Experimental Techniques Nick Esker Postdoc, EMMA group - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Experimental Techniques Nick Esker Postdoc, EMMA group - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 04, 2023 221 likes •477 views

Experimental Techniques Nick Esker Postdoc, EMMA group neesker@triumf.ca Three sessions for all detection schemes.. My Goal: This is a very large area of active research, with ~100 years of history from Roentgen & the Curies to

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Experimental Techniques

Nick Esker

Postdoc, EMMA group neesker@triumf.ca

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Three sessions for all detection schemes…..

  • My Goal: This is a very large area of active research, with ~100 years
  • f history from Roentgen & the Curies to present. I want you all to be

able to tackle a modern experiment without getting too distracted /

  • ff-put by the “how”
  • Three sessions IS NOT ENOUGH!!!! I’m purposefully ignoring:
  • Accelerators, reactors
  • Relativistic effects
  • Electronics / DAQ
  • Statistics
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How this’ll work

  • We’ve a lot of material to cover. Too much.
  • I’m a strong believer in “active learning”
  • 40-50 min of lecturing (with plenty of questions )
  • 10-15 min of small group activity, working on some toy problems
  • PLEASE ASK QUESTIONS!!!!
  • Resources:
  • Knoll: Nuclear Instrumentation
  • Krane: Nuclear Physics
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The PlanTM

Day 1 – Nov 6

  • Radiation interaction

with matter

  • α, β, γ, n0 , SF decay
  • Scintillators
  • Organic
  • Inorganic
  • Light detectors
  • PMT, MCP
  • Examples at TRIUMF

Day 2 – Nov 15

  • Charge particles

counting w/ gas

  • Geiger-Mueller
  • Prop. counters
  • Semiconductors
  • Si detectors
  • HPGe detectors
  • Examples at TRIUMF

Day 3 – Nov 17

  • Manipulating matter
  • E and B fields
  • lasers
  • Examples
  • Recoil separators
  • Traps
  • Potpourri
  • Active targets
  • 0νν detectors
  • HE calorimeters
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Ionizing radiation’s interaction with matter

  • Sources of ionizing radiation?
  • Accelerators and Reactors (& HE lasers)
  • Multiple secondary sources
  • Nuclear decay
  • α, β, γ, n0 , SF decay
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Nuclear decay

  • α
  • β
  • γ
  • n0
  • SF
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Nuclear decay

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“Heavy” charged ions

10 MeV / u, Zbeam= 6,7,8,10,18

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“Heavy”, charged ions

  • Bragg Curve
  • Energy (E), range in matter (x), and

timing (t) are all affected by straggling, which widen their distributions

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Believing Bragg by Bethe-Bloch

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Beyond heavy…

  • e-
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Photons and matter

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Photons and matter

  • Three regimes
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n0 interactions

  • Elastic collision with the nucleus
  • Capture cross section dependent
  • Look for secondary forms of radiation
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E deposited in matter

  • So, at this point, we’ve covered a couple general ways to deposit E of
  • ur ionizing radiation into some material. Once it’s there, how can we

detect it?

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Scintillating

  • What makes a good scintillator?
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Scintillators

  • Organic
  • Inorganic
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Efficiency of scintillation

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Detecting Light - PMT

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Detecting Light - MCP

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Concluding remarks

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Active scintillators @ TRIUMF

  • DRAGON’s

gas target

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SLIDE 23

Active scintillators @ TRIUMF

  • DESCANT neutron detectors
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Exercise

1. Calculate the scintillation efficiency of anthracene if a 1.5 MeV alpha particle is stopped in the medium, which created 20,300 photons with average wavelength of 447 nm 2. Starting from the full Bethe-Bloch, derive the non-relativistic Bethe-Bloch from the lecture 3. An ion chamber with parallel plate electrodes, spaced 5 cm apart, is filled with methane up to 1 atm and operated at 1 kV. Knowing the W-value of methane (27.3 eV/ ion pair), calculate the maximum e collection time. (Might need to look up mobility of ions in electric field, gas)