EPRI Occupational Health and Safety Database (OHSD ) EEI - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EPRI Occupational Health and Safety Database (OHSD)

EPRI Program Manager: Gabor Mezei PhD

EEI Occupational Safety & Health Committee Conference October 8, 2008

Researchers: Michael A. Kelsh, PhD, MPH Tiffani Ann Fordyce, MPH Libby Morimoto, PhD

Overview of EPRI Occupational Overview of EPRI Occupational Health and Safety Database Project Health and Safety Database Project

• Integrated database of workplace

injuries among electric utility workers

• Combines various data sources:

– Worker injuries (safety) – Personnel data (human resources) – Worker compensation (legal)

• 17 Participating utilities

– 8 Utilities—continuous data 1995–2006

• Includes:

– Over a million worker years of observation – More than 35,000 OHSA reportable injuries

Disease and Injury Disease and Injury “ “Surveillance Surveillance” ”

• “Cornerstone” of Public Health Science

and disease prevention

– Cancer registries – Mortality registries – Birth defects registries – MV crash registries – Injury registries – NHANES surveys

OHSD Project Objectives OHSD Project Objectives

• Monitor and evaluate injury/illness

trends in the electric energy industry workforce

• Identify high risk occupations
• Quantify costs and lost time
• Provide basis for research priorities
• Improve benchmarking capabilities
• Characterize risk factors and rates for

special injuries (e.g., burns, strains, motor vehicle crashes)

Predictive Value of Injury Information Predictive Value of Injury Information

• Accurate information on injury trends

and injury risk:

– Robust statistics on common and rare injuries – Not your weekly injury report – Particular attention to estimating risk/hazards – Focus on target occupational and demographic groups – Long term perspective

Comparisons with Other Safety Data Comparisons with Other Safety Data

• Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)/

Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)

– Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses – National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

• Edison Electric Institute (EEI)

– Industry-wide statistics – Less detail than OHSD – Relies on survey rather than original data

• Utility-specific Systems

– Smaller number of events for rare injuries – Occupational and demographic analyses not routinely performed

Annual Report: Standard Features Annual Report: Standard Features

• Work force

characterization

• Injury trends over time
• Nature of injury
• Body region affected
• Injury rates across

participating utilities

• Occupation and location
• Demographic factors
• Injury source/ accident

type

Components of EPRI OHSD Components of EPRI OHSD

• Special projects

– Burn injury analysis – Sprain/strain injury study – Technical support for ergonomics projects – Overtime study – Web reporting

• Tailored collaboration projects

– Motor vehicle crash study – Benchmarking studies

Average Annual Num ber of Em ployees for Core Utility Com panies

• 2,000

4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 Company P Company O Company F Company E Company D Company C Company B Company A Com pany Average Annual N um ber of Em ployees

Overall Company-Wide Injury Rates by Year and Company Code, 1995-2006

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Injury Rate per 100 Employee Years

Company A Company B Company C Company D Company E Company F Company O Company P

Distribution and Injury Rate for Electric Utility Workers by Age Group, 1995-2006

0.9% 1.5% 12.1% 26.9% 40.2% 0.2% 18.3%

3.0 4.0 4.2 4.0 2.3 1.4 0.3 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 20 or Less 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-65 65+

Percentage of Age Group

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years

Distribution of Age Group Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee Y

Does not include data from Company N. The distribution is based on employee-years data and includes all employees.

Injury Rates per 100 Employee-Years by Occupational Group, 1995-2006

0.38 0.65 1.20 1.23 1.46 1.47 1.88 2.20 2.83 3.22 3.37 3.55 3.94 4.32 4.41 4.70 5.60 5.84 7.49 12.28 12.39 14.07 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00

Managers Engineers Technical/ Professional Support Coordinators Other Supervisors Representatives Administrative Support Custodians/ Cooks Other Technicians Security Plant and Equipment Operators Material Handlers and Porters Drivers/ Deliverers/ I nspectors/ Patrol Electricians Foreman Machinists Maintenance Workers Mechanics Line Workers Welders Meter Readers

I njury Rate per 10 0 Em ployee-Years

Number of lost time and recordable injuries and Number of lost time and recordable injuries and employee employee years, injury rate, and FTE loss rate by job years, injury rate, and FTE loss rate by job classification, 1995 classification, 1995– –2006, EPRI OHSD 2006, EPRI OHSD

