compost/fertiliser soil fuels Recycling into new Materials Pyrolysis to Carbon Anaerobic Digestion Gasification/steam turbine Gasification/internal combustion Gasification/hydrog en/fuel cells Value by Financial and Fossil Carbon Tradeoffs

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The Carbon Competitors

Long term

  • Handicaps
  • Planning

Consents

  • Taxes
  • Better odds

elsewhere

  • Traded Permits
  • Renewable targets
  • Import dependency
  • n rivals
  • Rising logistics costs
  • High value prizes
  • Improving technology
  • EU targets
  • Energy trends
  • High value prizes
  • Traded Permits
  • Producer reuse

Form Early Faller Expensive Thoroughbred Regular Winner Stayer Good Value All Rounder

  • Low value prizes
  • Staying power
  • Plenty of local

runners

  • Cheap setup
  • Soils directive
  • Low distribution costs
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20 40 60 80 100 500 1000 1500 2000 CO2 impact/Neutrality per tonne Economics per tonne

    

kgs

The Zero Waste Game Boomerang

Note: Process emissions before net off energy

incineration gasifier plasma anaerobic digestion aerobic composting landfill High High Lo

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Inside A MRF

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Haase System

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AD/MBT DANO Drum

Source: Greenfinch

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In Vessel Composting

Capacity for 170,000 tonnes per annum Treatment of kitchen waste/green waste Animal By Products Order compliant using fully enclosed systems Odour/environmental controls

Waithlands

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Anaerobic digestion (AD)

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a method of waste treatment that produces a gas with high methane content from

  • rganic materials.

The methane can be used to produce heat, electricity, or a combination of the two.

Land Requirements

Estimated at 1 sq ft per tonne processed.

Capital Costs

£10m - £29m for 60,000 tpa plant

Operating Costs

£28 per tonne processed

Staff Levels

Dependent on unit size

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Gasification Plant – Isle of Wight

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Marchwood EFW 165,000 tpa

Source: Veolia

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Japanese Gasification Technologies

Kazusa, Japan, Nippon Steel, 2002, 60,000 tpa Aomori, Japan, Ebara, 2001, 135,000 tpa (ASR) Kawaguchi, Japan, Ebara TIFG, 2002, 125,000 tpa Toyohashi, Japan, Mitsui R21, 2002, 120,000 tpa

Source: Juniper

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Plasma Furnace Configuration

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GASIFICATION REACTOR DETAIL

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Hydrogen Energy Station Distributed Power and Hydrogen

MCFC Power Heat H2 H2 Purification End User Hydrogen Filling Stations

Money

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Precrushing Unit and Hammer mill for Biomass Feedstock – German Biomass to Synthetic Transport Fuels plant

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Investment Profile in Waste Technology

System Tonnes capacity annually Capital £m £ per process tonne

Windrow composting 40,000 1-2 c50-80 Mechanical separation 100,000 10 100 Anaerobic digestion 50,000 10 200 Small scale ADVANCED thermal 50-60,000 25 500 Large scale EfW 500,000 250 + 500 Medium scale EfW 120,000 60 450 Small scale gasifier/syn gas 60-80,000 50 800

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The Last Technology Standing in Waste?

Lowest Carbon Footprint= low tax exposure Highest Gj energetic conversion equivalence Highest sales value per exit Gj. = Highest bidder for feedstock.

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Timing the Landfill Transition 2007

1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tonnes to Landfill (millions) £ Gate Fee

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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WHERE ARE THE MARKETS?

Energy as gas, heat, light ,transport fuel, steam and cooling =£ 120 billion-8% of UK GDP Recycling 30 million tonnes = £ 4 billion- 3% of GDP Composting 4 million tonnes =£100 million – 0.08% of GDP Landfill Mining?????

