Enhance Livelihoods in Pastoral Areas South Sudan Pastoral systems - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Enhance Livelihoods in Pastoral Areas South Sudan

Pastoral systems are economically viable but fragile as they manage a fragile environment

Based on risk management Spatial management which needs to maintain mobility as best way to utilize resources Accumulation of capital only in livestock assets (increase the risk and diminish it at the same time) Need to maintain a minimum herd size to face future risk and face social obligations

M a n a g e m e

• Compromise between the need of cash and the need of keeping the animal as it

represent a productive/reproductive capital to recover after the crisis, contribute to stock building, expresses social status

• The basic economic logic is that poorer pastoral households need to build

herds before more commercially-orientated market engagement becomes feasible.

• This behavior does not reflect a fixation with acquiring livestock for

reasons of social status only, but, is a rationale economic strategy given the vulnerability context, and the high economic returns from livestock relative to other economic opportunities in these areas

Strategic sale to get cash in return to purchase food, services, items, social obligations Need to maintain a minimum herd size to face future risk and face social obligations

e n t

Pastoral systems are under threat therefore livelihood and food security are under threat too

Diminishing natural resources, grazing patterns and corridors progressive land sequestration Insufficient market access and declining terms of Water scarcity, Insecurity, conflicts, cattle rustling Little investment to

Any of the factors undermining pastoral livelihood consequently put at risk the capacity pastoralist have to produce or purchase food .

sequestration Erosive impact of livestock diseases declining terms of trade, commodities price steadily increasing Little investment to enhance pastoral production system and alternative livelihood

• 11.7 million cattle, 12.4 million goats and 12.1 million sheep, this

amounts to the sixth largest livestock herd in Africa with an asset value roughly estimated at SDG 7 billion.

• More than 85% of all households in Southern Sudan are livestock

producers/keepers

South Sudan, livestock snapshot

• Estimated number of 950,000 livestock keepers engaged in

pastoralism and agro-pastoralism who are considered as the main livestock keepers

• In comparison with the relatively low human population this places

Southern Sudan as the country with the highest livestock per capita ratio in Africa with a calculated average number of livestock to be 25 per household

Increase herd size to:

• 1. capitalize

(environmental stress increases risk) Sub-Sahara South Sudan

10%- 3% 20-40%- 10-15 %

3.5%

South Sudan on the edge

risk)

• 2. sell (terms of

trade are progressively deteriorating)

7%-14% < 4% Commercial off-take Mortality Herd size

Southern Sudan could be losing more than 1 million cattle (both young and mature) and 3 million shoats annually through death, over and above the tolerable levels 1.5 - 3. ?%

Annual growth

20-40%- 10-15 %

3 % ?

X %

< 50 50 - 200 > 200

Smaller livestock keepers are less resilient

Animal health services

? %

Cash transfer PP Pastoral policies (IGAD -CPF)

< 4%

2 - 3

Y %

75% 20% 5%

Marketing interventions

?

Cash transfer

“”as the recurrence

• f

droughts heightens and pastoralists gradually embrace the cash economy, pastoralists are increasingly availing their animals to markets” Ekuam, CEWARN- IGAD, ISS

Productive infrastructures

• Embedded in the

Community

• Trained for detection
• Supported by Cost

recovery system

2000 trained OLS – FAO \ GREP 400-800 active

• Deployment scheme

with higher level professional network established

• Spatial distribution

Rinderpest eradicated After At least 8 diseases to control

Supervised by multi-disciplinary teams and be part of a multi- disciplinary team at cattle camp trough Cattle camp initiatives of:

• One health discipline (OH

platform) and nutrition

• Education
• Indigenous early warning

system (FEWSNET) recovery system

• Donor/Agency support
• Global-Regional

Commitment

• Sustainability never

addressed

• No involvement of the

private sector

• Huge drop-off
• Spatial distribution

rather than quantitative criteria

• Engagement of the

private sector, veterinary drugs, pharmacies

• Extended knowledge

toward production, market, IEWS and LEWS system (FEWSNET)

• Livestock early warning

system (GL-CRSP*)

• Conflict early warning and

monitor system (CEWARN-IGAD**)

• Support to cattle rustling prevention

initiatives (IGAD-EAPCCO-ISS – Mifugo Project***) through LITS.

• Community awareness and

monitoring (KAP)

• Agents in DRR and DRM

Community based animal health workers CBAHWs, South Sudan

Programme Focus

Bridging

the gap between emergency relief and development assistance,

Establish

viable pastoralist and alternative livelihoods*,

Enhancement

• f

livelihoods

• ptions

to reduce

Enhancement

• f

livelihoods

• ptions

to reduce vulnerability and destitution in pastoral regions,

Improving livestock production and marketing, Improving natural resource management, Strengthening civil governance and conflict mitigation, Promoting local, national, regional and international

policies beneficial to pastoral areas

• In considerations regarding alternative

sources of income a distinction should be made between:

alternative livelihoods strategies (e.g., exit), complementary livelihood strategies (e.g., complementary livelihood strategies (e.g.,

charcoal production, handicrafts) and

enhanced (livestock-centered) livelihood

strategies (i.e. market integration, dairy products).