Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders Slow Loris Group 1 Welcome - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders Slow Loris Group

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Welcome

 Brandon Speeg  What is Emerging

Wildlife Conservation Leaders?

 Zoologist  White Oak

Conservation Center

 Ungulates (hoofed

animals)

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• Information
• Identification
• Care & Handling

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Key Facts

 Primate  Domestic and

international legislation protects the slow loris

 Native to countries in

Southeast Asia

 Nocturnal - active at

night

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CITES Listing

 Convention on

International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora

 Appendix I listed  All international

commercial trade banned

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IUCN Listing

 International Union for the

Conservation of Nature

 Endangered

 N. javanicus

 Vulnerable

 N. pygameus  N. bengalensis  N. coucang  N. menagensis

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Some Range Country Listings

Country Regulation Singapore Endangered Species (Import and Export Act Cap 82A (ESA) Wild Animals and Birds Act Indonesia Decree No. 66 1973 of Ministry of Agriculture

• Gov. Reg. No. 7 1999 concerning protection of Wild

Fauna and Flora Act No. 5 1999 Thailand Wildlife Protection Act 1992 Vietnam Decree 32 2006 ND-CP Cambodia PRAKAS 020 Malaysia Schedule 1 of totally protected animals India Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972

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Use in Traditional Medicine

 All body parts used in

traditional medicine

 In Cambodia, slow loris

was the second most common mammal

• bserved at markets

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Use in Pet Trade

• The pet trade is local,

regional and international

• Popular as a pet in range

countries, and in China, Japan, Middle East, Russia, and Europe

• Prices seen from US$6 in

Indonesia to US$1,500- $4,500 in Japan

• Easy to capture

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Slow Loris Species

 Five species of slow loris are

currently recognized

 Variation between species in

size, markings and coloring

 Nycticebus coucang Greater  N. bengalensis Bengal  N. menagensis Bornean  N. javanicus Javan  N. pygmaeus Pygmy/Lesser

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Slow Loris Species Range

 N. coucang Greater

 Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia,

Thailand, Singapore

 N. bengalensis Bengal

 Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia,

China, India, Laos, Myanmar

 N. menagensis Bornean

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Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Brunei, Philippines

 N. javanicus Javan

 Indonesia (Java)

 N. pygmaeus Pygmy

 Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, China,

East Thailand?

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Facial and Body Markings

 Identifying species in the

market can help you determine if it is domestic

• r international trade

 Facial markings present

in all slow lorises but variation in pattern

 Between and within

species

 Slow lorises vary in color

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Points to Note on Identification

 Variation within species  Chirping noise = juvenile

 May not exhibit all species

characteristics

 Look similar across the

species

 Use fur characteristics to

identify young animals.

 Use facial and body

markings to identify adult animal

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Identification Difficulties

 Often dyed a different

colour to make them more appealing

 Sick or malnourished

animals often underweight

• r do not exhibit all species

characteristics

 If in doubt as to what

species, call an expert

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Diet

 The slow loris has a

diverse diet in the wild:

 Insects  Floral nectar  Sap  Gum  Fruit

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Uses Toxin as Defense

 Lifts arms to lick

secretion from inner elbow gland

 Mixture of saliva and

toxic secretion is injected into predator with a bite

 Can send predators,

including humans, into anaphylactic shock

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Poor Conditions at Animal Markets

 Bites are common when

kept in small cages

 Stress has a detrimental

effect on its health

 Diets inadequate and

animals often dehydrated

 Infants rarely survive

Roger Allen, IAR

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Teeth extraction

 Teeth often extracted by traders with nail clippers without

anaesthetics to make it seem younger and avoid bites

 Can often cause lethal infection  Difficult to return them to the wild

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Immediate post-confiscation care

 Handle gently with gloves  Place in a box or container that

allows air supply

 If the animal is in a secure cage

that can be confiscated and moved, leave the animal in the cage rather than cause stress by capturing and moving the animal into a new cage.

 Consider draping the container

• n three sides with a blanket to

reduce stress, as long as ventilation is not stopped

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 Do not use a chicken wire cage. If a

chicken wire cage must be used, put a towel or foliage down to protect their feet and hands.

 Slow loris can escape through narrow

gaps, so the container should be secured.

 The container should be kept at a

temperature of 19°- 30°C; injured and weakened animals are more susceptible to heat and cold stress.

 Slow lorises should be transported in

non air-conditioned vehicles.

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Immediate post-confiscation care

 Adding leaves and branches (bamboo)

to a container can reduce stress by giving the animal a place to hide and something to grasp.

 If holding the animal for an extended

time in a large container, consider adding a smaller box or tube for the animal to hide and sleep in.

 Do not put two animals in a same small

container if they were not together when confiscated.

 Place the animal somewhere quiet.  Take to rescue centre as soon as

possible.

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Immediate post-confiscation care

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Fruits:

 banana  grapes  apple  mango  peeled orange  kiwi  durian  papaya

Vegetables:

 squash  Peas  Beans  corn  beans  spinach  yam

Insects:

 crickets  mealworms  beetles (small)  caterpillars

Other:

 boiled egg whites

• Place water and food such as fruit (watermelon or banana) or

crickets in the box.

• Evaporated milk for infants.
• Possible food items:

Immediate post-confiscation care

This training was made possible by funding from the International Fund for Animal Welfare and the World Wildlife Fund This presentation was originally created by Tricia Parish and Dr. KAI Nekaris of Oxford Brookes University.

Parish, T.J. 2008. Identifying CITES Appendix I-listed slow lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: Nycticebus): a training programme for enforcement officials and rescue centres in Southeast Asia. MSc Thesis. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford: UK.

Thanks to the following people for the use of their photos:

Edwin Wiek, Manoon Pliwsungnoen, Norman Lim, David Haring, San Diego Zoo, Anna Nekaris, Karmele Llano Sanchez, Alan Knight, Ulrike Streicher, Tilo Nadler, Carly Starr, Tim Redford, Dwi Nugroho, R. Butler, International Animal Rescue, Helga Schulze.

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