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Overall location maps for each waste technology - Organics

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Every day Britain throws away

Source: WRAP & The Independent

1.6 M Bananas 5,500 Chickens 5.1 M Potatoes 1.3 M Yoghurts 220,000

Loaves of Bread

660,000 Eggs 1.2 M Sausages

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Retail Value - Energy, Compost and Fertiliser in AWM Region

Retail Value of Relevant Commodities (£10.00 Billion)

Heat 2,024,218,199 20% Electricity 2,460,782,618 24% Transport Fuel 5,537,817,091 55% Compost 4,096,606 0% Fertiliser 50,797,172 1% Assumed Retail Values Domestic Commercial Electricity (p/kWh) 11.98 6.17 Heat (p/kWh) 3.19 1.99 Fuel (£/litre) 1.18 1.24 Peat Compost (£/m3) Fertiliser (£/tonne) 15 470

Source: SLR/AWM

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The Lights Go Out???

Source: DTI

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Meeting the Energy Challenge

200 100

Each wedge = 17 TWh

5000 x 500kW CHP units +18% fuel economy for all cars 4 x 800 MW nuclear reactors 2500 x 500kW biomass CHP 5000 x 2MW wind turbines 200 million X 1m2 PV panels 1 Severn Barrage 10% transport biofuels

TWhr 2006 2020

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The Regional Route Map

Define the energy sink That defines the energy need That defines the technology That defines the „fuel‟ mix That defines the logistics That defines the collection discipline

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What are “Good” Fossil Substitution Sinks?

Food –freezing,preparation+retail Diversified industrial estates Hospitals Prisons Bus and truck complexes Docks and Airports and Distribution Data centres Energy distribution pipes and wires Confectionery factories Sewage plants Road fuel distribution depots Industrial gases operations

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Resource Super Centres

CHP 2-25 MwE Logistics depot Recyclate warehouse Enclosed composting Adjacent reprocessing and remanufacture

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Source: Labour Market Trends & UK National Accounts (The Blue Book)

Costs for Producer Responsibility

Cost as value % retail support Thousand tonnes output 50 20 10 5 250 500 1,000 2,000 8,000

Glass containers Paper & board Cars Plastics Tyres Fridges Brown goods

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Structural Shifts in the “waste” Sector

New entrants attracted by new exit routes & technologies Balance sheet strengths-weaknesses Shift from disposal to managed exits Added value shift from gate fees to

  • utput sales

Removal of PFIs- Risk treatment Ripple out to wider “energy” markets

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2014-2015 The Perfect Storm

Landfill Diversion of organics Carbon Reduction Commitment bites 120 fewer Landfills Ongoing coal and nuclear non replacement - Brownouts Evidential climate chaos ? Green Investment Bank EU Resource Efficiency and IPP Agenda Recession Ends

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Why is there an Investment Hiatus in Waste?

Innovation Risk comprises those

  • n-

………Feedstock supply ………Site and Land ………Technology ……..Exit markets for output ……..Funding THERE IS NO PLc with a singular approach to these risks and we are ignoring the scale of sewerage sites!

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New Alliances in Carbon Efficiency

Solutions & ESCOs

  • Technology Skills
  • Grid Backup
  • Grid Inputs
  • Regulatory Risk
  • Infrastructure

Energy Suppliers

  • Contracts
  • Locations
  • Economic Role

in Communities

  • Carbon CSR

Agenda

  • Forward Price

Uncertainty

Electrical & Heat Users

  • Rising Gate Fees
  • Process Technology
  • Conditioning Technology
  • Supply Chain
  • Strong Balance Sheets

Waste & Resource Logistics Technology Suppliers

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GOVERNMENT ACTION-the Dream

Online Data Management A Simple Renewable Energy Strategy…..Gj Tax on inputs + CO2 Emissions Tax on Power plants Auction Major Sewerage assets as part of OFT Review Landfill Bans Integrated Ministerial approaches. Planning Methodology

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Government Actions-the Reality

DECC in the lead,DEFRA,DCLG&BISS Arbitrary changes on solar FITs. Old McDonalds Farm & the 27 Historical locational approach Planning Multi Departmental axes. Legal Definitions+Protocols

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Environmental KTN

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Peter T. Jones O.B.E

ecolateraljones@btinternet.com www.ecolateral.org