Job Classification Number of Employee-Years Number of Injuries Injury Rate per 100 Employee- Years* Number of FTEs Lost FTE Loss Rate per 10,000 Employee- Years Administrative Support 54,707 1205 2.20 63.55 11.62 Coordinators 22,665 278 1.23 9.81 4.33 Custodians/Cooks 3,992 113 2.83 3.17 7.94 Drivers/Deliverers/Inspectors/Patrol 13,554 585 4.32 56.09 41.38 Electricians 29,574 1305 4.41 52.70 17.82 Engineers 65,152 422 0.65 7.08 1.09 Foreman 10,007 470 4.70 21.96 21.95 Line Workers 52,518 6447 12.28 249.78 47.56 Machinists 8,542 478 5.60 16.73 19.58 Maintenance Workers 61,434 3588 5.84 108.94 17.73 Managers 68,605 263 0.38 6.37 0.93 Material Handlers and Porters 13,691 540 3.94 21.77 15.90 Mechanics 73,510 5506 7.49 197.80 26.91 Meter Readers 36,044 5070 14.07 190.05 52.73 Other 21,717 317 1.46 3.77 1.74 Other Technicians 28,568 920 3.22 29.37 10.28 Plant and Equipment Operators 71,906 2551 3.55 78.91 10.97 Representatives 73,781 1390 1.88 139.89 18.96 Security 11,918 402 3.37 21.90 18.37 Supervisors 65,298 962 1.47 48.77 7.47 Technical/Professional Support 161,836 1937 1.20 63.35 3.91 Welders 2,001 248 12.39 3.74 18.67 Grand Total 951,020 34,997 3.68 1,395 14.67

Patterns of Injuries by Body Region Affected

20.53% 14.57% 8.76% 8.61% 8.39% 8.18% 7.13% 4.88% 4.70% 4.67% 4.03% 3.19% 2.14% 0.22% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

B a c k / T r u n k H a n d / F i n g e r H e a d N e c k / S h

• u

l d e r U p p e r E x t r e m i t i e s ( A r m , F

• r

e a r m , E l b

• w

) K n e e s O t h e r L

• w

e r E x t r e m i t i e s W r i s t E y e s A n k l e F e e t / T

• e

B

• d

y S y s t e m M u l t i p l e P a r t s U n k n

• w

n Percent of Total Injuries

Patterns of Injuries by Nature of Injury

42.45% 17.06% 8.56% 6.05% 5.22% 4.13% 3.05% 2.67% 2.43% 1.52% 0.98% 0.89% 0.84% 0.68% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

S p r a i n s , S t r a i n s C u t , L a c e r a t i

• n

, P u n c t u r e C

• n

t u s i

• n

, B r u i s e F r a c t u r e / D i s l

• c

a t i

• n

C T D / R S I S c r a t c h e s , A b r a s i

• n

s R e s p i r a t

• r

y B i t e H e a r i n g L

• s

s

• r

I m p a i r m e n t D e r m a t i t i s / S k i n B u r n H e a t / T h e r m a l B u r n U n c l a s s i f i e d E l e c t r i c S h

• c

k , E l e c t r

• c

u t i

• n

C r u s h i n g Percent of Total Injuries

Categories shown represent 96% of injuries

Selected Occupational Groups: Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years by Injury Source

49.58 27.73 42.73 28.38 17.94 129.82 90.35 405.13 47.62 106.66 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 A n i m a l

• r

I n s e c t B i t e C a u g h t I n , U n d e r ,

• r

B e t w e e n C

• n

t a c t w i t h E l e c t r i c C u r r e n t C

• n

t a c t w i t h R a d i a t i

• n

/ C a u s t i c s / T

• x

i c S u b s t a n c C

• n

t a c t w i t h T e m p e r a t u r e E x t r e m e F a l l

• n

S a m e L e v e l F a l l t

• D

i f f e r e n t L e v e l

• r

f r

• m

E l e v a t i

• O

v e r

• e

x e r t i

• n

/ B

• d

y M

• t

i

• n

S t r i k i n g A g a i n s t S t r u c k B y Injuries per 10,000 Employee-Years

Line Workers

Selected Occupational Groups: Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years by Injury Source

300.42 10.26 12.90 10.26 4.30 222.01 50.29 277.26 69.15 56.58

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 A n i m a l

• r

I n s e c t B i t e C a u g h t I n , U n d e r ,

• r

B e t w e e n C

• n

t a c t w i t h E l e c t r i c C u r r e n t C

• n

t a c t w i t h R a d i a t i

• n

/ C a u s t i c s / T

• x

i c S u b s t a n c e s C

• n

t a c t w i t h T e m p e r a t u r e E x t r e m e s F a l l

• n

S a m e L e v e l F a l l t

• D

i f f e r e n t L e v e l

• r

f r

• m

E l e v a t i

• n

O v e r

• e

x e r t i

• n

/ B

• d

y M

• t

i

• n

S t r i k i n g A g a i n s t S t r u c k B y Injuries per 10,000 Employee-Years

Meter Readers

Selected Occupational Groups: Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years by Injury Source

10.67 3.56 7.11 46.23 21.34 24.89 7.11 103.13 21.34 110.24

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 A n i m a l

• r

I n s e c t B i t e C a u g h t I n , U n d e r ,

• r

B e t w e e n C

• n

t a c t w i t h E l e c t r i c C u r r e n t C

• n

t a c t w i t h R a d i a t i

• n

/ C a u s t i c s / T

• x

i c S u b s t a n c e s C

• n

t a c t w i t h T e m p e r a t u r e E x t r e m e s F a l l

• n

S a m e L e v e l F a l l t

• D

i f f e r e n t L e v e l

• r

f r

• m

E l e v a t i

• n

O v e r

• e

x e r t i

• n

/ B

• d

y M

• t

i

• n

S t r i k i n g A g a i n s t S t r u c k B y Injuries per 10,000 Employee-Years

Welders

Female:Male Injury Rate Ratios1 and 95% Confidence Intervals by Job Classification: EPRI OHSD 1995-2006

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 F

• r

e m a n M a c h i n i s t s O t h e r W e l d e r s O t h e r T e c h n i c i a n s U n k n

• w

n D r i v e r s / D e l i v e r e r s / I n s p e c t

• r

s / P a t r

• l

M a i n t e n a n c e W

• r

k e r s A d m i n i s t r a t i v e S u p p

• r

t E l e c t r i c i a n s M a t e r i a l H a n d l e r s a n d P

• r

t e r s C u s t

• d

i a n s / C

• k

s L i n e W

• r

k e r s M e c h a n i c s S u p e r v i s

• r

s T e c h n i c a l / P r

• f

e s s i

• n

a l S u p p

• r

t C

• r

d i n a t

• r

s P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t O p e r a t

• r

s E n g i n e e r s S e c u r i t y M e t e r R e a d e r s Rate Ratio

1) Controlled for age

Work Work-

• Related Fatalities

Related Fatalities

• 41 fatalities were reported during the

twelve-year period

– 16 of the fatalities involved line workers – 6 of the fatalities involved contact with an electric current – 6 of the fatalities involved vehicle accidents; 4 involved helicopters – Rate of 4.0 fatalities per 100,000 employee-years

Distribution of Fatalities by Occupation: EPRI OHSD 1995-2006

39.0% 9.8% 9.8% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% L i n e W

• r

k e r s M a i n t e n a n c e W

• r

k e r s M a n a g e r s C

• r

d i n a t

• r

s E l e c t r i c i a n s F

• r

e m a n M e c h a n i c s M e t e r R e a d e r s T e c h n i c a l / P r

• f

e s s i

• n

a l S u p p

• r

t D r i v e r s / D e l i v e r e r s / I n s p e c t

• r

s / P a t r

• l

P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t O p e r a t

• r

s R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s Percent of All Fatalities 16 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

Injury Rate and Count of Injuries per 100 Employee Years by Primary Work Location, 1995-2006

7.45 4.17 3.66 3.30 3.18 2.53 2.32 9.25 10.02 3.12 1.42 43 6,723 680 146 4,237 1,223 688 436 166 467 6,408 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 T r a n s m i s s i

• n

a n d D i s t r i b u t i

• n

S h

• p

G a r a g e O t h e r F a c i l i t i e s S u b s t a t i

• n

F i e l d G e n e r a t i

• n

S t a t i

• n

s W a r e h

• u

s e C u s t

• m

e r S e r v i c e O f f i c e T r a i n i n g

Rate per 100 Employee-Years

• 5,000

10,000

Count of Injuries

Rate Count of Injuries

Selected job classifications: primary work locations with highest injury rate

Job Classification Primary Work Location Injury Rate per 100 Employee-Years Line Workers Training 25.32 Transmission and Distribution 16.34 Meter Readers Transmission and Distribution 19.89 Office 16.40 Mechanics Shop 16.12 Garage 15.02 Electricians Shop 13.97 Substation 7.80 Drivers/Deliverers/Inspectors/Patrol Warehouse 15.92 Generation Stations 3.16 Welders Field 13.89 Generation Stations 12.02 Plant and Equipment Operators Field 4.96 Substation 4.94

Special Topics Special Topics

• Low back injuries
• Hand/wrist injuries
• Cumulative trauma

injuries

• Burn injuries
• Strain/sprain injuries
• Lost time due to

injuries

• Injury occurrence by

day of week

• Storm duty related

injuries

• Medical costs
• Motor vehicle related

Motor vehicle related Injuries Injuries

• Generation stations

Generation stations

Special Topics: Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years by Year for Vehicle Crash Related Injuries

13.33 14.32 11.29 11.88 14.44 17.55 16.27 17.14 15.50 14.41 14.90 14.31

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years

Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Companies E,F,P: 1995-2006 Company O: 1995–2005,Companies A, B, C, D: 2001–2002; 2004-2006, Companies I, J, K, L: 2002, 2005-2006 Company G: 1995–1997, Company H: 1999–2000, Company M: 1999–2006

99.59 39.14 23.71 20.33 19.10 19.00 15.50 15.12 11.01 10.97 10.32 9.56 8.89 8.00 6.78 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years

M e t e r R e a d e r s L i n e W

• r

k e r s M e c h a n i c s D r i v e r s / D e l i v e r e r s / I n s p e c t

• r

s / P a t r

• l

F

• r

e m a n M a i n t e n a n c e W

• r

k e r s E l e c t r i c i a n s S e c u r i t y C

• r

d i n a t

• r

s S u p e r v i s

• r

s O t h e r T e c h n i c i a n s R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s M a t e r i a l H a n d l e r s a n d P

• r

t e r s P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t O p e r a t

• r

s T e c h n i c a l / P r

• f

e s s i

• n

a l S u p p

• r

t

Special Topics: Rate of Motor Vehicle Related Injuries by Occupation

Data from Companies E,F,P: 1995-2006 Company O: 1995–2005,Companies A, B, C, D: 2001–2002; 2004-2006, Companies I, J, K, L: 2002, 2005-2006 Company G: 1995–1997, Company H: 1999–2000, Company M: 1999–2006, EPRI OHSD

Special Topics: Rate of Motor Vehicle Related Injuries and 95% Confidence Intervals by Age Group

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 20 or Less 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-65 65+

Age Group

Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years Data from Companies E,F,P: 1995-2006 Company O: 1995–2005,Companies A, B, C, D: 2001–2002; 2004-2006, Companies I, J, K, L: 2002, 2005-2006 Company G: 1995–1997, Company H: 1999–2000, Company M: 1999–2006, EPRI OHSD

Special Topics: Generation Stations - Injury Rates per 100 Employee Years by Type of Generation Station, EPRI OHSD 1995-2006

4.88 4.51 3.50 3.17 2.81 1.78

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Coal Hydro Fossil Hydraulic Nuclear Steam

Injury Rates per 100 Employee Years

Special Topics: Generation Stations - Injury Rates per 100 Employee Years by Occupation, EPRI OHSD 1995-2006

12.02 7.70 7.15 5.85 5.85 4.70 4.08 3.98 3.52 3.16 3.05 2.59 2.47 4.84 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 W e l d e r s L i n e W

• r

k e r s M e c h a n i c s E l e c t r i c i a n s A d m i n i s t r a t i v e S u p p

• r

t O t h e r T e c h n i c i a n s M a c h i n i s t s M e t e r R e a d e r s S e c u r i t y M a t e r i a l H a n d l e r s a n d P

• r

t e r s D r i v e r s / D e l i v e r e r s / I n s p e c t

• r

s / P a t r

• l

P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t O p e r a t

• r

s C u s t

• d

i a n s / C

• k

s M a i n t e n a n c e W

• r

k e r s Injury Rates per 100 Employee Years

Distribution of Injury Source Primary Work Location: Nuclear Power Generation Stations

39.55% 28.04% 10.18% 5.54% 5.00% 4.11% 3.13% 1.79% 1.52% 0.89% 0.18% 0.09%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% U n k n

• w

n O v e r e x e r t i

• n

, B

• d

y M

• t

i

• n

N

• i

s e e x p

• s

u r e F a l l

• n

s a m e l e v e l F a l l t

• d

i f f e r e n t l e v e l

• r

f r

• m

e l e v a t i

• n

S t r u c k b y C

• n

t a c t w i t h r a d i a t i

• n

s / c a u s t i c s / t

• x

i c s u b s t a n c e s S t r i k i n g a g a i n s t C

• n

t a c t w i t h e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t V e h i c l e a c c i d e n t A n i m a l

• r

I n s e c t B i t e C

• n

t a c t w i t h t e m p e r a t u r e e x t r e m e s Percent of All Injuries

Past Peer Past Peer-

• Review Publications

Review Publications

• Factors that Distinguish Serious Versus Less

Severe Non-Lost Time Strain and Sprain Injuries: An Analysis of Electric Utility Workers

• Thermal Burn and Electric Shock Injuries among

Electric Utility Workers, 1995-2004.

• Occupational injury surveillance among electric

utility employees.

• Development of an occupational illness and

injury surveillance database for the electric energy sector.

Burn/Electric Shock Injuries Burn/Electric Shock Injuries

• Burns and electric shock injuries

represent only 3.7% of total injuries, but account for 13% of all medical claim costs

• 9 of 41 fatalities in the OHSD resulted

from contact with electric current or temperature extremes

45% 40% 6% 9% Electric Shock/Electrocution Thermal Chemical Unclassified

Burn/Electric Shock Injuries Burn/Electric Shock Injuries

n=51 n=399 n=345 n=77

Burn/Electric Shock Injuries Burn/Electric Shock Injuries

Burn/Electric Shock Injuries by Burn/Electric Shock Injuries by Occupation Occupation

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 W e l d e r s L i n e W

• r

k e r s E l e c t r i c i a n s M e t e r R e a d e r s M e c h a n i c s M a i n t e n a n c e W

• r

k e r s P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t O p e r a t

• r

s M a c h i n i s t s O t h e r T e c h n i c i a n s F

• r

e m a n C u s t

• d

i a n s / C

• k

s D r i v e r s / D e l i v e r e r s / I n s p e c t

• r

s / P a t r

• l

S e c u r i t y A l l O t h e r O c c u p a t i

• n

s Age-adjusted rate per 10,000 Employee Years

Burn/Electric Shock Injuries: Injury Rate Burn/Electric Shock Injuries: Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee Years by Injured per 10,000 Employee Years by Injured Body Part Body Part

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 H a n d / F i n g e r U p p e r E x t r e m i t i e s ( A r m , F

• r

e a r m , E l b

• w

) H e a d E y e s N

• n

c l a s s i f i a b l e M u l t i p l e P a r t s N e c k / S h

• u

l d e r B a c k / T r u n k O t h e r L

• w

e r E x t r e m i t i e s W r i s t F e e t / T

• e

B

• d

y S y s t e m A n k l e K n e e s Rate per 10,000 Employee Years

Conference Presentations Conference Presentations

• National Occupational Injury Research

Symposium (NOIRS)

– Workplace injuries and illness trends in the electric energy industry: initial results from a comprehensive occupational health and safety surveillance system

• American Industrial Hygiene Association

Conference & Exposition (AIHA)

– Developing a surveillance database for epidemiologic analysis

• f occupational injuries: experience with the electric utility

industry

• World Congress on Neck Pain

– Neck injuries among electric utility workers: 1995-2006

• Lifesavers

– Motor vehicle crashes among electric utility workers

Mean and Median Medical Costs for Electric Mean and Median Medical Costs for Electric Utility Workers by Company Code Utility Workers by Company Code

$5,042 $4,907 $4,174 $3,249 $3,116 $2,776 $2,480 $1,533 $1,161 $2,335 $673 $478 $507 $483 $471 $328 $121 $451 $80 $- $- $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 E *** F D M C ALL G A B

Mean Lost Days

$- $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000

Median Lost Days

Mean Medical Costs Median Medical Costs

Companies H, N, and P do not provide medical cost data

Count of Injuries, Injury Rate and 95% Count of Injuries, Injury Rate and 95% Confidence Intervals for Meter Readers by Confidence Intervals for Meter Readers by Company Code Company Code

1.3 2.8 5.8 11.8 12.5 12.5 13.0 15.3 17.7 27.5

• 100

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 G M H A B *** C P E D

Count of Injuries

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

Injury Rate per 100 Employee-Years

Count of Injuries Injury Rate per 100 Employee Years

Rationale for Motor Vehicle Crash Rationale for Motor Vehicle Crash Study Study

• Overall rate of injuries due to motor

vehicle crashes

– 14.52 per 10,000 employee years

• Motor vehicle crashes

– 6% of all injuries – 2nd highest cause of work fatalities

• Concerns regarding driver distractions

2.08 crashes per 100 residents 2.08 crashes per 100 residents

Electric utilities: 2.49 crashes per 100 employee years

United States United States

47 55 67 1.77 2.27 2.79

40 80 120 160 200 2000 2004 2005

Year

Count of Crashes

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

Crash Rate per 100 Employee-Years

Count of Crashes Crash Rate per 100 Employee-Years

Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals

Count, Crash Rate, Count, Crash Rate, and 95% Confidence Intervals per and 95% Confidence Intervals per 100 Employee Years for Motor Vehicle Crashes by Year, 100 Employee Years for Motor Vehicle Crashes by Year, 2004 2004– –2005: Company C 2005: Company C

37.5% 25.0% 14.3% 14.3% 5.4% 3.6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Percentage of All Motor Vehicle Crashes O t h e r L a r g e T r u c k V a n B u c k e t T r u c k P i c k u p T r u c k P a s s e n g e r C a r S U V

57 crashes where vehicle type is unknown are excluded

Distribution of Company C Motor Distribution of Company C Motor Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type

Recap and Summary Recap and Summary

• OHSD description, objectives and

benefits

• Overview of characteristics and
• ngoing activities of EPRI OHSD project
• Highlighted examples of workplace

injury trends

• Reviewed special projects

Questions? Questions?

Thank you! Thank you!

Back Up Slides Back Up Slides

Years during which participating companies contributed data, 1995-2006

Employee-Years by Year and Company Code, 1995-2006

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Number of Employee-Years

Company A Company B Company C Company D Company E Company F Company O Company P

Distribution of Employees by Gender: EPRI OHSD 1995- 2006

72.3% 22.1% 5.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Male Female Unknown Gender Percent of Total Employees

Occupational Classification Coding Occupational Classification Coding

• Line workers
• Electricians
• Meter readers
• Plant and equipment
• perators
• Mechanics
• Machinists
• Maintenance workers
• Welders
• Custodians/cooks
• Technical/professional

support

• Material handlers/porters
• Engineers
• Foremen
• Managers
• Supervisors
• Administrative support
• Security
• Other technicians
• Coordinators
• Drivers/deliverers/

inspectors/patrol

Body Part Injured Coding Body Part Injured Coding

• Back/trunk
• Eye
• Knee
• Hand/finger
• Head
• Neck/shoulder
• Ankle
• Feet/toe
• Other lower

extremities

• Upper extremities:

arm, forearm, elbow

• Multiple parts
• Body system
• Wrist
• Non-classifiable

Nature of Injury Coding Nature of Injury Coding

• Burns (chemical, flashburn,

thermal, unclassified)

• Electric shock/electrocution
• Sprains/strains
• Concussion
• Crushing
• Fractures
• Lacerations/cuts/punctures
• Contusions/bruises
• CTD/RSI
• Bite
• Scratches/abrasions
• Infection
• Inflammation/swelling
• Hernia/rupture
• Occupational disease, not

elsewhere classified

• Respiratory
• Hearing loss or impairment
• Dermatitis/skin
• Multiple injuries
• Heat/cold environment
• Death
• Other
• Non-classifiable

Source of Injury Codes Source of Injury Codes

• Animal or insect bite
• Caught in, under or

between

• Contact with electric

current

• Contact with

radiation/caustic substances

• Fall—same level
• Fall—different

levels

• Overexertion/body

motion

• Strike against
• Struck by
• Vehicle accident

Injury rate per 10,000 employee-years by job classification and injury source

Animal or Insect Bite Caught In, Under, or Between Contact with Electric Current Contact with Radiations/ Caustics/Toxic/ Noxious Substances Contact with Temperature Extremes Fall on Same Level Fall to Different Level or from Elevation Over- exertion/ Body Motion Striking Against Struck By Administrative Support 2.86 2.20 0.00 4.40 0.22 29.73 9.25 74.22 5.51 9.47 Coordinators 6.81 0.52 1.05 3.67 1.05 16.25 4.19 27.25 3.14 5.76 Custodians/Cooks 2.90 11.60 0.00 5.80 8.70 14.50 14.50 92.78 14.50 20.30 Drivers/Deliverers/Inspectors/Patrol 10.95 7.82 12.51 10.17 7.04 49.27 11.73 140.00 33.63 43.02 Electricians 4.77 13.51 17.08 9.14 7.95 37.74 17.08 127.94 26.62 28.61 Engineers 1.74 0.87 0.87 2.09 1.04 5.39 3.13 11.83 4.17 4.52 Foreman 17.73 6.82 9.55 9.55 5.46 43.65 35.47 151.41 21.83 54.56 Line Workers 49.58 27.73 42.73 28.38 17.94 129.82 90.35 405.13 47.62 106.66 Machinists 1.75 10.49 1.75 9.90 2.33 9.32 15.15 61.17 15.15 27.97 Maintenance Workers 17.18 14.56 10.31 7.48 9.91 42.86 24.06 136.87 24.06 40.03 Managers 0.49 0.16 0.00 1.62 0.16 6.01 1.79 4.87 1.62 2.60 Material Handlers and Porters 6.22 17.78 0.89 5.33 1.78 36.45 13.34 133.37 24.01 28.45 Mechanics 7.05 27.46 6.30 22.51 15.01 75.33 15.31 242.05 56.57 87.34 Meter Readers 300.42 10.26 12.90 10.26 4.30 222.01 50.29 277.26 69.15 56.58 Other 8.29 0.52 1.04 1.04 0.52 5.18 2.07 12.96 5.18 4.15 Other Technicians 5.56 3.18 3.57 9.53 1.98 25.00 10.32 69.86 6.75 16.67 Plant and Equipment Operators 5.87 8.36 3.56 8.54 8.00 30.95 14.94 75.76 18.67 19.21 Representatives 4.35 1.04 0.35 4.52 0.35 30.25 5.56 46.24 5.21 4.35 Security 8.51 1.89 2.84 4.73 2.84 32.13 25.52 98.28 8.51 7.56 Supervisors 2.69 2.31 2.50 7.31 2.69 14.82 6.93 27.13 6.54 11.93 Technical/Professional Support 1.36 1.00 0.29 3.50 0.64 13.92 4.36 25.20 3.93 4.64 Welders 10.67 3.56 7.11 46.23 21.34 24.89 7.11 103.13 21.34 110.24

Selected Occupational Groups: Injury Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years by Injury Source

7.05 27.46 6.30 22.51 15.01 75.33 15.31 242.05 56.57 87.34

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 A n i m a l

• r

I n s e c t B i t e C a u g h t I n , U n d e r ,

• r

B e t w e e n C

• n

t a c t w i t h E l e c t r i c C u r r e n t C

• n

t a c t w i t h R a d i a t i

• n

/ C a u s t i c s / T

• x

i c S u b s t a n c e s C

• n

t a c t w i t h T e m p e r a t u r e E x t r e m e s F a l l

• n

S a m e L e v e l F a l l t

• D

i f f e r e n t L e v e l

• r

f r

• m

E l e v a t i

• n

O v e r

• e

x e r t i

• n

/ B

• d

y M

• t

i

• n

S t r i k i n g A g a i n s t S t r u c k B y Injuries per 10,000 Employee-Years

Mechanics

Distribution and Injury Rate for Fatalities by Year, 1995-2006

1 5 2 4 3 4 5 4 7 2 4

0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Count of Fatalities

0.0 1.0

Fatality Rate per 10,000 Employee-Years

Count of Fatalities Fatality Rate per 10,000 Employee Years

Primary Work Location Codes Primary Work Location Codes

• Customer Service
• Field
• Garage
• Generation Station
• Office
• Other Facilities
• Shop
• Substation
• Training
• Transmission &

Distribution

• Warehouse

Special Topics: Generation Stations - Patterns in Injuries by Nature of Injury, EPRI OHSD 1995-2006

35.1% 13.4% 9.9% 7.7% 6.5% 6.3% 5.1% 4.7% 4.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% S p r a i n s , S t r a i n s C u t , L a c e r a t i

• n

, P u n c t u r e S c r a t c h e s , A b r a s i

• n

s N

• n

c l a s s i f i a b l e C

• n

t u s i

• n

, B r u i s e C T D / R S I F r a c t u r e / D i s l

• c

a t i

• n

B u r n / E l e c t r i c S h

• c

k H e a r i n g L

• s

s

• r

I m p a i r m e n t Percent of Total Injuries

Distribution of Nature of Injury Primary Work Location: Nuclear Power Generation Stations

43.13% 13.21% 10.80% 10.18% 9.02% 3.75% 3.04% 1.70% 1.16% 1.07%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% 50.0% S p r a i n s , S t r a i n s C T D / R S I H e a r i n g L

• s

s

• r

I m p a i r m e n t N

• n

c l a s s i f i a b l e C u t , L a c e r a t i

• n

, P u n c t u r e F r a c t u r e / D i s l

• c

a t i

• n

C

• n

t u s i

• n

, B r u i s e S c r a t c h e s , A b r a s i

• n

s E l e c t r i c S h

• c

k , E l e c t r

• c

u t i

• n

D e r m a t i t i s / S k i n Percent of All Injuries

Sprain/Strain Case Sprain/Strain Case-

• Control Study:

Control Study: Research Questions Research Questions

• Comparison with minor strain injuries—

– What factors differentiate “severe” sprain injuries (5 or more days lost work) from less severe sprain injuries (less than 1 day lost work)?

• Comparison with non-strain injuries

– What factors are associated with severe sprain injuries in comparison to less severe non-sprain injuries?

• No effects were found for the following

factors:

– Sex – Years of experience

• Older age associated with risk of back

and shoulder sprain injuries, but not knee sprain injuries

• Trade occupations typically have higher

risk of sprain injuries than office workers

• Limitations

Sprain/Strain Case Control Study: Sprain/Strain Case Control Study: Summary Summary

Manuscripts In Progress Manuscripts In Progress

• Motor vehicle crashes among electric utility

workers: Rates, causes, and prevention

• Relationship between overtime and injuries

among electric utility workers

Upcoming Presentations Upcoming Presentations

National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) Session: Injuries Among Electric Utility Workers, October 2008

• Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes Among Electric

Utility Workers

• Factors That Distinguish Serious Versus Less Severe

Strain and Sprain Injuries: An Analysis of Electric Utility Workers

• Work-Related Injury Trends Among Electric Utility

Workers

y p y

13 8 8 8 8 7 6 4 4 2 2 1

• 5

10 15 20 SCE E M H ALL G N F C A D B

Mean Lost Days

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0

Median Lost Days

Mean Lost Days Median Lost Days

Distribution of Days Lost for Electric Utility Workers

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Less Than 1 Day 1 Day to 1 Week 1 Week to 1 Month 1 Month to 6 Months 6 Months to 1 Year More than 1 Year All Utilities SCE

Distribution of Lost and Mean and Median Lost Distribution of Lost and Mean and Median Lost Days for Electric Utility Workers by Company Days for Electric Utility Workers by Company Code Code

280 169 958 8.20 2.26 2.10

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Company A Company B Company C

Count of Crashes

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00

Crashe Rate per 100-Employee-Years

Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Data from Company A: 2002-2005; Data from Company B: 2003-2005; Data from Company C: 2000, 2004-

Count, Crash Rate, Count, Crash Rate, and 95% Confidence Intervals per and 95% Confidence Intervals per 100 Employee Years for Motor Vehicle Crashes among 100 Employee Years for Motor Vehicle Crashes among Electric Utility Workers Electric Utility Workers

Company Count of Crashes Count of Employees Crash Rate per 100 Employee- Years Lower 95% Confidence Interval Upper 95% Confidence Interval Company A 265 3,416 7.76 6.81 8.68 Company B 867 45,709 1.90 1.77 2.02 Company C 169 7,479 2.26 1.91 2.59

Count, Crash Rate, Count, Crash Rate, and 95% Confidence Intervals per and 95% Confidence Intervals per 100 Employee Years for Motor Vehicle Crashes among 100 Employee Years for Motor Vehicle Crashes among Electric Utility Workers (Non Electric Utility Workers (Non-

• Driving Crashes Excluded)

Driving Crashes Excluded)

Company A Company B Company C Line Workers 32.88 5.65 2.36 Electricians 14.61 3.69 2.04 Other Technicians 9.09 0.74 8.86 Foreman 8.76 6.04

• Maintenance Workers

5.75 12.14 8.23 Welders 4.35 0.00

• Technical/Professional Support

3.07 0.11 0.47 Engineers 2.71 0.10 1.81 Material Handlers and Porters 2.56 0.00

• Meter Readers

1.04 2.58 4.05 Mechanics 0.86 0.50 2.19 Drivers/Deliverers/Inspectors/Patrol 0.00 8.82 1.46 Plant and Equipment Operators 0.00 1.00 3.62

Motor Vehicle Crashes per 100 Employee Years Motor Vehicle Crashes per 100 Employee Years by Selected Occupational Group by Selected Occupational Group

60.0% 47.3% 72.7% 13.9% 3.6% 5.0% 9.5% 9.0% 27.3% 18.7% 6.2% 0.7%2.2% 1.4% 9.1% 1.4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Percentage of All Motor Vehicle Crashes Driving Backing Non-Driving Stopping/Slowing Parked Parking

Precrash Action Company B Company A Company C Crashes with unknown precrash action exlcuded; "non-driving" includes incidents included in the database where the vehicle damage was unrelated to the driving behavior of either the utility driver or another driver

Distribution of Motor Vehicle Crashes by Distribution of Motor Vehicle Crashes by Precrash Precrash Action: Company A, B, Action: Company A, B, and C and C

Summary: General Findings Summary: General Findings

• Overall crash rate was 2.49 crashes per

100 employee years

• Most crashes occurred while the vehicle

was being driven as opposed to backing, stopping, or parking.

• Motor vehicle crash rates have

increased over time

– Not statisticallysignificant